Tula Kremlin ɗayan ɗayan mahimman abubuwan tarihi ne na Tula, waɗanda suke a tsakiyar garin. Wannan ɗayan ɗayan kremlin goma sha biyu ne na musamman wanda ya wanzu a Rasha har zuwa yau.
Tarihin Tula Kremlin
A karni na 16, Ivan na II ya yanke shawarar fadada abin da ya mallaka, kuma Tula ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsarensa ta mahangar dabaru. Mahimmancinsa ya ƙarfafa ta 1507. A wannan lokacin, ƙasar Rasha ta kasance cikin haɗari daga kudu - taron Kirimiya, kuma Tula ya tsaya a kan hanyar zuwa Moscow.
Vasily III ya umarci na kasa da shi da su gina katangar itacen oak, inda daga nan ake isar da canon da sauran makamai na kariya. A cikin 1514, basarake ya ba da umarnin gina ginin dutse, kamar yadda yake a cikin Kremlin na Moscow, gininsa ya ɗauki shekaru bakwai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Tula Kremlin ba ta da tabbas - an kewaye ta sau da yawa, amma ba maƙiyi ɗaya da zai iya shiga ciki.
Abin da ba a taɓa mantawa da shi ba shi ne kewayewar da aka yi a 1552. Amfani da Ivan mai tsananin kamfen na yaƙi da Kazan, ɗan Crimean Khan ya ƙaddamar da hari. Mazaunan Tula sun sami damar riƙe kariya har zuwa lokacin isowa daga tallafi. Ana riƙe ƙwaƙwalwar wannan taron ta dutsen da aka aza kusa da ƙofar Ivanovskiye.
Tula Kremlin ba kawai hanyar kariya bane, amma kuma gida ne. Akwai gidaje sama da ɗari a nan kuma kusan mutane ɗari biyu sun rayu. Koyaya, a ƙarshen karni na 17, Hagu-Bankin Ukraine ya haɗu da Rasha, don haka Tula Kremlin ta daina kasancewa muhimmiyar waje.
A farkon karni na 19, an yi gyare-gyare a nan. An sake sake gina tsohuwar tashar tun 2014; ana shirin bude atrium tare da dakunan baje kolin abubuwa hudu. A cikin 2020, ginin zai yi bikin cikarsa shekaru dari biyar, shirye-shirye waɗanda tuni an fara su.
Gine-ginen Tula Kremlin
Yankin babban abin jan hankalin Tula shine hekta 6. Ganuwar Tula Kremlin ta faɗi tsawon kilomita 1, suna yin murabba'i ɗaya. Ya haɗu da nau'ikan tsarin gine-gine, waɗanda za'a iya gani a bango da hasumiyoyin kariya.
Hasumiyar Nikitskaya da katangar bango tabbas suna tunatar da fadojin Italiya waɗanda aka gina a tsakiyar zamanai. Sauran hasumiyai suma suna da fannoni na gine-gine masu ban sha'awa - suna nan a wajen bango don su kewaye abokan gaba. Dukansu sun keɓe, ma'ana kowannensu sansanin soja ne daban.
Katolika
Akwai majami’un Orthodox biyu a nan. Na farko shine Mai Tsarki Zato Cathedral, wanda aka gina a 1762, ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun haikalin a duk cikin Tula. Ya sami yabo da kauna saboda kyawawan gine-ginenta da adon sarauta. A baya can, rawanin ginin ya kasance dogo mai tsawon mita 70 mai baroque, amma ya ɓace a karnin da ya gabata. Babban cocin yana da zane-zanen da masanan Yaroslavl suka yi tun a karni na 17 da kuma zane-zane mai hawa bakwai daga ƙarni na 18.
Babban cocin Epiphany ƙarami, kwanan watan bayyanarsa shine 1855. Babban cocin ba ya aiki, an gina shi ne don tunawa da waɗanda ke cikin yaƙin 1812. A cikin 1930, an rufe shi kuma an shirya shi don shirya gidan Athan wasa a nan, saboda haka ya rasa kawunansu. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, an sake sake gina babban cocin, amma a cikin 2017 har yanzu ba ya aiki.
Bangane da hasumiyoyi
Bangon Tula Kremlin, wanda aka gina akan tushe, ya fadada sau da yawa cikin ƙarnuka kuma yanzu ya kai mita 10 a tsayi kuma a wurare har zuwa mita 3.2 faɗi. Jimlar tsawon bangon ya kai mita 1066.
