Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999) - darektan fina-finai na Burtaniya da Amurka, marubucin allo, furodusa, edita, mai daukar hoto da daukar hoto. Ya kasance ɗayan mashahuran masu yin fim na rabin rabin karni na 20.
Wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai da yawa, gami da "Zinar Zinare don Kwarewa" don jimlar nasarorin da aka samu a sinima. A cikin 2018, Astungiyar Astungiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya ta sanya wa dutsen a Charon don tunawa da shi.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Kubrick, wanda za mu faɗa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Stanley Kubrick.
Tarihin Kubrick
An haifi Stanley Kubrick a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1928 a New York. An haife shi a cikin gidan yahudawa na Yakubu Leonard da Sadie Gertrude. Baya ga shi, an haifi yarinya mai suna Barbara Mary a cikin dangin Kubrick.
Yara da samari
Stanley ya girma a cikin dangi mai wadatar gaske wanda baya bin al'adun yahudawa da imaninsu. A sakamakon haka, yaron bai inganta imani da Allah ba kuma ya zama babu Allah.
Yayinda yake saurayi, Kubrick ya koyi wasan dara. Wannan wasan bai gushe yana sha'awar sa ba har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. Kusan a lokaci guda, mahaifinsa ya ba shi kyamara, sakamakon abin da ya sami sha'awar daukar hoto. A makaranta, ya sami maki mai kyau a duk fannoni.
Iyaye sun ƙaunaci Stanley sosai, saboda haka suka ba shi damar yin rayuwar da yake so. A makarantar sakandare, ya kasance a cikin makarantar lilo ta kiɗan kiɗa, yana kaɗa ganguna. Sannan har ma yana son haɗa rayuwarsa da jazz.
Abin mamaki, Stanley Kubrick shine babban mai daukar hoto na makarantar asalin sa. A lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya sami damar samun kuɗi ta hanyar wasan dara, yana yin wasa a kulab ɗin gida.
Bayan karbar satifiket din, Kubrick yayi kokarin shiga jami’ar, amma ya fadi jarabawar. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce daga baya ya yarda cewa iyayensa ba su yi wani abu ba don tarbiyyantar da shi, sannan kuma ya kasance ba ruwansa da kowane fanni a makaranta.
Fina-finai
Ko da a ƙuruciyarsa, Stanley yakan ziyarci silima. Ayyukan Max Ophuls sun burge shi musamman, wanda hakan zai kasance a cikin aikinsa a nan gaba.
Kubrick ya fara harkar fim ne tun yana dan shekara 33, yana yin gajerun fina-finai na kamfanin Maris na Lokaci. Tuni fim dinsa na farko mai suna "Ranar Yaƙi", wanda aka yi fim da nasa ajiyar, ya sami babban bita daga masu sukar fim.
Bayan haka Stanley ya gabatar da shirin fim na "Flying Padre" da "Sea Riders". A 1953, ya shirya fim dinsa na farko mai suna Tsoro da Sha'awa, wanda ba a lura da shi ba.
Bayan wasu shekaru, fim din daraktan ya cika da Kiss's mai birgewa. Gaskiya ta farko ta fara zuwa gare shi bayan fara wasan kwaikwayo Hanyoyin Girma (1957), wanda ke ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918).
A shekarar 1960, dan wasan fim Kirk Douglas, wanda ya shirya fim din na Spartacus, ya gayyaci Kubrick ya maye gurbin daraktan da aka kora. A sakamakon haka, Stanley ya ba da umarnin maye gurbin babbar 'yar fim din kuma ya fara harba tef din yadda ya ga dama.
Duk da cewa Douglas bai yarda da yawancin shawarar da Kubrick ya yanke ba, "Spartacus" ya ci 4 "Oscars", kuma daraktan da kansa ya yi babban suna ga kansa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Stanley yana neman duk wata damar kuɗi don nasa ayyukan, yana son kasancewa mai cin gashin kansa daga furodusoshin.
