Menene hauhawar farashin kaya? Muna jin wannan lokacin sosai a cikin labaran labarai na TV da kuma a cikin tattaunawar yau da kullun. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa ba su san ainihin ma'anar wannan ra'ayi ba ko kuma kawai sun rikita shi da, a wasu kalmomin.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku abin da ake nufi da hauhawar farashi da kuma irin barazanar da zai iya yiwa jihar.
Me ake nufi da kumbura?
Kumbura (lat. inflatio - bloating) - ƙaruwa a matakin gaba ɗaya na farashi don kaya da aiyuka na dogon lokaci. A yayin hauhawar farashin kaya, adadin kuɗi guda da yawa akan lokaci zasu iya siyan kayayyaki da sabis kaɗan ƙasa da na da.
A cikin sauƙaƙan lafuzza, hauhawar farashi yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ikon sayayyar takardun kuɗi, waɗanda suka rage da kuma rasa wasu ƙimarsu ta gaske. Misali, a yau burodi yana cin kuɗi 20, bayan wata ɗaya - 22 rub, kuma wata ɗaya daga baya farashinsa yakai 25.
A sakamakon haka, farashi ya tashi, yayin da ikon sayan kuɗi, akasin haka, ya ragu. Wannan tsari ana kiransa kumbura. A lokaci guda, hauhawar farashi ba shi da alaƙa da hauhawar farashin lokaci ɗaya kuma a lokaci guda ba ya nufin ƙaruwa a duk farashin a cikin tattalin arziƙi, tunda farashin wasu kayayyaki da aiyuka na iya kasancewa bai canza ba ko ma ya ragu.
Tsarin hauhawar farashi yanayi ne na tattalin arziƙin zamani kuma ana lasafta shi ta amfani da kashi. Abubuwa daban-daban na iya haifar da hauhawar farashi:
- batun karin takardun kudi don cike gibin kasafin kudi;
- raguwa a cikin GDP tare da sauran adadin kuɗin ƙasar da ke gudana;
- karancin kaya;
- keɓancewa;
- rikicewar siyasa ko tattalin arziki, da sauransu.
Bugu da kari, saurin makamai na jihar (militarization) na iya haifar da hauhawar farashi. Wato, ana ware makudan kudade daga kasafin kudin jihar don kerawa ko sayen makamai, ba tare da wadatar da jama'a da kayayyaki ba. A sakamakon haka, 'yan ƙasa suna da kuɗi, amma ba sa buƙatar bindigogi da tankuna, wanda aka kashe kuɗin kasafin kuɗi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa hauhawar farashi na al'ada ya kasance 3 zuwa 5% a kowace shekara. Wannan manuniyar ta saba wa kasashen da suka ci gaba tattalin arziki. Wato, duk da hauhawar farashi, albashi da fa'idodin zamantakewar mutane a hankali za su karu, wanda ke rufe dukkan gazawar.
