Neva yaƙi - yakin da aka yi a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1240 a kan Kogin Neva, kusa da ƙauyen Ust-Izhora, tsakanin Jamhuriyar Novgorod da Karelians da sojojin Sweden, Norway, Finland da Tavastian.
A bayyane yake, dalilin mamayewar shi ne kafa iko akan bakin Neva da garin Ladoga, wanda ya ba da damar kwace babban yankin hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Girkawa, wanda ya kasance a hannun Novgorod tsawon shekaru 100.
Kafin yakin
A wancan lokacin, Rasha ba ta kasance mafi kyawun lokaci ba, tunda tana ƙarƙashin karkiyar Tatar-Mongols. A lokacin rani na 1240, jiragen ruwan Sweden sun sauka a gabar kogin Neva, inda suka sauka tare da kawayensu da kuma limaman Katolika. Suna nan a wurin hadewar Izhora da Neva.
Mayaka daga ƙabilar Finno-Ugric Izhora ne suka tsare iyakokin yankin Novgorod. Su ne suka sanar da Yarima Alexander Yaroslavovich isowar jiragen ruwan abokan gaba.
Da zaran Alexander ya sami labarin kusancin Sweden, ya yanke shawarar tunkarar abokan gaba da kansa, ba tare da neman taimako daga mahaifinsa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ba. Lokacin da tawagar yariman suka yunkuro don kare kasarsu, 'yan tawaye daga Ladoga suka bi su a kan hanya.
Bisa ga al'adun wancan lokacin, dukkan sojojin Alexander sun hallara a Cathedral na St. Sophia, inda suka sami albarkacin yaƙin daga Archbishop Spiridon. Bayan haka Russia ta tashi da shahararren kamfen din su akan Sweden.
Ci gaban yaƙi
Yaƙin Neva ya faru ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin, 1240. A cewar tarihin, rundunar ta Rasha ta ƙunshi sojoji 1300-1400, yayin da sojojin Sweden ke da sojoji kusan 5000.
Alexander yayi niyyar aiwatar da walƙiya ta ninka sau biyu tare da Neva da Izhora domin yanke hanyar dawakan mayaka tare da hana su jiragensu.
Yaƙin Neva ya fara ne da misalin ƙarfe 11:00. Yariman Rasha ya ba da umarnin kai farmaki kan rundunonin abokan gaba da ke bakin teku. Ya bi manufar buge cibiyar sojojin Sweden ta yadda sojojin da suka rage a kan jiragen ruwa ba za su taimaka masa ba.
Ba da daɗewa ba basarake ya sami kansa a cibiyar yakin. A yayin yaƙin, dole ne rundunar sojan Rasha da mahayan dawakai su haɗu domin su jefa jarumai cikin ruwa a haɗe. Daga nan ne kuma aka shiga gagarumar rawar tsakanin Yarima Alexander da mai mulkin Sweden Jarl Birger.
Birger ya yi tsere a kan doki tare da takobi mai ɗagawa, sannan ɗan sarki tare da mashi a gaba. Jarl din ya yi amannar cewa mashin din ko dai zai zame kan kayan yakinsa ko kuma ya fasa akansu.
Alexander, a cikakkiyar tsalle, ya buge ɗan Sweden a cikin gadar hanci ƙarƙashin visar hular. Visor din ya tashi daga kansa sai mashin din ya nutse a cikin kuncin jarumin. Birger ya faɗo a hannun ofan iska.
Kuma a wannan lokacin, a gefen gabar Neva, ƙungiyar yariman sun rusa gadoji, suna turawa Swedenwa baya, suna kamawa da nutsar da waɗanda suke augansu. An rarraba jarumai zuwa sassa daban-daban, waɗanda Rasha ta lalata, kuma ɗayan ɗaya ya tuka zuwa bakin tekun. A cikin firgici, ‘yan Sweden sun fara ninkaya, amma makamai masu nauyi sun ja su zuwa ƙasan.
Unitsungiyoyin abokan gaba da yawa sun sami nasarar isa jiragensu, a kan abin da suka fara hanzarin tafiya. Wasu kuma sun gudu zuwa cikin dajin, da fatan buya daga sojojin na Rasha. Yakin Neva cikin hanzari ya kawo babbar nasara ga Alexander da rundunarsa.
Sakamakon Yaƙi
Godiya ga nasarar da aka samu akan Sweden, squadan wasan Rasha sun sami nasarar dakatar da yaƙin da suke yi da Ladoga da Novgorod kuma hakan ya hana haɗarin ayyukan haɗin gwiwar Sweden da oda a nan gaba.
Asarar mutanen Novgorodians sun kai mutane da yawa, gami da manyan jarumawa har zuwa 20. ‘Yan Sweden din sun yi asarar gomman mutane ko daruruwan mutane a yakin Neva.
Yarima Alexander Yaroslavich ya sami laƙabi "Nevsky" don nasarar sa ta farko mai muhimmanci. Bayan shekaru 2, zai dakatar da mamayar mayaƙan Livonia yayin shahararren yaƙi a Tafkin Peipsi, wanda aka fi sani da Yakin Kankara.
Ya kamata a lura cewa nassoshi game da yakin Neva ana samun su ne kawai a cikin asalin Rasha, yayin da ba a Yaren mutanen Sweden, ko a cikin wasu takaddun game da shi ba.
Hoton yaƙin Neva
