Taj Mahal alama ce tabbatacciya ta madawwamiyar ƙauna, saboda an ƙirƙira ta ne saboda mace da ta mamaye zuciyar Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Mumtaz Mahal ita ce matarsa ta uku kuma ta mutu ta haifi ɗansu na goma sha huɗu. Don dawwamar da sunan ƙaunataccensa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, padishah ta yi tunanin babban aiki don gina mausoleum. Ginin ya ɗauki shekaru 22, amma a yau misali ne na jituwa a cikin fasaha, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu yawon buɗe ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya ke mafarkin ziyartar abin mamakin duniya.
Taj Mahal da gininsa
Don gina mafi girman mausoleum a duniya, padishah ya ɗauki sama da mutane 22,000 aiki daga ko'ina cikin daular da jihohin da ke kusa da ita. Mafi kyawun malamai sunyi aiki akan masallacin don kawo shi cikakke, suna lura da cikakkiyar daidaituwa bisa ga shirin sarki. Da farko dai, filin da aka shirya girka kabarin nasa mallakar Maharaja Jai Singh ne. Shah Jahan ya ba shi fada a cikin garin Agra don musayar yankin da ba kowa.
Da farko, an gudanar da aiki don shirya ƙasa. An tono yankin da ya wuce hectare a yankin, an maye gurbin ƙasa akan sa don kwanciyar hankali na ginin gaba. Tushen an haƙa rijiyoyi, waɗanda aka cika su da dutse. A yayin ginin, an yi amfani da farin marmara, wanda dole ne a yi safarar shi ba kawai daga sassa daban-daban na kasar ba, har ma daga jihohin makwabta. Don magance matsalar ta hanyar sufuri, ya zama dole a ƙirƙiri keken hawa na musamman, don tsara hawan hawa.
Kabarin da dandamalin da aka gina masa ne kawai aka gina kimanin shekaru 12, sauran abubuwan da ke tattare da hadadden an sake gina su a cikin wasu shekaru 10. A tsawon shekaru, tsarin da ke tafe ya bayyana:
- minarets;
- masallaci;
- javab;
- Babban ƙofa.
Daidai ne saboda irin wannan tsawan lokacin da rikice-rikice ke faruwa sau da yawa game da shekaru nawa aka gina Taj Mahal kuma wace shekara ce ake zaton lokacin kammala ginin ƙasa. Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 1632, kuma an kammala dukkan aikin a shekara ta 1653, mausoleum din kanta an riga an shirya tuni a shekarar 1643. Amma komai tsawon lokacin aikin, sakamakon haka, wani haikali mai ban mamaki mai tsayin mita 74 ya bayyana a Indiya, kewaye da lambuna tare da ban ruwa mai ban sha'awa da marmaro ...
Fasalin ginin Taj Mahal
Duk da cewa ginin yana da matukar mahimmanci ta fuskar al'adu, har yanzu babu wani ingantaccen bayani game da ainihin wanda ya fara ginin kabarin. Yayin da ake cikin aikin, an sami fitattun masu fasaha, an kirkiro Majalisar Aran gini, kuma duk shawarar da aka yanke ta zo ne kawai daga sarki. A cikin kafofin da yawa, an yi imanin cewa aikin don ƙirƙirar rukunin ya fito ne daga Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Gaskiya ne, yayin tattauna batun wanda ya gina lu'ulu'u na zane-zane, sunan Turk Isa Mohammed Efendi yakan bayyana sau da yawa.
Koyaya, babu matsala wanda ya gina gidan sarautar, tunda alama ce ta ƙawancen padishah, wanda ya nemi ƙirƙirar kabari na musamman wanda ya cancanci abokin rayuwarsa mai aminci. A saboda wannan dalili, an zaɓi farin marmara a matsayin abu, wanda ke nuna tsarkakewar ran Mumtaz Mahal. An kawata bangon kabarin da duwatsu masu daraja waɗanda aka shimfida a cikin hotuna masu ɗauke da hoto don isar da kyawawan kyaun matar sarki.
Yawancin salo sun haɗu a cikin gine-gine, daga cikinsu ana iya gano bayanan daga Farisa, Islama da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Babban fa'idodin hadaddun ana ɗaukarsu bene ne na dubawa, minarets masu tsayin mita 40, da kuma dome mai ban mamaki. Wani fasali na musamman na Taj Mahal shine amfani da tsinkayen gani. Don haka, alal misali, rubuce-rubuce daga Al-Kur'ani da aka rubuta tare da baka suna da girman girma iri ɗaya a cikin tsawan duka. A zahiri, haruffa da nisan dake tsakanin su a saman sun fi na ƙasan girma, amma mutum yana tafiya ciki baya ganin wannan bambancin.
Hasashen ba ya ƙarewa a nan, tunda kuna buƙatar kallon jan hankali a lokuta daban-daban na yini. Marmara daga abin da aka yi ta yana da haske, don haka yana da kyau fari da rana, a faɗuwar rana yana samun ruwan hoda, kuma da dare a ƙarƙashin hasken wata yana ba da azurfa.