Akwai hasumiya guda takwas, guda huɗu kuma ana amfani dasu azaman ƙofofi. Ga sunayensu da halayensu:
- Hasumiyar Spassky yana can yamma da ginin, asalinsa yana dauke da kararrawa, wanda akullum yakan tashi idan ana barazanar gari daga wani hari daga gefe, don haka ana kiransa da Vestova.
- Hasumiyar Odoevskaya wanda ke kudu maso gabas na Hasumiyar Mai Ceto. Yau alama ce ta dukkanin tsari, don haka a nan zaku iya ɗaukar kyawawan hotuna. Ya samo sunan daga Kazan Icon na Uwar Allah, wanda asalinsa yana cikin facade.
- Nikitskaya - sananne ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kasance ɗakin azabtarwa da bindiga.
- Hasumiyar ƙofar Ivanovskie kai tsaye zuwa lambun Kremlin daura da bangon kudu maso gabas.
- Ivanovskaya an gina shi ne a zamanin da aka yi amfani da Tula Kremlin a matsayin sansanin soja, yana da wani ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoye da ya wuce mita 70 zuwa Upa domin garin da aka kewaye ya sami ruwa. Wannan motsi ya rushe a cikin karni na 17. A wancan lokacin, hasumiyar tana dauke da dakuna a ciki ana adana kayan abinci, hoda da alburusai.
- Hasumiyar ruwa yayi aiki a matsayin ƙofar daga gefen kogin, ta wurinta a wani lokaci jerin gwano na saukowa domin keɓewar ruwa.
- Dandalin - wanda yake gefen gabar hannun Upa.
- Pyatnitsky Towerofar Hasumiya ya kasance matattarar makamai da kayayyaki da yawa idan har aka kewaye sansanin soja.
Gidajen tarihi
Yawon shakatawa da ayyuka
Yawon shakatawa mafi yawan balaguro:
- Yawon shakatawa na yawon shakatawa yana ɗaukar minti 50 kuma ya rufe duk manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen. Farashin tikiti na balaguro: manya - 150 rubles, yara - 100 rubles.
- "City a tafin hannunka" - sani tare da gine yana gudana tare da kewayen kilomita na ganuwar kuma ya rufe dukkan hasumiya. Yawon bude ido yana da damar samun ƙarin sani game da kariya da kuma gine-gine na musamman. Kudin: manya - 200 rubles, yara - 150 rubles.
- "Sirrin Tula Kremlin" - yawon shakatawa mai ma'ana ga yara na shekaru daban-daban. Za su koyi yadda aka gina ginin da yadda ya kare kansa daga maharan, da kuma duk wasu asirin da ke shafin. Farashin - 150 rubles.
Gano mai ban sha'awa a cikin Tula Kremlin don yara da manya:
- "Ubangijin Kremlin" - tafiya mai ban sha'awa ta tsohuwar tsari, wanda ya ɗauki awa ɗaya. Yayin sa, zaku san shahararrun mashahuran tarihi kuma ku ji kamar kuna cikin Tsararru na Zamani. Kudin: manya - 300 rubles, yara - 200 rubles.
- "Ta yaya mutanen Tula a cikin Kremlin suke neman farin ciki" - Neman jarumi da hazikan mutane wadanda zasuyi tafiya tare da dukkan bango don warware matsalar. Kudin: manya - 300 rubles, yara - 200 rubles.
- "Archaeological asirai" - tafiya ta cikin shekaru daban-daban, gabatar da 'yan wasa zuwa tarin abubuwa da nune-nunen masu muhimmanci na gidan kayan gargajiya. Kudin: manya - 200 rubles, yara - 150 rubles.
Lokacin aiki... Yankin Tula Kremlin yana da damar zuwa yawon bude ido kowace rana. Lokacin buɗewa: daga 10:00 zuwa 22:00 (ana iyakance ziyarar a ƙarshen mako - har zuwa 18:00). Theofar kyauta ce ga kowa.
Muna baku shawara da ku kalli Suzdal Kremlin.
Yadda ake zuwa can... Adireshin babban jan hankalin Tula shine st. Mendeleevskaya, 2. Hanya mafi sauki don zuwa can ita ce ta bas (hanyoyi masu lamba 16, 18, 24) ko trolleybus (hanyoyi masu lamba 1, 2, 4, 8).
