Farin-dutse Rostov Kremlin ya san yawancin mazaunan ƙasarmu. A nan ne aka dauki hotuna daga shahararren fim din "Ivan Vasilyevich Ya Canza Sana'arsa". Kodayake wuraren wasan kwaikwayon tare da tsohuwar Moscow suna da Kremlin na Moscow, ana yin harbe-harben a cikin ɗakuna irin wannan da kuma rufe sassan Kremlin a cikin garin Rostov. Wannan birni yana cikin yankin Yaroslavl, wanda a da aka san shi da suna Rostov Mai Girma.
Tarihin ginin Rostov Kremlin
Har yanzu akwai muhawara kan ko ginin a Rostov yana da damar ɗaukar sunan hukuma "Kremlin". Irin waɗannan gine-ginen zamanin da, bisa ma'anar su, sunyi aikin kare kai. Dole ne a aiwatar da gine-ginensu bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke tsara tsayi da kaurin ganuwar, wurin da aka buɗe ƙofofi da hasumiyar tsaro. A Rostov Kremlin, da yawa daga cikin abubuwan basu cika ka'idojin kariya ba, amma sun taka rawar gani. Wannan halin ya taso daga farkon fara gini.
Gaskiyar ita ce, ba a yi tunanin ginin ba ne a matsayin sansanin tsaro, amma a matsayin gidan Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich, shugaban sashen bishop a Rostov. Vladyka da kansa ya kula da ci gaban aikin da tsarin aikin daga farawa zuwa ƙarshe.
Don haka a cikin 1670-1683, an gina farfajiyar birni (Bishop), tana kwaikwayon lambun Adnin na Littafi Mai-Tsarki tare da hasumiyoyi kewaye da kewayen da kuma kandami a tsakiya. Haka ne, akwai kuma wuraren ajiyar ruwa - an gina gine-ginen kusa da Kogin Nero, a kan tsauni, kuma an tona tafkunan roba a farfajiyar.
Farfajiyar tayi aiki a matsayin wurin zama da hidimar mafi girman ikon ruhaniya sama da ƙarni. A cikin 1787, bishof ɗin sun sake komawa Yaroslavl, kuma ginshiƙan gine-ginen, wanda ke cikin ɗakunan ajiya, a hankali ya faɗi cikin lalacewa. Malaman addini har ma a shirye suke su yi watsi da shi, amma 'yan kasuwar Rostov ba su ba da izinin lalata ba kuma a cikin 1860-1880 sun maido da shi.
Bayan wannan, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, sarkin Rasha na gaba, ya ɗauki Kotun Metropolitan ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa kuma ya fara buɗe gidan kayan tarihin a wurin. Rostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve an buɗe shi don ziyarta a cikin 1883. A yau wurin tarihi ne na al'adun Rasha.
Yanayin Rostov Kremlin na yanzu
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, maido da abubuwa da yawa na Rostov Kremlin an gudanar da su cikin himma. Wani wuri an riga an gama shi, don haka baƙi na iya ganin frescoes da aka maido, bango da abubuwan ciki. A wasu gine-gine da sifofi, ana shirin gyarawa har yanzu. Dukkanin rukunin gine-ginen gidan adana kayan tarihin ana daukar nauyin su ne daga kasafin kudin tarayya, ban da Assumption Cathedral, wanda mallakar Ikilisiyar Orthodox ne tun 1991.
Bayan bangon dutse tare da hasumiyoyi goma sha ɗaya akwai: ɗakunan tsoffin ɗakuna, majami'u, babban coci, hasumiyoyin ƙararrawa, gine-gine. Sun kasu kashi uku, kowane yanki yana da farfajiyar sa. Yankin tsakiyar shine farfajiyar Bishop wanda ke kewaye da majami'u tare da zama da kuma gine-gine. Bangaren Arewa - Babban Cathedral tare da Cathedral Assumption. Yankin Kudu - Lambun Metropolitan tare da kandami.
Me za a gani a cikin Kremlin?
Yawon shakatawa a kewayen Rostov Kremlin suna nan ga kowa. Wasu gine-gine suna da 'yanci don shiga, amma yawancin nune-nunen da wurare ana iya ziyarta bayan siyan tikitin shiga. Yawon shakatawa masu zuwa suna cikin buƙatu mafi girma tsakanin baƙon gari:
- Asshed Cathedral... An gina cocin mai dunkulale-sau biyar a 1512 a kan ragowar Leontief kogon gefen-bagade, wanda har yanzu yake da kayayyakin tarihin St. Leonty, Bishop na Rostov da Suzdal. A cikin wannan ɗakin sujada a cikin 1314, an yi wa jariri baftisma, wanda daga baya ya zama Sergius na Radonezh. Ba a sake aiwatar da sake gina haikalin gaba daya ba, frescoes an adana su ta wani ɓangare. Haikalin yana aiki, a cikin gine-gine yana kama da Cathedral Assumption a cikin Moscow. Admission kyauta ne, kyauta, ta cikin Cathedral Square.
