Stephen Edwin King (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) marubuci ne Ba'amurke da ke aiki da nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, ciki har da tsoro, jami'in bincike, tatsuniyoyi, sufanci, da kuma rubutun almara; karbi sunan laƙabi "Sarkin Horror".
An sayar da kwafin littattafansa sama da miliyan 350, wanda aka yi fim da fina-finai da yawa da wasannin kwaikwayo na talabijin da kuma ban dariya.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Stephen King, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Stephen King.
Tarihin Stephen King
An haifi Stephen King ne a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1947 a garin Portland na Amurka (Maine). Ya girma a cikin dangin Kyaftin din Sojan Rikicin Donald Edward King da matarsa Nellie Ruth Pillsbury.
Yara da samari
Haihuwar Istifanas ana iya kiranta mu'ujiza ta gaske. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon yadda likitoci suka tabbatarwa mahaifiyarsa cewa ba za ta taba iya haihuwa ba.
Don haka lokacin da Nelly ya auri Kyaftin Donald King a karo na biyu, ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar ɗa. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1945, shekaru 2 kafin haihuwar marubucin nan gaba, suna da ɗa da aka ɗauko, David Victor.
A cikin 1947, yarinyar ta gano game da cikin nata, wanda ya kasance cikakkiyar mamaki ga kanta da ma mijinta.
Koyaya, haihuwar ɗa bai taimaki dangi ba. Da wuya shugaban iyali ya kasance a gida, yana yawo a duniya.
Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945), Donald ya yi ritaya, ya sami aiki a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai sayar da tsabtace tsabta.
Rayuwar iyali ta kasance nauyi ga mahaifin Sarki, sakamakon haka kusan ba ya ba da lokaci ga matarsa da 'ya'yansa. Da zarar, lokacin da Stephen bai kai shekara 2 da haihuwa ba, wani mutum ya bar gidan sigari kuma bayan haka babu wanda ya gan shi.
Bayan Donald ya bar dangin, mahaifiyar ta gaya wa 'ya'yanta cewa Martians sun sace mahaifin. Koyaya, matar ta fahimci cewa mijinta ya rabu da ita ya koma wurin wata matar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Stephen King da ɗan'uwansa sun koyi game da tarihin mahaifinsu kawai a cikin 90s. Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya, ya auri wata mata 'yar ƙasar Brazil, tana ɗa yara 4.
Lokacin da aka bar Nelly ita kaɗai, dole ne ta ɗauki kowane aiki don tallafawa Stephen da David. Ta sayar da kayayyakin burodi kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai tsabta.
Tare da yara, matar ta koma wata ko wata, tana ƙoƙarin neman aiki mai kyau. A sakamakon haka, dangin Sarakuna sun zauna a Maine.
Sauye-sauye na gidaje akai-akai ya shafi lafiyar Stephen King. Ya yi fama da kyanda da wani mummunan ciwo na pharyngitis, wanda ya haifar da ciwon kunne.
Ko da a shekarunsa na farko, Istifanas ya huda kunnensa har sau uku, wanda ya haifar masa da baƙin ciki mara nauyi. A wannan dalilin, yayi karatu a aji 1 na tsawon shekaru 2.
Tuni a wancan lokacin tarihin rayuwar Stephen King yana son fina-finai masu ban tsoro. Bugu da kari, yana son litattafai game da jarumai, wadanda suka hada da "Hulk", "Spiderman", "Superman", da kuma ayyukan Ray Bradbury.
Marubucin daga baya ya yarda cewa ya sake jin tsoronsa da "jin cewa ya rasa ikon sarrafa hankalinsa."
Halitta
A karo na farko, Sarki ya fara rubutu tun yana dan shekara 7. Da farko, kawai yana sake faɗan abubuwan ban dariya da ya gani a takarda.
Bayan lokaci, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙarfafa shi ya rubuta wani abu nasa. A sakamakon haka, yaron ya kirkiro gajerun labarai 4 game da bunny. Mama ta yabawa danta dan aikin da yayi har ma ta biya shi $ 1 a matsayin lada.
