Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945) - ɗan siyasan Jamusawa, ɗayan ofan Nazi da suka fi yin tasiri a Mulkin na Uku. Gauleiter a cikin Berlin, shugaban sashen farfaganda na NSDAP.
Ya ba da gagarumar gudummawa wajen yalwata 'yan gurguzu na atasa a matakin ƙarshe na kasancewar Jamhuriyar Weimar.
A lokacin 1933-1945. Goebbels ya kasance ministan farfaganda kuma shugaban zauren masarauta na al'adu. Aya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke karfafa tunanin akidar kisan kiyashi.
Mashahurin jawabin nasa a kan babban yakin, wanda ya yi a Berlin a watan Fabrairun 1943, babban misali ne na magudi na yawan jama'a.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Goebbels, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanka akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Joseph Goebbels.
Tarihin rayuwar Goebbels
An haifi Joseph Goebbels a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1897 a garin Reidt na Prussia, wanda ke kusa da Mönchengladbach. Ya girma a cikin dangin Katolika mai sauki na Fritz Goebbels da matarsa Maria Katarina. Baya ga Yusufu, iyayensa suna da karin yara biyar - maza biyu da mata 3, ɗayan ya mutu yana ƙarami.
Yara da samari
Iyalan Goebbels suna da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan, sakamakon abin da membobinta ke iya biyan buƙatun tsiraici kawai.
Tun yana yaro, Josef ya sha wahala daga cututtukan da suka haɗa da ciwon huhu mai tsawo. Kafarsa ta dama ta sami nakasa, ta juya ciki saboda wata nakasar da ta haihu, wacce ta fi ta hagu girma da gajarta.
A shekara 10, Goebbels an yi masa aikin da bai yi nasara ba. Ya sanya takalmin ƙarfe na musamman da takalma a ƙafarsa, yana fama da rauni. A saboda wannan dalili, hukumar ta same shi bai cancanci shiga aikin soja ba, kodayake yana son zuwa fagen daga a matsayin na sa kai.
A cikin littafin tarihin shi, Joseph Goebbels ya ambata cewa a cikin ƙuruciyarsa ƙuruciya, saboda nakasarsa ta zahiri, bai nemi yin abota da shi ba. Sabili da haka, yakan zama shi kaɗai, yana hutawa yana kunna piano da karatun littattafai.
Kodayake iyayen yaron mutane ne masu bautar da suka koya wa yaransu kauna da yin addu'a ga Allah, Yusuf yana da mummunan ra'ayi game da addini. Ya yi kuskure ya gaskata cewa tun da yana da cututtuka da yawa, yana nufin cewa Allah mai ƙauna ba zai wanzu ba.
Goebbels yayi karatu a ɗayan manyan makarantu nahawu na gari, inda ya sami manyan maki a duk fannoni. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga dakin motsa jiki, ya karanci tarihi, filoloji da kuma karatun Jamusanci a jami'o'in Bonn, Würzburg, Freiburg da Munich.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Ikklisiyar Katolika ta biya kuɗin karatun Joseph, tunda yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ɗalibai. Iyayen masu yada farfaganda na gaba sun yi fatan cewa ɗansu duk da haka ya zama malami, amma duk tsammaninsu ya zama banza.
A wancan lokacin, tarihin rayuwar Goebbels yana son aikin Fyodor Dostoevsky har ma suna kiransa "uba na ruhaniya." Ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama ɗan jarida kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya san kansa a matsayin marubuci. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 22, mutumin ya fara aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar kansa "The Young Years of Michael Forman."
Daga baya, Josef Goebbels ya sami nasarar kare kundin digirinsa na uku a kan aikin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Wilhelm von Schütz. A cikin ayyukansa na gaba, an gano bayanan anti-Semitism.
Ayyukan Nazi
Kodayake Goebbels ya rubuta labarai da yawa, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma labarai, aikinsa bai yi nasara ba. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya yanke shawarar barin adabi kuma ya tsunduma cikin siyasa.
A cikin 1922, Joseph ya zama memba na National Socialist Workers 'Party, wanda Strasser ke jagoranta a lokacin. Bayan wasu shekaru, ya zama editan jaridar farfaganda Völkische Freiheit.
A wancan lokacin, tarihin rayuwa, Goebbels ya fara sha'awar halaye da dabarun Adolf Hitler, duk da cewa da farko ya soki ayyukansa. Har ma ya daukaka tsarin mulkin USSR, yana ganin wannan jihar mai tsarki ce.
Koyaya, lokacin da Joseph da kansa ya sadu da Hitler, ya yi farin ciki da shi. Bayan haka, ya zama ɗayan amintattu kuma mafi kusanci da shugaban nan gaba na Uku.
Ministan farfaganda
Adolf Hitler ya fara ɗaukar furofaganda na Nazi da gaske bayan gazawar Beer Hall Putsch. Bayan lokaci, ya ja hankali ga kwarjinin Goebbels, wanda ke da ƙwarewar iya magana da tsari.
A lokacin bazara na 1933, Hitler ya kafa Ma’aikatar Ilimi da Ilimin Yada Labarai, wanda ya ba shi shugabancin Joseph. A sakamakon haka, Goebbels bai kunyata shugabansa ba kuma ya sami manyan matsayi a fagen sa.
Godiya ga tarin iliminsa da fahimtarsa a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ya sami damar sarrafa tunanin talakawa, wadanda suka goyi bayan dukkan taken da ra'ayoyin Nazi. Ya lura cewa idan mutane suka maimaita irin maganganun da aka gabatar a jawabai, ta hanyar manema labarai da kuma ta hanyar sinima, lallai zasu zama masu biyayya.
Shi ne wanda ya mallaki sanannen jumlar: "Bani kafofin watsa labarai, kuma zan yi garken aladu daga kowace al'umma."