A cikin tsarin gine-ginen addinin Islama, ba shi yiwuwa a yi ba tare da hotunan furanni ba, amma yadda gwanintar da aka ƙera ta wurin mosaics ba zai iya burge ta ba. Idan ka lura sosai, za ka ga duwatsu masu daraja da aka jingina su da 'yan santimita kaɗan. Ana samun irin waɗannan bayanai a ciki da waje, saboda ana tunanin duk mausoleum zuwa ƙaramin daki-daki.
Dukkanin tsarin suna nuna yanayin daidaiton yanayi a waje, saboda haka an kara wasu bayanai kawai dan kula da yanayin baki daya. Har ila yau cikin ciki yana da daidaito, amma tuni dangane da kabarin Mumtaz Mahal. Babban jituwa ta damu ne kawai da dutsen kabarin Shah Jahan kansa, wanda aka girka kusa da ƙaunataccensa bayan mutuwarsa. Kodayake babu damuwa ga masu yawon bude ido yadda yanayin fasalin yake a cikin farfajiyar, saboda an kawata shi sosai ta yadda idanuwa zasu karkata, kuma an bayar da wannan ne cewa masu yin barna sun wawure yawancin dukiyar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da Taj Mahal
Don ginin Taj Mahal, ya zama dole a girka gandun daji masu yawa, kuma an yanke shawarar amfani da wannan ba bamboo da aka saba da shi ba, amma tubali mai ƙarfi. Masu aikin da suka yi aiki a kan aikin sun yi iƙirarin cewa zai ɗauki shekaru kafin su wargaza tsarin da aka kirkira. Shah Jahan ya bi ta wata hanyar ya ba da sanarwar cewa duk wanda yake so yana iya ɗaukar tubali da yawa yadda za su iya ɗauka. A sakamakon haka, mazaunan garin suka wargaza tsarin a cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Labarin ya ci gaba da cewa bayan kammala ginin, sarki ya ba da umarnin fitar da idanuwa tare da datse hannayen dukkan maigidan da suka yi wata mu'ujiza ta yadda ba za su iya sake samar da irin wadannan abubuwa a wasu ayyukan ba. Kuma kodayake a waccan zamanin da yawa da gaske sun yi amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin, an yi imanin cewa wannan tatsuniya ce kawai, kuma padishah ta iyakance ga rubutaccen tabbacin cewa masu ginin ba za su ƙirƙiri makamancin makamancin wannan ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa ba su ƙare a wurin ba, saboda a gaban Taj Mahal ya kamata a kasance kabari ɗaya ne ga mai mulkin Indiya, amma an yi shi da baƙin marmara. An bayyana wannan a takaice a cikin takardun ɗan babban padishah, amma masana tarihi suna da niyyar gaskatawa cewa suna magana ne game da tunanin kabarin da ke akwai, wanda ya yi baƙar fata daga tafkin, wanda kuma ya tabbatar da sha'awar sarki game da rudu.
Muna ba da shawarar ganin Masallacin Sheikh Zayed.
Akwai takaddama cewa gidan kayan gargajiya zai iya rushewa saboda gaskiyar cewa Kogin Jamna ya zama mara zurfi a tsawon shekaru. Kwanan nan an sami fasa a bango, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa dalilin ya ta'allaka ne kawai a cikin kogin ba. Haikalin yana cikin birni, inda abubuwa daban-daban na muhalli suke tasiri. Sau ɗaya farin farin marmara yana ɗaukar launin rawaya, saboda haka sau da yawa dole a tsabtace shi da farin yumbu.
Ga waɗanda suke da sha'awar yadda ake fassara sunan rukunin, ya kamata a ce daga Farisanci yana nufin "mafi girman gidan sarauta". Koyaya, akwai ra'ayi cewa asirin yana cikin sunan zaɓaɓɓen ɗan sarkin Indiya. Sarki na gaba ya kasance yana kaunar dan uwan nasa tun ma kafin aure ya kira ta Mumtaz Mahal, ma'ana, Deawata Fadar Masarauta, kuma Taj, bi da bi, yana nufin “kambi”.
Lura ga masu yawon bude ido
Bai cancanci ambaton abin da babban kabarin ya shahara da shi ba, saboda an saka shi a cikin UNESCO a jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar shi Sabon Al'ajabi na Duniya. A lokacin balaguron, tabbas za su ba da labarin soyayya game da wanda aka gina haikalin don girmamawa, tare da ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin matakan ginin da bayyana asirin da garin yake akwai irin wannan tsarin.
Don ziyarci Taj Mahal, kuna buƙatar adreshi: a cikin garin Agra, kuna buƙatar zuwa Babbar Hanya ta Jiha 62, Tajganj, Uttar Pradesh. Ana ba da izinin hotuna a kan yankin haikalin, amma kawai tare da kayan aiki na yau da kullun, an haramta kayan aikin ƙwararru a nan. Gaskiya ne, yawancin yawon bude ido suna ɗaukar kyawawan hotuna a waje da hadadden, kawai kuna buƙatar sanin inda ɗakin kallo yake, daga inda ake buɗe ra'ayi daga sama. Taswirar birni galibi tana nuna daga inda zaka ga gidan sarauta kuma daga wane gefen ne buɗe kofar rukunin ta buɗe.
