Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) - Masanin tarihin Rasha, farfesa a jami'ar Moscow, Babban Malami na Jami'ar Moscow; babban malamin kwalejin na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Imperial St. Petersburg kan tarihin Rasha da abubuwan tarihi, shugaban Imungiyar Imperial Society of Russia da abubuwan tarihi a Jami'ar Moscow, mashawarcin mashawarci.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya game da tarihin Klyuchevsky, wanda zamu tattauna a wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Vasily Klyuchevsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Klyuchevsky
An haifi Vasily Klyuchevsky a ranar 16 ga Janairu (28), 1841 a ƙauyen Voskresenovka (lardin Penza). Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan talafin firist Osip Vasilyevich. Tarihin yana da yaya mata 2.
Yara da samari
Lokacin da Vasily yake kusan shekaru 9, mahaifinsa ya yi mummunan mutuwa. Dawowa gida, shugaban gidan ya faɗi a cikin mummunan tsawa. Dawakai da suka firgita da tsawa da walƙiya sun kifar da keken, bayan haka mutumin ya suma kuma ya nitse cikin kogunan ruwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Vasily ce ta fara gano mahaifin da ya mutu. Yaron ya sami irin wannan mummunan damuwa wanda ya sha wahala daga tsawa har tsawon shekaru.
Bayan asarar mai abincin, dangin Klyuchevsky sun zauna a Penza, kasancewar suna karkashin kulawar diocese na yankin. Daya daga cikin kawayen marigayin Osip Vasilyevich ya samar musu da karamin gida inda marayu da zawarawa suka zauna.
Vasily ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar addini, amma saboda tsantseni bai iya cikakken tsarin karatun ba. Har sun so su ware saurayin daga gareshi saboda rashin iyawarsa, amma mahaifiyarsa ta iya daidaita komai.
Matar ta shawo kan daya daga cikin daliban da ta yi karatu tare da danta. A sakamakon haka, Vasily Klyuchevsky ba ta iya kawar da cutar kawai ba, har ma ta zama mai iya magana da kyau. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, sai ya shiga makarantar hauza ta ilimin addini.
Klyuchevsky ya zama malamin addini, tunda diocese ta tallafa masa. Amma tunda baya son ya haɗa rayuwarsa da hidimar ruhaniya, sai ya yanke shawarar amfani da dabaru.
Vasily ya fita, yana ambaton "rashin lafiya." A zahiri, kawai yana son samun ilimin tarihi. A 1861, saurayin cikin nasara ya ci jarabawa a Jami’ar Mosko, inda ya zabi Kwalejin Tarihi da Falsafa.
Tarihi
Bayan shekaru 4 na karatu a jami’ar, Vasily Klyuchevsky an ba ta tayin zama a sashin tarihin Rasha don shirya farfesa. Ya zaɓi taken don rubutun maigidan nasa - "Tsoffin Rayukan Rashawa na Waliyai a matsayin Tushen Tarihi."
Mutumin ya yi aiki a kan aikin na tsawon shekaru 5. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatun kusan tarihin rayuwa dubu, sannan kuma ya gudanar da nazarin kimiyya 6. Sakamakon haka, a cikin 1871, masanin tarihin ya sami ikon karewa da samun ikon koyarwa a manyan cibiyoyin ilimi.
Da farko, Klyuchevsky yayi aiki a Makarantar Soja ta Alexander, inda ya koyar da tarihin gaba daya. A lokaci guda, ya yi lacca a makarantar ilimin tauhidi na yankin. A cikin 1879 ya fara koyar da tarihin Rasha a jami'ar garinsa.
A matsayinsa na mai iya magana, Vasily Osipovich yana da dumbin magoya baya. A zahiri ɗalibai sun yi layi don sauraron laccar karatun tarihin. A cikin jawabansa, ya kawo hujjoji masu ban sha'awa, ya yi tambaya game da ra'ayoyin da aka kafa kuma ya amsa tambayoyin ɗalibai cikin basira.
Har ila yau, a cikin aji, Klyuchevsky ya bayyana sarakunan Rasha da kyau. