Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - Masanin kimiyyar Rasha-masanin halitta, masanin falsafa, masanin ilmin halitta, masanin ma'adinai da jama'a. Malami na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Yukren, haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kirkiro ilimin kimiyyar nazarin halittu. Fitaccen wakili na kwaminisanci na Rasha.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tuna da tarihin Vladimir Vernadsky, tare da abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa daga rayuwar masanin kimiyya.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Vernadsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Vernadsky
An haifi Vladimir Vernadsky a 1863 a St. Petersburg. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin gidan jami'in Cossack Ivan Vasilyevich.
A lokacin haihuwar ɗansa, Vernadsky Sr. ya koyar da ilimin tattalin arziki a jami'a, kasancewar yana cikin matsayin cikakken ɗan majalisar jihar.
Mahaifiyar Vladimir, Anna Petrovna, ta fito ne daga dangi masu daraja. Bayan lokaci, dangin suka koma Kharkov, wanda shine ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin kimiyya da al'adu a Rasha.
Yara da samari
Vernadsky yayi shekarun yarintarsa (1868-1875) a Poltava da Kharkov. A 1868, saboda rashin kyawun yanayi na St. Petersburg, dangin Vernadsky sun ƙaura zuwa Kharkov - ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin kimiyya da al'adu na Daular Rasha.
Yayinda yake yaro, ya ziyarci Kiev, ya zauna a cikin gida a Lipki, inda kakarsa, Vera Martynovna Konstantinovich, ta rayu kuma ta mutu.
A cikin 1973, Vladimir Vernadsky ya shiga gidan motsa jiki na Kharkov, inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru 3. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifinsa, ya ƙware da yaren Poland don nazarin abubuwa daban-daban game da Ukraine.
A cikin 1876 dangin Vernadsky sun koma St. Petersburg, inda yaron ya ci gaba da karatu a gidan motsa jiki na gida. Ya yi nasarar samun kyakkyawar ilimi. Saurayin ya iya karatu cikin harsuna 15.
A wannan lokacin, Vladimir Vernadsky ya zama mai sha'awar falsafa, tarihi da addini.
Wannan shi ne matakin farko na matashi akan tafarkin sanin kwalliyar Rasha.
Biology da sauran ilimin kimiyya
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1881-1885. Vernadsky yayi karatu a Faculty of Natural Sciences na Jami'ar St. Petersburg. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa shahararren Dmitry Mendeleev yana cikin malamansa.
Yana dan shekara 25, Vernadsky ya tafi neman horo a Turai, bayan ya kwashe kimanin shekaru 2 a kasashe daban-daban. A cikin kasashen Jamus, Italia da Faransa, ya sami ilmi da dabaru da yawa, bayan haka ya koma gida.
Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 27 kawai, an ba shi amanar jagorancin Sashen Nazarin Ma'adanai a Jami'ar Moscow. Daga baya, hankali ya sami damar kare karatun digirin digirgir a kan maudu'in: "Abubuwan al'ajabin zamewa daga cikin kwayar halitta." A sakamakon haka, ya zama farfesa a fannin ilimin ma'adanai.
Vernadsky yayi aiki a matsayin malami sama da shekaru 20. A wannan lokacin yakan yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai. Ya yi balaguro zuwa biranen Rasha da na ƙasashen waje da yawa, yana karatun ilimin ƙasa.
A cikin 1909, Vladimir Ivanovich ya gabatar da kyakkyawan rahoto a taron Majalisar thean Adam na 12, wanda a ciki ya gabatar da bayanai game da binciken haɗin ma'adinai a cikin hanjin Duniya. A sakamakon haka, an kafa sabon ilimin kimiyya - ilimin kimiyyar lissafi.
Vernadsky ya gudanar da kyawawan ayyuka a fagen ilimin ma'adinai, yana yin juyin juya hali a ciki. Ya raba ilimin kimiyyar halittu da kere-kere, inda ya hada kimiyyar farko da lissafi da lissafi, na biyun kuma da ilmin sunadarai da ilimin kasa.
A cikin layi daya da wannan, Vladimir Vernadsky yana da sha'awar falsafa, siyasa da tasirin rediyo na abubuwa tare da babbar sha'awa. Tun kafin ya shiga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta St.Petersburg, ya kafa Hukumar Radium, wacce aka tanada don nemowa da nazarin ma'adinai.
