Alcatrazkuma aka sani da Dutse Tsibiri ne a San Francisco Bay. Ya kasance sananne sosai ga babban kurkuku mai suna iri ɗaya, inda aka ajiye masu laifi mafi haɗari. Hakanan, an kawo wadannan fursunonin da suka tsere daga wuraren da ake tsare da su a nan.
Tarihin gidan yarin Alcatraz
Gwamnatin Amurka ta yanke shawarar gina gidan yari na sojoji a kan Alcatraz saboda wasu dalilai, gami da yanayin halitta. Tsibirin ya kasance a tsakiyar wani bakin ruwa mai ruwan sanyi da igiyoyin ruwa masu ƙarfi. Don haka, koda fursunonin sun sami damar tserewa daga gidan yarin, ba zai yiwu su bar tsibirin ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a tsakiyar karni na 19, an aika fursunonin yaƙi zuwa Alcatraz. A cikin 1912, an gina babban ginin gidan yari mai hawa 3, kuma bayan shekaru 8 ginin ya kusan cika da masu laifi.
An bambanta kurkukun ta babban matakin ladabi, tsananin ga masu keta doka da kuma hukunci mai tsanani. A lokaci guda, waɗancan fursunonin na A'katras waɗanda suka sami damar tabbatar da kansu a kan kyakkyawar ɓangare suna da haƙƙin samun dama daban-daban. Misali, an yarda wasu su taimaka da ayyukan gida na iyalai da ke zaune a tsibirin har ma su kula da yara.
Lokacin da wasu fursunoni suka sami damar tserewa, akasarinsu dole ne su mika wuya ga masu tsaron ko ta yaya. A sauƙaƙe ba su iya iyo a ƙetaren ruwan da ruwan sanyi. Waɗanda suka yanke shawarar yin iyo har zuwa ƙarshe sun mutu daga cutar sanyi.
A cikin 1920s, yanayi a cikin Alcatraz ya zama na ɗan adam. An ba fursunoni damar gina filin wasanni don yin wasanni daban-daban. Af, wasan dambe tsakanin fursunoni, wanda hatta Amurkawa masu bin doka suna zuwa daga babban ƙasa, sun tayar da sha'awa sosai.
A farkon 1930s, Alcatraz ya sami matsayin gidan yarin tarayya, inda har yanzu ana jigilar fursunoni masu haɗari musamman. Anan, hatta manyan masu aikata laifuka masu iko ba za su iya yin tasiri a cikin gwamnati ba, suna amfani da matsayinsu a cikin duniyar masu aikata laifi.
A wannan lokacin, Alcatraz ya sami canje-canje da yawa: an ƙarfafa fareti, an kawo wutar lantarki a cikin ɗakunan, kuma an toshe duk rami na sabis da duwatsu. Bugu da kari, kariyar motsi na masu gadin ta kara saboda wasu zane-zane.
A wasu wurare, akwai hasumiyai waɗanda suka ba masu tsaro damar yin kyakkyawar duban yankin. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin kantin kurkukun akwai kwantena tare da hayaki mai sa hawaye (sarrafawa nesa), wanda aka yi niyya don kwantar da fursunoni yayin yawan faɗa.
Akwai ɗakuna 600 a cikin gidan kurkukun, an kasu gida-gida 4 kuma sun bambanta a matakin tsanani. Waɗannan da sauran matakan tsaro da yawa sun haifar da tabbataccen shinge ga mafi yawan waɗanda suka tsere.
Ba da daɗewa ba, dokokin yin hidima a cikin Alcatraz sun canza sosai. Yanzu, kowane mai yanke hukunci yana cikin ɗakin kurkukunsa kawai, tare da kusan babu damar samun gata. An hana dukkan 'yan jarida damar zuwa nan.
Shahararren ɗan fashin nan Al Capone, wanda nan da nan aka "sanya shi", yana ɗaukar hukuncinsa a nan. A wani lokaci, ana aiwatar da abin da ake kira "manufar yin shiru" a Alcatraz, lokacin da aka hana fursunoni yin kowane irin sauti na dogon lokaci. Yawancin masu laifi sun ɗauki yin shiru azaman azaba mai tsanani.
Akwai jita-jita cewa wasu daga cikin masu laifin sun rasa hankalinsu saboda wannan dokar. Daga baya an soke "manufar yin shiru". Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wuraren keɓewa, inda fursunoni ke tsirara gaba ɗaya kuma sun gamsu da ɗan ƙaramin abincin.
An tsare masu laifin a cikin wani keɓewar sanyi da kuma cikin duhu daga kwana 1 zuwa 2, yayin da aka basu katifa na dare kawai. Anyi la'akari da wannan azaman mafi tsananin ga take hakki, wanda duk fursunoni ke tsoro.
Rufe kurkuku
A lokacin bazara na 1963, an rufe kurkukun akan Alcatraz saboda tsada da yawa na kulawarsa. Bayan shekaru 10, an buɗe tsibirin ga masu yawon bude ido. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kusan mutane miliyan 1 ke ziyarta duk shekara.
An yi amannar cewa a tsawon shekaru 29 na aiki a gidan yarin, ba a samu nasarar kubuta ko daya ba, amma tunda fursunoni 5 da suka taba tserewa daga Alcatraz ba su iya samun fursunonin (ba su da rai ko ba su mutu ba), ana tambayar wannan gaskiyar. A tsawon tarihi, fursunonin sun yi nasarar tserewa 14 ba tare da nasara ba.
