Garry Kimovich Kasparov (sunan mahaifi a lokacin haihuwa Weinstein; jinsi 1963) - Dan wasan dara na Soviet da Rasha, zakaran dara na 13 a duniya, marubucin dara da dan siyasa, galibi ana gane shi a matsayin babban dan wasan dara a tarihi. Babban Malamin Kasa da Kasa wanda ya girmama Jagoran Wasannin Tarayyar Soviet, zakaran USSR (1981, 1988) kuma zakaran Rasha (2004).
Sau takwas ya lashe Gasar Olympiads ta Duniya. Gwarzon 11 chess "Oscar" (kyaututtuka ga dan wasan chess mafi kyau a shekara).
A shekarar 1999, Garry Kasparov ya sami matsayin maki 2851. An riƙe rikodin fiye da shekaru 13 har sai da Magnus Carlsen ya karya shi.
Akwai tarihin ban sha'awa da yawa na tarihin Kasparov, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Garry Kasparov.
Tarihin rayuwar Kasparov
An haifi Garry Kasparov a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1963 a Baku. Ya girma kuma ya tashi cikin dangin injiniyoyi.
Mahaifinsa, Kim Moiseevich Weinstein, ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan wutar lantarki, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Klara Shagenovna, ƙwararriyar ƙwarewa da fasaha da fasaha. A bangaren uba, kakanin bayahude ne, kuma a bangaren mahaifiya - Armeniya.
Yara da samari
Iyayen Kasparov sun kasance masu son dara, dangane da abin da galibi suke warware matsalolin dara da aka buga a cikin jaridu. Yaron yana son kallon su, yana ƙoƙarin zurfafa cikin ayyukan.
Da zarar, lokacin da Harry bai cika shekaru 5 da haihuwa ba, ya ba mahaifinsa shawara don magance ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin, wanda ya ba shi mamaki sosai. Bayan wannan lamarin, shugaban gidan ya fara koyar da ɗansa da gaske wannan wasan.
Bayan wasu shekaru, an aika Kasparov zuwa wani kulob mai dara. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya sami babban rashi na farko - mahaifinsa ya mutu daga cutar lymphosarcoma. Bayan haka, mahaifiyar ta mai da hankali sosai ga aikin dara na yaron.
Lokacin da Garry ke shekaru 12, Klara Shagenovna ta yanke shawarar canza sunan danta zuwa Weinstein zuwa Kasparov.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙiyayya da yahudawa da ke cikin USSR. Mahaifiyar ba ta son ƙasar ta hana ɗan ya sami nasara a wasanni. Yana dan shekara 14, ya zama memba na Komsomol.
Dara
A cikin 1973, an shigar da Garry Kasparov a makarantar dara ta Mikhail Botvinnik. Botvinnik nan da nan ya ga baiwa a cikin yaron, don haka ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa an koyar da shi bisa ga tsarin mutum.
A shekara mai zuwa, Harry ya halarci gasar yara, inda ya sami damar yin wasa tare da babban sarki Yuri Averbakh kuma ya buge shi. Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 12 ya zama USSR ƙaramin zakaran dara. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, yawancin abokan hamayyar Kasparov sun girme shi shekaru da yawa.
A shekarar 1977, saurayin ya sake zama zakaran gasar. Bayan haka, ya sake cin wata gasa kuma yana da shekara 17 ya zama mashahurin wasanni a dara. Sannan ya kammala da girmamawa daga makaranta kuma ya zama ɗalibin Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Azerbaijan, yana zaɓar sashen harsunan waje.
A 1980, a wata gasa a Baku, Kasparov ya sami nasarar cika ka'idar kakakin. An ayyana shi a matsayin zakaran gasar ba tare da shan kashi ko daya ba. Sannan ya ɗauki matsayi na 1 a ƙaramin gwarzon duniya, wanda aka gudanar a Jamus.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na tarihin rayuwarsa, Garry Kasparov ya ci gaba da samun kyaututtuka, yana samun karin farin jini a cikin al'umma. A shekarar 1985 ya zama zakaran duniya na 13 a tarihin dara, ya doke Anatoly Karpov da kansa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Kasparov ya zama zakaran duniya a tarihin dara - shekaru 22 da watanni 6 da kwanaki 27. Ya kamata a lura cewa Karpov ne wanda aka yi la'akari da babban abokin hamayyar Harry. Bugu da ƙari, an kira kishiyarsu "Ks biyu".