Lokacin da Stephen yake ɗan shekara 18, shi da ɗan'uwansa sun fara buga sanarwar sanarwa - "Ganyen Dave".
Mutanen sun sake maimaita sakon ta hanyar mimeograph - injin buga allo, suna siyar da kowane kwafin na anin 5. Stephen King ya rubuta gajerun labaransa ya kuma sake nazarin fina-finai, kuma ɗan'uwansa ya ba da labarai na gida.
Bayan tashi daga makaranta, Stephen ya tafi kwaleji. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, yana son zuwa da son rai zuwa Vietnam don tattara abubuwa don ayyukan gaba.
Koyaya, bayan lallashi daga mahaifiyarsa, mutumin har ilayau ya watsar da wannan ra'ayin.
A layi daya da karatunsa, Sarki yayi aiki na wani lokaci a masana'antar saƙa kuma ya cika da mamakin yawan berayen da ke zaune a ginin. Sau da yawa dole ne ya kori mabuɗan bera daga kayan.
A nan gaba, duk wadannan abubuwan da suka kayatar za su zama tushen labarinsa "Canjin dare".
A shekarar 1966 Stephen ya sami nasarar cin jarabawarsa a Jami'ar Maine, inda ya zabi Sashen Adabin Turanci. A lokaci guda, ya yi karatu a kwalejin horar da malamai.
Mahaifiyar ta tura kowane ɗa $ 20 a kowane wata don biyan kuɗin aljihu, sakamakon haka sau da yawa akan bar ta ba abinci.
Bayan kammala karatunsa a Jami'a, King ya ci gaba da sha'anin rubutu, wanda da farko ba ya kawo masa kudin shiga. A lokacin ya riga yayi aure.
Stephen ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin wanki kuma ya karɓi kyauta mai sauƙi daga buga labaransa a cikin mujallu. Kuma kodayake dangin suna fuskantar matsaloli na rashin kuɗi, Sarki ya ci gaba da rubutu.
A shekarar 1971, wani mutum ya fara koyar da Turanci a wata makarantar yankin. A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya yi matukar damuwa da cewa aikinsa ya kasance ba a bayyana shi ba.
Da zarar matarsa ta sami rubutun da ba a gama rubutun littafin ba "Carrie" wanda Stephen ya jefa. Yarinyar ta karanta aikin a hankali, bayan ta shawo kan mijinta ya gama shi.
Bayan shekaru 3, Doubleday zai yarda ya aika da wannan littafin don bugawa, yana biyan Sarki bashin dala 2,500. Abin mamaki ga duka, "Carrie" ta sami babban farin jini, sakamakon haka "Doubleday" ta sayar da haƙƙin mallaka ga wani babban gidan buga littattafai "NAL", a kan $ 400,000!
Dangane da sharuɗɗan kwangilar, Stephen King ya karɓi rabin wannan kuɗin, godiya ga abin da ya sa ya bar aikinsa a makarantar kuma ya fara rubutu da sabon kuzari.
Ba da daɗewa ba daga alkalami na marubuci ya fito labari na biyu mai nasara mai suna "Shining".
A ƙarshen 70s, Istifanas ya fara wallafe-wallafe a ƙarƙashin sunan ɓoye Richard Bachmann. Da yawa daga cikin tarihin tarihin King sun yi imanin cewa ta wannan hanyar ya so ya tabbatar da hazakarsa kuma ya tabbatar da cewa littattafansa na farko ba su da haɗari.
Labarin "Fury" an buga shi a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan ɓoye. Ba da daɗewa ba marubucin zai janye shi daga sayarwa lokacin da ya zama sananne cewa ƙaramin mai kisan kai ya karanta littafin wanda ya harbi abokan makaranta a Kansas.
Kuma kodayake an buga wasu ayyukan da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan Bachmann, King ya riga ya buga littattafai masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin ainihin sunansa.
A cikin 80s da 90s, wasu kyawawan ayyukan Istifanas sun fito. Labarin The Shooter, wanda shi ne littafi na farko a cikin jerin Hasumiyar Hasumiya, ya sami shaharar musamman.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin 1982 Sarki ya rubuta littafin 300 mai Gudun Gudu a cikin kwanaki 10 kawai.