A shekarar 1962, mutumin ya dauki fim din Lolita, ya danganta da aikin sunan daya Vladimir Nabokov. Wannan hoton ya haifar da babban rawa a siliman duniya. Wasu masu sukar sun yaba da karfin gwiwar Kubrick, yayin da wasu kuma suka nuna rashin jin dadinsu. Koyaya, an zabi Lolita don lambar yabo ta 7 Academy.
Daga nan sai Stanley ya gabatar da wasan barkwanci na Doctor Strangelove, ko Yadda Na Dakatar da Tsoronsa da Loaunar Bom ɗin, wanda ke nuna shirye-shiryen sojan Amurka ta mummunar hanya.
Girman duniya ya faɗi akan Kubrick bayan karbuwa daga sanannen "A Space Odyssey 2001", wanda ya ci Oscar don Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman. A cewar masana da yawa da kuma masu kallo na yau da kullun, wannan hoton ne ya zama mafi shahara a tarihin rayuwar Stanley Kubrick.
Ba ƙaramin nasara aka samu ba ta faifan maigida na gaba - "Agogon Clockwork" (1971). Ta haifar da babban sakamako saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai fage da yawa na cin zarafin mata a cikin fim ɗin.
Wannan ya biyo bayan shahararrun ayyukan Stanley kamar "Barry Lyndon", "Shining" da "Full Metal Jacket". Aikin darekta na karshe shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na iyali Eyes Wide Shut, wanda aka fara bayan mutuwar mutumin.
Kwanaki 3 kafin rasuwarsa, Stanley Kubrick ya sanar da cewa ya sake yin wani fim din da ba wanda ya sani. Wannan tattaunawar ta bayyana ne kawai a Yanar gizo a shekarar 2015, tun da Patrick Murray, wanda ya yi magana da maigidan, ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta rashin bayyanawa don hirar tsawon shekaru 15 masu zuwa.
Don haka Stanley ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne ya ba da umarnin saukar da Ba'amurke a duniyar wata a cikin 1969, wanda ke nufin cewa shahararrun hotunan duniya abu ne mai sauƙi. A cewarsa, ya yi fim din matakan farko "a kan wata" a wani dakin daukar hoto tare da goyon bayan mahukunta na yanzu da kuma NASA.
Wannan bidiyon ya haifar da wani rawar, wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau. A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, Kubrick ya gabatar da fina-finai da yawa waɗanda suka zama tsoffin finafinan Amurka. Zane-zanensa an harbe su da babbar fasahar fasaha.
Stanley yakan yi amfani da kusanci da abubuwan ban mamaki. Ya kan nuna kaɗaicin mutum, da keɓewarsa daga gaskiya a cikin duniyar tasa, da shi ya ƙirƙira.
Rayuwar mutum
A tsawon shekarun tarihin kansa, Stanley Kubrick ya yi aure sau uku. Matarsa ta farko ita ce Toba Ette Metz, wacce ta rayu tare da shi kimanin shekara 3. Bayan haka, ya auri yar rawa da kuma yar wasan kwaikwayo Ruth Sobotka. Koyaya, wannan ƙungiyar ba ta daɗe ba.
A karo na uku, Kubrick ya sauka daga hanya tare da mawaƙa Christina Harlan, wanda a wancan lokacin ya riga ya sami 'ya mace. Daga baya, ma'auratan suna da yara biyu gama gari - Vivian da Anna. A shekara ta 2009, Anna ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa, kuma Vivian ta zama mai sha'awar Scientology, bayan daina magana da dangin ta.
Stanley ba ya son tattauna rayuwarsa ta sirri, wanda ya haifar da fitowar jita-jita da tatsuniyoyi game da shi. A cikin shekarun 90, ba safai ya bayyana a bainar jama'a ba, ya fi son kasancewa tare da danginsa.
Mutuwa
Stanley Kubrick ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1999 yana da shekara 70. Dalilin mutuwarsa ya kasance bugun zuciya. Yana da ayyuka da yawa da ba a san su ba.
Tsawon shekaru 30 ya tattara abubuwa don daukar fim din game da Napoleon Bonaparte. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa an samo kimanin kundin 18,000 game da Napoleon a ɗakin karatu na darektan.
Photo by Stanley Kubrick