A cikin 1915, Vernadsky ya sake tattara wani kwamiti, wanda zai binciki albarkatun jihar. Kusan a lokaci guda, ya taimaka a cikin tsarin samar da kyautuka kyauta ga 'yan ƙasa talakawa.
Har zuwa 1919, masanin kimiyya memba ne na theungiyar Cadet, yana bin ra'ayoyin dimokiradiyya. A dalilin wannan, aka tilasta shi zuwa kasashen waje bayan shahararren juyin juya halin Oktoba a kasar.
A lokacin bazara na 1918, Vernadsky da danginsa sun zauna a Ukraine. Ba da daɗewa ba ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Yukren, ya zama shugabanta na farko. Bugu da kari, farfesa ya koyar da ilimin kimiyyar kasa a Jami'ar Taurida na Crimea.
Bayan shekaru 3 Vernadsky ya koma Petrograd. An nada malamin makarantar shugaban sashen meteorite na Gidan Tarihi na Ma'adanai. Sannan ya tattara balaguro na musamman, wanda ke cikin nazarin Tunguska meteorite.
Komai ya tafi daidai har zuwa lokacin da aka zargi Vladimir Ivanovich da leken asiri. An kama shi kuma an sanya shi a bayan kurkuku. Abin farin ciki, godiya ga ceton mashahuran mutane da yawa, an saki masanin.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1922-1926. Vernadsky ya ziyarci wasu kasashen Turai, inda ya karanta karatunsa. A lokaci guda, ya tsunduma cikin rubutu. Daga ƙarƙashin alƙalaminsa an zana irin waɗannan ayyukan "Geochemistry", "Rayayyun Abubuwa a cikin Biosphere" da "Autotrophy of Humanity".
A cikin 1926, Vernadsky ya zama shugaban Cibiyar Radium, sannan kuma an zabe shi shugaban al'ummomin kimiyya daban-daban. A karkashin jagorancinsa, an binciki igiyoyin karkashin kasa, permafrost, duwatsu, da sauransu.
A shekarar 1935, lafiyar Vladimir Ivanovich ta tabarbare, kuma bisa shawarar likitan zuciyar, ya yanke shawarar zuwa kasashen waje neman magani. Bayan jinya, ya yi aiki na wani lokaci a Paris, London da Jamus. Shekaru da yawa kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa ya shugabanci hukumar uranium, da gaske ya zama wanda ya kafa shirin nukiliyar USSR.
Noosphere
A cewar Vladimir Vernadsky, biosphere tsarin aiki ne da tsari. Daga baya ya zo ga tsara da ma'anar kalmar noosphere, kamar yadda aka canza saboda tasirin ɗan adam na biosphere.
Vernadsky ya inganta ayyukan hankali daga ɓangaren ɗan adam, da nufin duka biyan buƙatu na asali da ƙirƙirar daidaito da jituwa cikin yanayi. Ya yi magana game da mahimmancin nazarin Duniya, sannan kuma ya yi magana game da hanyoyin inganta yanayin halittu na duniya.
A cikin rubuce-rubucensa, Vladimir Vernadsky ya ce kyakkyawar makoma ga mutane ya dogara da kyakkyawan tsarin zamantakewar al'umma da yanayin rayuwa bisa ƙirar kere kere da ci gaban fasaha.
Rayuwar mutum
Yana ɗan shekara 23, Vladimir Vernadsky ya auri Natalia Staritskaya. Tare, ma'auratan sun sami damar rayuwa na tsawon shekaru 56, har zuwa mutuwar Staritskaya a 1943.
A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan suna da ɗa namiji Georgy da yarinya Nina. A nan gaba, Georgy ya zama shahararren masani a fagen tarihin Rasha, yayin da Nina ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan mahaukata.
Mutuwa
Vladimir Vernadsky ya bar matarsa tsawon shekaru 2. A ranar da ta mutu, masanin ya yi rubutun nan kamar haka: "Ina bin Natasha duk wani abu mai kyau a rayuwata." Rashin matarsa ya gurgunta lafiyar mutumin sosai.
'Yan shekaru kafin rasuwarsa, a 1943, Vernadsky aka ba shi lambar yabo ta 1 ta Stalin. Shekarar da ta biyo baya, ya kamu da matsanancin bugun jini, bayan haka ya sake rayuwa tsawon wasu kwanaki 12.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1945 yana da shekara 81.