A tsakiyar shekarun 90, labari mai taken "The Green Mile" ya fito akan akwatinan littattafai. Marubucin ya yarda cewa yana ɗaukar wannan aikin ɗayan mafi kyau a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa.
A cikin 1997, Stephen King ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Simon & Schuster, wanda ya biya shi ci gaba mai tsoka na dala miliyan 8 don Buhun Kasusuwa, kuma ya yi alkawarin ba marubucin rabin ribar da ya sayar.
Dangane da ayyukan "Sarkin Mallaka", an ɗauki hotunan zane-zane da yawa. A cikin 1998, ya rubuta rubutun don shahararren jerin talabijin The X-Files, wanda aka san shi a duk duniya.
A shekarar 1999, wata karamar motar bas ta buge Stephen King. An gano yana da karaya da yawa a kafar dama, ban da raunin kai da na huhu. Likitoci sun sami nasarar ceton kafarsa daga yankewa.
Na dogon lokaci, mutumin ba zai iya zama a zaune ba har tsawon fiye da minti 40, bayan haka sai ciwon da ba zai iya jurewa ba ya fara a yankin da cinya ta karye.
Wannan tarihin rayuwar zai zama tushen kashi na bakwai na jerin "Hasumiyar Duhu".
A cikin 2002, King ya sanar da yin ritaya daga aikin rubuce-rubuce saboda tsananin azaba wanda ya hana shi mayar da hankali ga kerawa.
Daga baya, duk da haka, Istifanas ya sake ɗaukar alkalami. A shekara ta 2004, an buga sashin ƙarshe na jerin Hasumiyar Hasumiya, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka aka buga labarin The Story of Lizzie.
A cikin lokacin 2008-2017. King ya wallafa litattafai da dama, wadanda suka hada da Duma Key, 11/22/63, Doctor Sleep, Mister Mercedes, Gwendy da Casket dinta da sauransu. Bugu da kari, an tattara tarin labarai "Duhu - ba wani abu ba", da kuma tarin labaran "Bayan Faduwar Rana" da "Shagon Mummunan Kalamai".
Rayuwar mutum
Tare da matarsa, Tabitha Spruce, Stephen sun sadu a lokacin karatunsa. A cikin wannan auren, suna da 'ya mace, Na'omi, da' ya'ya maza 2, Joseph da Owen.
Ga Sarki, Tabita ba kawai mata ba ce, har ma aboki ne mai aminci da mataimaki. Ta tsira daga talauci tare da shi, koyaushe tana tallafawa mijinta da taimaka masa ya jimre da damuwa.
Bugu da kari, matar ta iya rayuwa a lokacin da Istifanus ya sha wahala daga shaye-shaye da kuma shan kwayoyi. Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne bayan fitowar littafin "Tomminokery" mawallafin ya yarda cewa bai tuna da yadda ya rubuta shi ba, domin a wancan lokacin yana zaman dirshan "yana zaune" kan shan kwayoyi.
Daga baya, Sarki ya bi hanyar da za ta taimaka masa ya koma rayuwarsa ta farko.
Tare da matarsa, Stephen suna da gidaje uku. Kamar yadda yake a yau, ma'auratan suna da jikoki huɗu.
Stephen King yanzu
Marubucin ya ci gaba da rubuta littattafai kamar da. A cikin 2018 ya wallafa littattafai 2 - "Baƙo" da "A Tashi". A shekara ta gaba ya gabatar da aikin "Institute".
Sarki yayi kakkausar suka ga Donald Trump. Ya bar maganganu marasa kyau game da attajirin a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a daban-daban.
A cikin shekarar 2019, Stephen, tare da Robert De Niro, Laurence Fishburne da wasu masu zane-zane, sun yi bidiyo suna zargin hukumomin Rasha da kai wa dimokiradiyyar Amurka hari da Trump na hada baki da Rasha.
Hoton Stephen King ne
