A cikin tarihin ɗan adam, babu mutane da yawa waɗanda wanda zai iya cewa da ma'ana: “Ya canza duniya”. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934 - 1968) bai kasance mai mulkin daula ba, shugaban sojoji ko mai martaba a coci (“Don Allah, kar ku gaya wa kowa cewa ba ku ga Allah a sarari ba” - Paparoma John XXIII a wata ganawa da Gagarin). Amma jirgin wani saurayi dan Soviet zuwa sararin samaniya ya zama ruwa ga bil'adama. Daga nan sai ya zama kamar sabon zamani ya fara a tarihin ɗan adam. Don sadarwa tare da Gagarin ɗaukakar girmamawa ce ba ta miliyoyin talakawa kawai ba, har ma da masu iko na wannan duniyar: sarakuna da shugaban ƙasa, attajirai da janar-janar.
Abun takaici, shekaru 40 - 50 kacal bayan tashin cosmonaut na 1, burin dan adam zuwa sararin samaniya ya kusan bacewa. An ƙaddamar da tauraron ɗan adam, ana yin jirage na mutane, amma zuciyar miliyoyin ba ta taɓa sababbin jirage zuwa sararin samaniya ba, amma ta sababbin ƙirar iPhones. Amma duk da haka tasirin Yuri Gagarin, rayuwarsa da halayensa suna cikin tarihi har abada.
1. Iyalin Gagarin suna da yara huɗu. Yura shine na uku a cikin manyan shekaru. Dattawan biyu - Valentina da Zoya - Jamusawa ne suka kai su Jamus. Dukansu sun yi sa'ar dawowa gida ba tare da cutarwa ba, amma babu wani dan Gagarin da yake son tuna shekarun yakin.
2. Yura ya kammala karatu a makarantar shekaru bakwai a cikin Moscow, sannan ya kammala karatu a makarantar koyon fasaha a Saratov. Kuma da ya kasance ma'abocin ƙarfe ne, idan ba don ƙungiyar tashi ba. Gagarin ya yi rashin lafiya tare da sama. Ya gama karatunsa da kyawawan maki kuma ya sami damar tashi sama da awanni 40. Dan wasan motsa jiki mai irin wannan damar yana da hanyar kai tsaye zuwa jirgin sama.
3. A makarantar tukin jirgi Gagarin, duk da kyakyawan sakamako a dukkan fannoni, Yuri na gab da korar sa - bai iya koyon yadda ake saukar da jirgin sama ba. Ya zo wurin shugaban makarantar, Manjo Janar Vasily Makarov, kuma shi kaɗai ya fahimci cewa ƙaramin girman Gagarin (165 cm) yana hana shi “jin” ƙasa. An gyara komai ta wurin abin ɗorawa akan kujerar.
4. Gagarin shine farkon, amma ba cosmonaut na ƙarshe da yayi karatu a Makarantar jirgin sama ta Chkalovsk. Bayan shi, wasu ƙarin masu digiri na uku na wannan ma'aikata sun hau sararin samaniya: Valentin Lebedev, Alexander Viktorenko da Yuri Lonchakov.
5. A Orenburg, Yuri ya sami abokin rayuwa. Matukin jirgin mai shekaru 23 da Valentina Goryacheva mai shekara 22 sun yi aure a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1957. A 1959, aka haifi 'yarsu Lena. Kuma wata daya kafin jirgin zuwa sararin samaniya, lokacin da dangin ke zaune a yankin Moscow, Yuri ya zama uba a karo na biyu - an haifi Galina Gagarina a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1961.
6. Duk lokacin da zai yiwu, Gagarin yakan kai 'ya'yansa mata manyansu waje don motsa jikin safe. A lokaci guda, ya kuma kira kofofin maƙwabta, yana kira da su shiga. Koyaya, Gagarins suna zaune a cikin gidan yanki, kuma ba lallai ba ne ya tilasta mazauna su caje.
7. Valentina Gagarina yanzu tayi ritaya. Elena ita ce shugabar gidan adana kayan tarihi ta Moscow Kremlin, Galina farfesa ce, shugabar wani sashe a daya daga cikin jami’o’in Moscow.
8. Gagarin ya shiga cikin rundunar cosmonaut a ranar 3 ga Maris, kuma ya fara horo a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1961 - kusan daidai shekara guda kafin jirgin zuwa sararin samaniya.
9. A cikin mutane shida masu neman taken cosmonaut No. 1, biyar sun tashi zuwa sararin samaniya ba dade ko ba dade. Grigory Nelyubin, wanda ya karɓi takardar shaidar ɗan sama jannati na lamba 3, an kore shi daga ƙungiyar saboda buguwa da rikici da masu sintiri. A shekarar 1966, ya kashe kansa ta hanyar jefa kansa karkashin jirgin kasa.
10. Babban ma'aunin zabi shine ci gaban jiki. Dan saman jannatin ya kasance mai karfi, amma karami - ana bukatar hakan ta girman girman kumbon. Na gaba ya sami kwanciyar hankali. Laya, bangaranci, da sauransu sune ka'idoji na biyu.
11. Yuri Gagarin tun ma kafin a sanya jirgin sama bisa hukuma a matsayin kwamandan rundunar ba da agaji.
12. Wani kwamiti na musamman na jihohi ne ya zabi dan takarar cosmonaut na farko. Amma jefa kuri'a tsakanin rundunar ta nuna cewa Gagarin shine dan takarar da yafi cancanta.
