Harufa abune mabudin ilimi. Karatun haruffa, munyi matakin farko da kuma matuka zuwa ga sanannun tsari game da kimiyya da al'adu, mun sami kayan aikin da baza'a iya maye gurbin su ba don samun sabon ilimi.
An yi imanin cewa farkon haruffa sun bayyana a karni na 13 BC. e., lokacin da Phoeniciyanci suka yanke hukunci daga alamu masu nuna kalmomi zuwa alamun dake nuna sauti. Kusan dukkan haruffan da suke akwai zuriyar rubutun Phoeniciya ne ko Kan'aniyawa. A cikin haruffan Phoenicia, haruffa an ware baƙaƙe kawai kuma akwai wadatattun su. Koyaya, koda a cikin Rashanci na zamani, yawancin rubutu zasu kasance masu fahimta idan an rubuta su ne kawai da haruffa.
Za'a iya gano tarihin haruffan Rasha a sarari sosai. Ya fito ne daga haruffan Cyrillic na Bulgaria, wanda Cyril da Methodius suka saba da shi a hankali, na farko zuwa Tsohon Harshen Slavonic, sannan kuma ga Tsohon Rashanci. Haruffan Rashanci ya haɓaka azaman kwayar halitta - sabbin haruffa sun bayyana, wasu da ba safai ake amfani da su ba ko kuma waɗanda ba dole ba ne suka ɓace. Nau'in yanzu na harafin Rashanci na iya kwanan wata zuwa 1942. Sannan amfani da harafin "ё" ya zama tilas, a jere, a cikin haruffa akwai haruffa 33.
Anan ga wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da haruffan Rasha:
1. Haruffan Cyrillic suna da haruffa 49. A hankali, lambar su ta ragu zuwa 32, sannan kuma suka ƙara girma kaɗan saboda “e”.
2. Mafi yawanci ana amfani da harafin “o” a cikin Rasha. Harafin mafi ƙarancin rubutu a cikin rubutun Rashanci alama ce mai wahala.
3. Harafin “o” ya girmi duka haruffa shekara 2,000. Ana amfani dashi sau 8 a cikin kalmar “damar kariya”.
4. Harafin "y" yana ɗaukar wuri mafi girma na 23 cikin 33 a yawan amfani da shi, amma kalmomi 74 ne kawai suka fara da shi.
5. Babu kalmomi cikin yaren Rasha da farawa da alamu masu taushi da wuya da "s".
6. Harafin "f" ya fito ne kawai cikin kalmomin asalin ƙasar waje.
7. Peter I, da sake fasalin rubutun, cire haruffan "xi", "omega" da "psi" daga haruffa. Sarkin ya so ya cire ƙarin wasiƙu huɗu da duk rubuce-rubucen rubutu, amma adawar firistocin ta yi ƙarfi sosai har ma an tilasta wa Bitrus ja da baya. Daga baya Lomonosov ya kira kawo sauyi na Peter I tufafin wasiƙa daga rigunan ɗumbin hunturu zuwa tufafin bazara.
8. Harafin "ё" an ƙirƙira shi ne a shekarar 1783, amma daga ƙarshe an haɗa shi a cikin haruffa kawai bayan ƙarni da rabi. Sunan mahaifin jarumi "Anna Karenina" shine "Levin". A cikin Levin ma'aikatan bugawa sun sake masa suna. Koyaya, daga baya Andrei Bely da Maria Tsvetaeva ba su yi amfani da wannan wasiƙar a ƙa'ida ba. A cikin 1956 an sake yin zaɓi. A Intanet ta Rasha, muhawara mai zafi game da "yo" ba ta ragu ba har zuwa 2010.
9. Tabbatacciyar alama kuma yanzu ba ita ce wasiƙa mafi sauƙi don amfani ba, kuma kafin sake fasalin 1918, wanda ya gabace shi, wanda ake kira "er", shine ginshiƙin karatu da karatu. Dole ne a sanya shi bisa ga ƙa'idodi na musamman a ƙarshen kalmomi (amma ba duka ba) yana ƙare da baƙi. Akwai "ers" sama da 50 a kusan kowane shafin littafi. Duk "zamanin" da aka kwafa daga "Yaƙi da Zaman Lafiya" zasu ɗauki shafuka 70.
10. Yayin gyare-gyare na 1918, an cire haruffa biyu na ƙarshe daga alphabet, kuma na ƙarshe shine "I". A wasu yankuna, an fassara sake fasalin kamar haka: "Bolsheviks sun sanya cancantar mutum a wuri na ƙarshe."
11. Cire harafin "mur" daga haruffa an kuma fassara shi a cikin hanyar da ta dace - sabuwar gwamnati ta ƙi shafa wa Orthodox.
12. Haruffan Cyrillic sun dogara ne da haruffan Girka, don haka tsarin haruffa yayi kamanceceniya a cikin baƙaƙen Rashanci da Girkanci. Tare da haruffa masu nuna sautunan da ba na Girkanci ba, Cyril da Methodius sun yi aiki da sauƙi da ma'ana - sun sanya su a gaban Girkanci mafi kama ("b" kafin "c", "g" kafin "z"), ko sanya su a ƙarshen jerin ...
13. Ban da raka'o'in da aka kidaya, duk kalmomin da suka fara da "a" aro ne. Misali, "alphabet" Amma kalmar "alphabet" 'yar asalin Rasha ce.
14. Sanannen marubucin Alexander Solzhenitsyn tuni a cikin 1970s ya ba da shawarar komawa "yat" da "er" zuwa haruffan Rasha.
15. Harafin "e" ya bayyana a cikin haruffa bayan aron kalmomin waje tare da daidaitaccen sauti. Kafin haka, babu bukatar hakan. Ko a yanzu, da kalmomi da yawa, musamman a ƙarshen, an maye gurbinsa da "e", misali, "pince-nez".