A cikin jawabansa, Joseph Goebbels ya daukaka Naziyanci kuma ya juya mutanen kasarsa ga 'yan kwaminisanci, yahudawa da sauran kabilu marasa daraja. Ya yabawa Hitler, yana mai kiransa mai ceton jama'ar Jamus.
Yakin duniya na biyu
A cikin 1933, Goebbels ya gabatar da jawabai mai zafi ga sojojin na sojojin na Jamusawa, yana mai ba su tabbacin bukatar mamaye yankin na Gabas da ƙin bin yarjejeniyar ta Versailles.
A cikin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939-1945), Joseph ya soki kwaminisanci tare da maɗaukakiyar sha'awa kuma ya yi kira ga mutane da su yi yaƙi. A shekarar 1943, lokacin da Jamus ta fara fuskantar asara mai girma a gaba, mai yada farfaganda ya gabatar da sanannen jawabin nasa a kan "Total War", inda ya karfafawa mutane gwiwa da su yi amfani da duk wata hanyar da za ta kai ga nasara.
A cikin 1944, Hitler ya nada Goebbels don jagorantar tattara sojojin Jamus. Ya ba sojoji tabbacin ci gaba da yakin, duk da cewa Jamus din tuni ta riga ta fada cikin halaka. Mai yada farfagandar ya goyi bayan sojojin na Jamus na tsawon kwanaki a karshen, yana mai ba da sanarwar cewa yana jiransu a gida ko da kuwa shan kashi ne.
Ta hanyar odar Fuehrer a tsakiyar Oktoba 1944, aka kafa rukunin mayaƙan mutane - Volkssturm, wanda ya ƙunshi mazaje waɗanda ba su dace da sabis ba. Shekarun sojojin sun kasance daga shekaru 45-60. Ba su shirya don yaƙi ba kuma ba su da makaman da suka dace.
A ra'ayin Goebbels, irin waɗannan rukunin ƙungiyoyin yakamata su yi nasarar tsayayya da tankokin Soviet da manyan bindigogi, amma a zahiri wannan ba gaskiya bane.
Rayuwar mutum
Joseph Goebbels ba shi da kyan gani. Ya kasance gurgu ne kuma gajere mai fasali. Koyaya, nakasassu na zahiri an biya shi saboda ikon hankalinsa da kwarjini.
A ƙarshen 1931, mutumin ya auri Magda, wacce ke da sha'awar jawabansa. Daga baya, an haifi yara shida a cikin wannan ƙungiyar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce ma'auratan sun ba duk yara sunaye suna farawa da harafi ɗaya: Helga, Hilda, Helmut, Hold, Hedd da Hyde.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Magda tana da ɗa mai suna Harald daga auren da ya gabata. Ya faru cewa Harald ne wanda shi kaɗai ne dangin Goebbels wanda ya sami nasarar tsira daga yaƙin.
Hitler yana da matukar sha'awar zuwa ziyartar Goebbels, yana jin daɗin ba kawai sadarwa tare da Joseph da Magda ba, har ma da yaransu.
A cikin 1936, shugaban gidan ya sadu da mai zane-zanen Czech Lida Baarova, wanda tare da shi ya fara soyayya mai haɗari. Lokacin da Magda ta sami labarin wannan, sai ta kai ƙara zuwa Fuhrer.
A sakamakon haka, Hitler ya dage kan cewa Joseph ya rabu da matar Czech, saboda ba ya son wannan labarin ya zama mallakar talakawa. Yana da mahimmanci a gare shi ya kiyaye wannan auren, tunda Goebbels da matarsa sun sami babban daraja a cikin Jamus.
Daidai ne a ce matar mai farfaganda ita ma tana cikin dangantaka da mazaje daban-daban, ciki har da Kurt Ludecke da Karl Hanke.
Mutuwa
A daren 18 ga Afrilu, 1945, Goebbels, wanda ya fidda tsammani, ya ƙone takaddun nasa, washegari kuma ya gabatar da jawabinsa na ƙarshe a cikin iska. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba masu sauraro kwarin gwiwar samun nasara, amma maganganunsa ba su da tabbas.
Bayan Adolf Hitler ya kashe kansa, Joseph ya yanke shawarar bin misalin gunkinsa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa bisa ga nufin Hitler, Joseph zai zama Reich Chancellor na Jamus.
Mutuwar Fuhrer ta jefa Joseph cikin baƙin ciki ƙwarai, a lokacin ya bayyana cewa ƙasar ta yi rashin babban mutum. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, ya sanya hannu kan takaddar kawai a matsayin shugabar gwamnati, wanda aka yi niyyar Joseph Stalin.
A cikin wasikar, Goebbels ya ba da rahoto game da mutuwar Hitler, sannan kuma ya nemi a tsagaita wuta. Koyaya, jagorancin USSR ya buƙaci miƙa wuya ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba, sakamakon haka tattaunawar ta kai ƙarshen mutuwa.
Yusufu tare da matarsa da yaransa, Yusuf ya gangara zuwa dutsen. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar kashe kansu, kuma sun shirya irin wannan makomar ga 'ya'yansu. Magda ta nemi mijinta da ya yi wa yaran allurar morphine, da kuma murza kawunansu a cikin bakinsu.
Ba za a sami cikakken bayani game da mutuwar Nazi da matarsa ba. Sananne ne cewa a ƙarshen maraice na 1 ga Mayu, 1945, ma'auratan sun sha cyanide. Masu tarihin rayuwa ba su iya gano ko Joseph ya iya harbin kansa a lokaci guda ba.
Kashegari, sojojin Rasha suka gano gawawwakin gawawwaki na gidan Goebbels.
Hotunan Goebbels