13. Matsaloli cikin aiwatar da shirin sararin samaniya sun koyawa kwararru shiryawa don mafi munin yanayi yayin shirya jirage. Don haka, don TASS sun shirya matani na saƙonni daban-daban guda uku game da jirgin Gagarin, kuma cosmonaut da kansa ya rubuta wasiƙar ban kwana ga matarsa.
14. Yayin jirgin, wanda ya dauki awa daya da rabi, Gagarin ya damu sau uku, kuma a matakin karshe na sararin samaniya. Da farko, tsarin taka birki bai rage saurin zuwa darajar da ake so ba, kuma jirgin ya fara juyawa da sauri kafin ya shiga yanayi. Sannan Gagarin ya ji tsoro daga ganin kwandon jirgi na waje yana konewa a sararin samaniya - karfe ne a zahiri ya bi ta windows, kuma motar da ke sauka kanta kanta ta fashe da kyau. A ƙarshe, bayan fitarwa, bawul ɗin shigar da iska na kwat da wando bai buɗe ba - zai zama abin kunya, tun da ya hau sararin samaniya, don shaƙa kusa da Duniya kanta. Amma komai yayi aiki - kusa da Duniya, matsin yanayi ya karu, kuma bawul din yayi aiki.
15. Gagarin da kansa ya ba da rahoto ta wayar tarho game da nasarar saukarsa - masu harba jirgin sama daga rundunar tsaro ta iska, wadanda suka gano motar ta sauka, ba su da masaniya game da jirgin sararin samaniya, kuma sun yanke shawarar fara gano abin da ya fado, sannan su kawo rahoto. Bayan sun sami abin hawa (cosmonaut da capsule sun sauka daban), ba da daɗewa ba suma suka sami Gagarin. Mazauna yankin sune farkon waɗanda suka sami cosmonaut # 1.
16. Yankin da cosmonaut na farko ya sauka mallakar na budurwa ne da kuma filaye, saboda haka kyautar Gagarin ta farko a hukumance itace lambar ci gaban su. An kirkiro wata al'ada bisa ga abin da yawancin cosmonauts suka fara ba da lambar yabo "Don ci gaban budurwa da filayen faduwa".
17. Yuri Levitan, wanda ya karanta sakon yadda jirgin Gagarin ya tashi a rediyo, ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa cewa motsin ransa ya yi daidai da yadda ya ji a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1945 - da kyar gogaggen mai sanarwa yake iya rike hawaye. Ya kamata a tuna cewa yakin ya ƙare shekaru 16 kawai kafin jirgin Gagarin. Mutane da yawa suna tuna cewa lokacin da suka ji muryar Levitan a wajen lokutan makaranta, sai su yi tunanin kai tsaye: "Yaƙi!"
18. Kafin jirgin, masu gudanarwar basuyi tunani akan shagulgula masu girma ba - akwai, kamar yadda suke fada, babu lokacin kitse, idan an riga an shirya sakon TASS na makoki. Amma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, sanarwar jirgin saman sararin samaniya ta farko ta haifar da irin wannan fashewar ta murna a duk fadin kasar cewa ya zama dole a shirya cikin gaggawa duka taron Gagarin a Vnukovo da kuma taro a Red Square. Abin farin ciki, an yi aiki da tsari yayin tarurrukan wakilan ƙasashen waje.
19. Bayan tashin jirgin, cosmonaut na farko ya zagaya kusan kasashe dozin uku. Duk inda aka sadu dashi da maraba sosai da kuma ruwan sama na kyaututtuka da abubuwan tunawa. A yayin wadannan tafiye-tafiyen, Gagarin ya sake tabbatar da daidaituwar zaɓen takararsa. Duk inda ya yi daidai kuma da mutunci, har ma ya fi daɗin mutanen da suka gan shi.
20. Baya ga taken Jarumi na Tarayyar Soviet, Gagarin ya sami taken Jarumin kwadago a Czechoslovakia, Vietnam da Bulgaria. Hakanan cosmonaut ya zama ɗan ƙasa mai daraja na ƙasashe biyar.
21. Yayin tafiyar Gagarin zuwa Indiya, ayarin motocinsa sun tsaya na tsawan sama da sa'a guda a kan hanya saboda saniya mai alfarma kan huta a kan hanya. Daruruwan mutane suna tsaye a kan hanya, kuma babu hanyar da za su bi dabbar. Gagarin sake kallon agogon nasa, ya nuna farin ciki sosai cewa ya zagaya Duniya da sauri.
22. Kasancewar ya ɗan ɓace a yayin rangadin ƙasashen waje, Gagarin ya dawo da shi da zarar jirgin saman sararin samaniya ya bayyana. A cikin 1967, ya fara tashi da kansa a cikin MiG-17, sannan kuma ya yanke shawarar dawo da cancantar mayaƙin.
23. Yuri Gagarin yayi jirgin sa na karshe a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1968. Ita da malamin nata, Kanar Vladimir Seryogin, sun yi jirgin horo na yau da kullun. Horarwar su ta MiG ta fado a yankin Vladimir. Dangane da fasalin hukuma, matukan jirgin sun yi kuskuren hango girgijen kuma sun fita daga shi kusa da kasa, ba tare da samun lokacin fitar ba. Gagarin da Sergeev suna cikin koshin lafiya da nutsuwa.
24. Bayan mutuwar Yuri Gagarin, an ayyana makoki na ƙasa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A wancan lokacin, shi ne makoki na farko na kasa a tarihin USSR, wanda ba a bayyana dangane da mutuwar shugaban kasa ba.
25. A cikin 2011, don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 da tashiwar Yuri Gagarin, an fara ba wa kumbon sararin samaniya sunan da ya dace - "Soyuz TMA-21" an sanya masa suna "Gagarin".
