Shahararren Dutsen Rushmore wata alama ce ta kasa wacce take a cikin jihar Dakota ta Kudu, wanda aka sassaka fuskokin shugabannin Amurka guda hudu: Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson.
Kowannensu yayi ƙoƙari sosai don ci gaban Amurka, don haka aka yanke shawarar gina irin wannan asalin abin tarihi a cikin dutsen don girmama su. Tabbas, kowa ya ga hoton wannan aikin zane-zane na zane-zane ko tunani game da shi a fina-finai. 'Yan yawon bude ido miliyan 2 suna zuwa wurinsa kowace shekara don kallon alama ta musamman ta Amurka.
Ginin Tunawa da Mount Rushmore
Ginin abin tunawa ya fara ne a 1927 tare da goyon bayan attajirin ɗan kasuwa Charles Rushmore, wanda ya ware dala 5,000 - a wancan lokacin kuɗi ne mai yawa. A zahiri, an sa sunan dutsen domin girmamawa saboda karimcinsa.
Idan kuna mamakin wanda ke gina abin tunawa, to mutumin Amurka ne mai suna John Gutzon Borglum. Koyaya, ainihin tunanin gina manyan ayyukan 4 na John Robinson ne, wanda da farko ya so fuskokin samari da Indiyawa a kan dutsen, amma Borglum ya sami damar shawo kansa ya kwatanta shugabannin. An kammala aikin gini a 1941.
Muna baka shawara ka kalli Dutsen Ararat.
Kowace rana, ma'aikata suna hawa matakai 506 don hawa zuwa saman dutsen. An yi amfani da abubuwan fashewa don cire manyan dutsen. A lokacin aiki, an cire kimanin tan dubu 360 na dutsen. An yanke kawunan kansu da jackhammers.
Ma’aikata 400 suka kwashe shekaru 14 suna zane kawuna 4 a kan Dutsen Rushmore, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 18, kuma jimillar abin tunawa ya kai kadada 517. Abin takaici ne matuka cewa mai sassakar ya kasa ganin fasalin halittar sa da idanun sa, tunda ya mutu jim kadan, kuma dan sa ya kammala ginin.
Me yasa daidai wadannan shugabannin?
Mai sassaka Gutzon Borglum, ya kirkiri abin tunawa, "ya aza" wata ma'ana mai zurfi a ciki - yana so ya tunatar da mutane mahimman dokoki, ba tare da babu wata al'umma mai wayewa ba. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin ne da ƙa'idodi waɗanda sarakunan Amurka suka jagoranta a zamaninsu, wanda aka zana akan dutsen.
Thomas Jefferson shine mahaliccin Sanarwar 'Yanci. George Washington ba shi da rai saboda sanya al'ummar Amurka dimokiradiyya. Abraham Lincoln ya sami damar kawar da bautar a Amurka. Theodore Roosevelt ya gina mashigar ruwa ta Panama, wanda ya inganta tattalin arzikin ƙasar sosai kuma ya samar da kyakkyawan yanayin ci gaban kasuwanci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Mazaunan ƙabilar Indiya da ake kira Lakota suna zaune kusa da Dutsen Rushmore kuma suna ɗaukar shi a matsayin wuri mai tsarki. Amma sun dauki ginin abin tunawa a matsayin barna.
- An ƙirƙiri wani abin tunawa a nan kusa, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga shugaban Indiyawa mai suna Mad Horse.
- An yi fina-finai da yawa kusa da dutsen, daga cikinsu shahararrun su ne: "Arewa ta Arewa maso Yamma", "Superman 2", "Taskar Kasa: Littafin Sirri".
Yadda ake zuwa Dutsen Rushmore
Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da abin tunawa (a nesa na kilomita 36) shine filin jirgin sama a cikin Rapid City. Babu motocin safa da ke gudu daga birni zuwa sassaka, don haka kuna buƙatar yin hayan mota ko shinge. Hanyar da take kaiwa zuwa dutsen ana kiranta Highway 16A, wanda kuma yana kaiwa zuwa Highway 244, wanda ke kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa wurin tunawa. Hakanan zaka iya zuwa Babbar Hanya 244 ta U.S.16 Expressway.
