Mary I Tudor (1516-1558) - sarauniyar Ingila ta farko da ta sami sarauta, babbar 'yar Henry 8 da Catherine ta Aragon. Har ila yau an san shi da laƙabi Maryama mai jini (Maryamu mai jini) da Maria Katolika... A cikin karrama ta, ba a kafa wata alama ta tarihi a mahaifarta ba.
Sunan wannan sarauniyar yana da alaƙa da mummunan kisan gilla. Ranar mutuwarta (kuma a lokaci guda ranar hawan gadon sarautar Elizabeth 1) an yi bikin a jihar a matsayin ranar hutu ta ƙasa.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin rayuwar Mary Tudor, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Mary I Tudor.
Tarihin rayuwar Mary Tudor
An haifi Mary Tudor a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1516 a Greenwich. Ta kasance yarinya da aka daɗe ana jira tare da iyayenta, tun da yake duk yaran da suka gabata na sarkin Ingila Henry 8 da matarsa Catherine na Aragon sun mutu a cikin mahaifar, ko kuma nan da nan bayan haihuwa.
Yarinyar ta bambanta da mutunci da nauyinta, sakamakon haka ta mai da hankali sosai ga karatun ta. Godiya ga waɗannan halayen, Maria ta ƙware da harsunan Girka da Latin, kuma ta yi rawa da kyau kuma suna kaɗa kayan kiɗa.
Yayinda yake matashi, Tudor yana son karanta littattafan Kirista. A wannan lokaci na tarihinta, ta yi karatun doki da fallon dawakai. Da yake Maryamu ita kaɗai ce mahaifinta, mahaifinta ne ya kamata ta wuce karagar mulki.
A 1519, yarinyar zata iya rasa wannan haƙƙin, tunda uwar gidan sarki, Elizabeth Blount, ta haifa masa ɗa, Henry. Kuma kodayake an haife yaron ba tare da aure ba, amma duk da haka yana da asalin sarauta, sakamakon haka aka sanya masa 'yan rakiya tare da ba shi taken daidai.
Hukumar gudanarwa
Bayan wani lokaci, sarki ya fara tunani game da wanda ya kamata ya miƙa mulki. A sakamakon haka, ya yanke shawarar sanya Maryamu Gimbiya ta Wales. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a wancan lokacin Wales ba ta cikin ɓangaren Ingila, amma tana ƙarƙashinta.
A cikin 1525, Mary Tudor ta zauna a cikin sabon yankinta, tare da manyan ma'aikata. Ta kasance mai kula da adalci da aiwatar da al'amuran bukukuwa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a wannan lokacin ta kasance kawai 9 shekaru.
Bayan shekaru 2, manyan canje-canje sun faru waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai game da tarihin Tudor. Bayan doguwar aure, Henry ya warware dangantakarsa da Catherine, sakamakon haka aka amince da Maryama kai tsaye a matsayin ɗiyar da ba ta cikin shege, wanda ya yi mata barazanar rasa haƙƙinta na sarauta.
Koyaya, matar da aka yi wa laifi ba ta amince da auren ƙarya ba. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa sarki ya fara yi wa Catherine barazana da hana ganin ɗiyarta. Rayuwar Maryama ta kara tabarbarewa lokacin da mahaifinta ya sami sabbin mata.
Theauna na farko na Henry 8 ita ce Anne Boleyn, wacce ta haifa masa yarinya mai suna Elizabeth. Amma da masarautar ta sami labarin cin amanar Anna, sai ya ba da umarnin a kashe ta.
Bayan haka, ya auri mai cikakkiyar biyayya Jane Seymour. Ita ce ta haifa da ɗa na halatta na mijinta, tana mutuwa sakamakon rikitarwa bayan haihuwa.
Matan da ke gaba da mai mulkin Ingilishi su ne Anna Klevskaya, Catherine Howard da Catherine Parr. Tare da dan uwan uba, Edward, wanda ya hau gadon sarauta yana da shekara 9, Maryamu a yanzu ita ce ta biyu da za ta fafata da kujerar.
Yaron ba shi da cikakkiyar lafiya, don haka masu mulkin sa suka ji tsoron cewa idan Mary Tudor ta yi aure, za ta yi amfani da dukkan ƙarfinta don kifar da Edward. Bayin sun juya saurayin baya kan 'yar uwarsa kuma abin da ya jawo hakan shi ne yadda yarinyar ta nuna himma ga Katolika, yayin da Edward dan Furotesta ne.
