Kogon Altamira tarin hotuna ne na musamman daga zamanin Babban Paleolithic, tun daga 1985 aka amince da shi a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO. Ba kamar sauran kogwanni a cikin Cantabria ba, sanannu ne saboda kyawun su na ƙasa, Altamira yana jan hankalin masu sha'awar kayan tarihi da fasaha sosai. Ziyartar wannan wurin yana cikin tsarin al'adu na dole na hanyoyin yawon buɗe ido, na masu zaman kansu da na hukumomi.
Duba kogon Altamira da zane-zanensa
Altamira jerin hanyoyi biyu ne da dakuna masu tsawon 270 m, babba (wanda ake kira Big Plafond) yana da yanki na mita 1002... Bayanai sun rufe kusan ɗakunan ajiya tare da alamu, rubutun hannu da zane na dabbobin daji: bison, dawakai, boar daji.
Waɗannan bango sune polychrome, ta amfani da dyes na halitta don aikace-aikace: gawayi, ocher, manganese, hematite da kuma gauraye na kaolin clays. An yi imani cewa daga ƙarni 2 zuwa 5 ya shude tsakanin halittar farko da ta ƙarshe.
Duk masu bincike da baƙi zuwa Altamira sun sami damuwa ta hanyar layin da yadda ya dace; yawancin zane-zanen ana yin su ne a cikin bugun jini guda ɗaya kuma suna nuna motsin dabbobi. Babu kusan hotunan tsayayyu, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da girma uku saboda wurin da suke kan sassan kogon. An lura cewa lokacin da aka kunna wuta ko walƙiya, zane-zanen sun fara canzawa ta fuskar gani, dangane da ma'anar ƙarar ba su ƙasa da zane-zanen ressionan Tasirin.
Ganowa da sanarwa
Tarihin ganowa, tonowa, bugawa da kuma yarda da duniyar masana game da fasahar dutsen abun birgewa ne. Masu mallakar filin sun gano kogon Altamira a cikin 1879 - Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola tare da 'yarta, ita ce ta jawo hankalin mahaifinta game da zane-zane na bijimai a kan rumbun.
Soutuola ya kasance masanin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi wanda yayi kwanan wata don ganowa zuwa zamanin Stone kuma ya nemi taimako daga ƙungiyar masana kimiyya don gano ainihin gaskiyar. Wanda kawai ya amsa shi ne masanin kimiyyar Madrid Juan Vilanova y Pierre, wanda ya buga sakamakon binciken a 1880.
Masifar halin da ake ciki ta kasance cikin kyakkyawan yanayi da kyawun hotuna. Altamira ita ce farkon kogon da aka samo tare da zane-zanen dutsen, masana kimiyya ba a shirye suke kawai su canza hoton duniyar su ba kuma su yarda da ikon mutanen zamanin da na kirkirar irin wannan fasaha. A wani taron tarihi da aka yi a Lisbon, an zargi Soutoulou da rufe bangon kogon da zane-zanen da aka saba da su na jabu, kuma ƙyamar mai ƙirƙirar ta kasance tare da shi har zuwa mutuwarsa.
Muna ba da shawarar cewa ka duba bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da meteorite na Tunguska.
An samo shi a cikin 1895, irin wannan kogon a Faransa ya kasance ba a bayyana shi ba na dogon lokaci, kawai a cikin 1902 maimaita ramuka a Altamira ne ya iya tabbatar da lokacin ƙirƙirar zanen - Babban Paleolithic, bayan haka ne daga ƙarshe aka amince da iyalin Soutuola a matsayin masu gano fasahar wannan zamanin. Karatun rediyo ne ya tabbatar da ingancin hotunan, shekarunsu sun kai shekaru 16,500.
Wani zaɓi don ziyartar Kogon Altamira
Altamira yana cikin Sifen: 5 kilomita daga Santillana del Mar, sanannen sanannen tsarin gine-ginenta a cikin salon Gothic, da kuma kilomita 30 daga Santadera, cibiyar gudanarwa ta Cantabria. Hanya mafi sauki don zuwa can ita ce a cikin motar haya. Ba a ba da izinin yawon buɗe ido na yau da kullun kai tsaye cikin kogon kansa ba; layin baƙi waɗanda suka sami izini na musamman sun cika shekaru masu zuwa.
Amma, ta hanyar kwatankwacin sanannen kogon Lasko, a cikin 2001 an buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya kusa da mafi kyawun bayanin sake fasalin Babban Plafond da kuma hanyoyin da ke dab da su. An gabatar da hotuna da rubabbun zane-zane daga kogon Altamira a cikin gidajen adana kayan tarihi a Munich da Japan, diorama mai yawan gaske - a Madrid.