Shekaru 13 Kasparov ya ci gaba da kasancewa shugaban mashahurin darajar Elo da ma'aunin maki 2800. A shekarun 80s, ya lashe gasar Chess ta Duniya ta Chess a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Soviet ta ƙasa.
Bayan rugujewar USSR, Harry ya ci gaba da haɓaka nasarorinsa a manyan gasa. Musamman, ya lashe matsayi na 1 a Olympiads sau 4, yana wasa ga ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Rasha.
A cikin 1996, mutumin ya kafa Kamfanin Chess na Kasparov na Chess, wanda ke da matukar buƙata akan Intanet. Bayan haka, an ƙaddamar da wasan kwamfuta Harry akan kwamfutar "Deep Blue". Ungiyar farko ta ƙare tare da nasarar ɗan wasa, na biyu - motoci.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, dan wasan dara ya yi nasara a kan duk masu amfani da Intanet wanda kungiyar Microsoft ta shirya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a wannan lokacin sama da mutane miliyan 3 sun kalli wasan Kasparov tare da 'yan wasan chess mai son, wanda ya ɗauki watanni 4.
A shekara ta 2004, Garry ya zama zakaran wasan dara na kasar Rasha, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ya ba da sanarwar a fili cewa ya bar wasanni saboda siyasa. Ya ce a cikin dara ya sami damar cimma duk abin da yake fata.
Siyasa
Lokacin da aka zabi Vladimir Putin shugaban Tarayyar Rasha, Kasparov ya tausaya masa. Yayi imanin cewa sabon shugaban kasar zai iya daga kasar daga durkushewa ya mai da ita dimokradiyya. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba mutumin ya fidda rai da shugaban, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu adawa da shi.
Daga baya, Garry Kimovich ya jagoranci ƙungiyar adawa ta United Civil Front. Tare da magoya bayan sa, ya soki manufofin Putin da duk gwamnatin yanzu.
A shekara ta 2008 Kasparov ya kafa kungiyar hadin kai ta zamantakewar siyasa da siyasa. Ya yi aiki don tsara ayyukan zanga-zangar, yana neman tsige shugaban. Koyaya, ra'ayoyinsa ba su sami babban goyon baya daga 'yan ƙasa ba.
A lokacin bazara na 2013, dan wasan dara ya sanar da cewa ba zai koma Rasha daga kasashen waje ba, tunda yana son yakar "masu aikata laifuka na Kremlin" a matakin kasa da kasa.
A shekara mai zuwa, Roskomnadzor ya toshe shafin yanar gizon Garry Kasparov, wanda ya gabatar da kira don aiwatar da doka ba tare da taro ba. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ECHR za ta amince da toshewar a matsayin haramtacce kuma za ta tilasta wa Rasha ta biya wannan hanyar da euro 10,000.
A cikin 2014, Kasparov ya la'anci hade Kirimiya da Rasha. Ya kuma yi kira ga kasashen duniya da su kara matsin lamba kan Putin. A shekarar 2017, ya yi kira ga Rashawa da su kauracewa zaben shugaban kasa da ke tafe.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin shekaru na tarihin kansa, Kasparov ya yi aure sau uku. Matarsa ta farko ta kasance jagorar fassara Maria Arapova. Daga baya, ma'auratan suna da yarinya mai suna Polina. Bayan shekaru 4 da aure, matasa sun yanke shawarar barin.
Bayan haka, Harry ya auri ɗalibi, Yulia Vovk, wanda ta haifa masa ɗa, Vadim. Wannan haɗin ya kasance shekaru 9.
A shekarar 2005, Kasparov ya sake hawa kan hanya a karo na uku. Masoyinsa Daria Tarasova, wanda ya girmi mijinta da shekaru 20. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da diya, Aida, da ɗa, Nikolai.
A tsakiyar shekarun 80, mutumin ya sadu da jaruma Marina Neyelova, wacce ake zargin ta haifi diyarsa Nika. Harry da kansa ya musanta wannan bayanin, yayin da Neelova bai ce komai ba game da alaƙar su ko kaɗan.
Garry Kasparov a yau
A halin yanzu, Kasparov ya ci gaba da shiga cikin ci gaban ayyukan dara a Tarayyar Rasha. Gidauniyar Chess, wacce aka sanya mata suna, tayi kira da wannan wasan ya kasance daya daga cikin darussan da ake koyarwa a makaranta.
Garry Kimovich na ci gaba da rokon jama'a da su kara matsin lamba kan Putin da abokan sa. Yana da asusun hukuma a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a, inda yake barin maganganu lokaci-lokaci da loda hotuna.
Hotunan Kasparov