Af, saboda wannan dalilin ne ya sa Tudor ya sami laƙabi - Maryamu Katolika. A shekarar 1553, Edward ya kamu da cutar tarin fuka, daga nan ne ya mutu. A jajibirin mutuwarsa, ya sanya hannu kan wata doka wacce Jane Gray na gidan Tudor ya zama magajinsa.
A sakamakon haka, an hana Maria da 'yar uwarta ta uba, Elizabeth, haƙƙin sarauta. Amma lokacin da Jane mai shekaru 16 ta zama shugabar kasa, ba ta da wani tallafi daga talakawanta.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin kwanaki 9 kacal aka cire ta daga kursiyin, kuma Mary Tudor ta maye gurbin ta. Sabuwar zababbiyar sarauniyar dole tayi mulkin wata baƙuwar da ta lalace sosai a hannun magabata, waɗanda suka wawashe baitulmalin kuma suka lalata fiye da rabin gidajen ibada.
Masu rubutun tarihin Maria sun bayyana ta da cewa ba mugunta ba ce. Hakan ya sa ta zama irin ta yanayin da ke buƙatar tsauraran matakai. A cikin watanni 6 na farko a kan mulki, ta kashe Jane Gray da wasu dangin ta.
A lokaci guda, da farko sarauniyar ta so ta yi afuwa ga duk wanda aka yanke wa hukunci, amma bayan tawayen Wyatt a 1554, ba za ta iya yin wannan ba. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa na tarihinta, Maria Tudor ta sake gina coci-coci da gidajen ibada, tana yin duk mai yuwuwa don farkawa da ci gaban Katolika.
A lokaci guda, a umarninta, an kashe Furotesta da yawa. Kimanin mutane 300 aka ƙone a kan gungumen azaba. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, hatta waɗanda suka, fuskantar wutar, suka yarda su sauya zuwa Katolika ba za su iya fatan rahama ba.
Saboda wannan da wasu dalilai, aka fara kiran sarauniyar - Maryamu mai jini ko Maryama mai jini.
Rayuwar mutum
Iyaye sun zaɓi ango ga Maria lokacin da take ɗan shekara 2 kawai. Heinrich ya amince da maganar ɗiyarsa tare da ɗan Francis 1, amma daga baya aka daina ba da auren.
Shekaru 4 bayan haka, mahaifin ya sake yin shawarwarin auren yarinyar tare da Mai Alfarma Sarkin Rome Charles 5 na Habsburg, wanda ya girmi Mariya shekaru 16. Amma lokacin da, a cikin 1527, sarkin Ingilishi ya sake yin tunani game da Rome, tausayinsa ga Charles ya ɓace.
Henry ya shirya ya auri ɗiyarsa ga ɗayan manyan masarauta na Faransa, wanda zai iya zama Francis 1 ko ɗansa.
Koyaya, lokacin da mahaifin ya yanke shawarar barin mahaifiyar Mariya, komai ya canza. A sakamakon haka, yarinyar ta kasance ba ta da aure har zuwa mutuwar sarki. Af, a wancan lokacin ta riga ta cika shekaru 31 da haihuwa.
A shekarar 1554, Tudor ta auri sarkin Spain Philip 2. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa ta girmi ɗayan shekaru 12. Yara a cikin wannan ƙungiyar ba a taɓa haifa ba. Mutanen ba su son Filibbus saboda girman kansa da girman kansa.
Wakilan da suka zo tare sun nuna halin rashin cancanta. Wannan ya haifar da rikici na jini tsakanin Birtaniyya da Spaniards a kan tituna. Filibus bai ɓoye cewa ba ya son Maryamu ba.
Mutanen Spain sun yi sha'awar 'yar'uwar matarsa, Elizabeth Tudor. Ya yi fatan cewa tsawon lokaci kursiyin zai wuce zuwa gare ta, a sakamakon hakan ya ci gaba da dangantakar abokantaka da yarinyar.
Mutuwa
A shekara ta 1557 wani zazzabi mai saurin kisa wanda ya kashe mutane da yawa ya haɗiye Turai. A lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, Maria ma ta kamu da zazzabi bayan ta fahimci cewa da wuya ta rayu.
Sarauniyar ta damu matuka game da makomar jihar, don haka ba tare da bata lokaci ba wajen fito da wata takarda da ta tauye wa Philip 'yancinsa daga Ingila. Ta sanya 'yar uwarta Elizabeth ta gaje ta, duk da cewa a lokacin rayuwarsu suna yawan rikici.
Mary Tudor ta mutu a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1558 tana da shekara 42. Dalilin mutuwarta zazzabi ne, wanda matar ba ta iya murmurewa daga gare ta.
Maryamu Tudor ce ta ɗauki hoto