- Belfry... An gina hasumiyar kararrawa a 1687. Duk karrarawa 15 an kiyaye su a cikakkiyar asalin su. Babbar kararrawa a kan belfry ita ce "Sysoi", tana da nauyin tan 32, "Polyeleos" - tan 16. Sauran kararrawar ba su da nauyi; sunayensu na asali ne: "Awaki", "Ram", "Yunwa", "Swan". An biya hawan hasumiyar, amma ba a ba baƙi izinin yin kararrawa ba. Shagon kyauta na kayayyakin goge-goge wanda yake a ƙasan ginin. A cikin belfry kanta Cocin Shiga cikin Urushalima.
- Cocin tashin matattu (wayofar Kofa)... An gina shi a kusa da 1670 a kan ƙofofi biyu, tafiya da masu tafiya, waɗanda ke buɗe hanyar zuwa kotun Bishop. Lokacin wucewa ta ƙofar, sukan sayi tikiti don ziyartar Kotun Bishops da majami'unta.
- Gida a cikin ɗakunan ajiya... Wani tsohon gidan zama ne, a kasan bene wanda akwai cellar gida. Yanzu "House on Cellars" ya zama otal mai suna iri ɗaya, inda duk wanda ke son kwana a cikin iyakokin Rostov Kremlin ya tsaya. Matsayin ta'aziyya a otal ɗin ba mai girma bane, amma baƙi suna da damar yin yawo a cikin Kremlin mara komai, kuma da safe - tashi zuwa kararrawa.
- Lamarin birni... Bayanin Rostov Kremlin ba zai cika ba tare da ambaton wannan kusurwar hutun ba. Kuna iya tafiya a cikin lambun, shakatawa a kan benci. Lambun yana da kyau musamman a lokacin bazara, lokacin da bishiyoyin apple da sauran bishiyoyi ke yin furanni.
Abubuwan da ke sama sune sanannun balaguron balaguro akan yankin Rostov Kremlin. Kar ka manta da ɗaukar hotonku ko kayan aikin bidiyo don ɗaukar ra'ayoyin tsoffin rukunin gine-ginen da ɗaukar hotunanku a bayan bayanan abubuwan tunawa da fim ɗin daga Leonid Gaidai.
Informationarin bayani game da Kremlin
Gidan buɗe ido na ajiye kayan tarihi: daga 10:00 zuwa 17:00 duk tsawon shekara (banda 1 ga Janairu). Ana yin tafiye-tafiye tare da bango da hanyoyin Kremlin ne kawai a lokacin dumi, daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba.
Adireshin gidan kayan gargajiya: Yankin Yaroslavl, garin Rostov (bayanin kula, wannan ba yankin Rostov bane). Daga tashar bas ko tashar jirgin ƙasa, hanyar zuwa Kremlin tana ɗaukar mintuna 10-15 a ƙafa. Ana iya ganin hasumiyoyinta da kyawawan mulkoki daga kowane yanki na Rostov, saboda haka abu ne mai wuya a rasa hanya. Bugu da kari, duk wani mazaunin birni cikin sauki zai iya fada maka inda babban abin birni yake.
A ofisoshin tikiti na Museum-Reserve, zaku iya siyan tikitin daban don ziyartar gini ɗaya ko baje kolin, da tikiti ɗaya "Mallaka tare da bangon Kremlin". Farashin farashi na mutum yayi ƙasa, daga 30 zuwa 70 rubles.
Muna ba da shawarar duba Kremlin na Tobolsk.
Taron karawa juna sani kan kararrawar kararrawa, kan sanya katunan gidan adana kayan tarihi, kan zanen Rostov enamel daga 150 zuwa 200 rubles.
An buɗe otal ɗin "House on Cellars", inda masu yawon buɗe ido ke tsayawa kowane lokaci, daga dare ɗaya zuwa kwanaki da yawa. An tsara ɗakuna da keɓaɓɓun wurare don mutum ɗaya zuwa uku. Ana bayar da abinci a cikin gidan cin abinci na Sobranie, a buɗe ga duk masu zuwa a cikin gidan Red Chamber. Gidan abincin yana ba da abinci irin na Rasha, gami da kifi da nama. Zai yiwu a yi odar liyafa a gidan cin abinci na Kremlin don bikin aure ko ranar tunawa.
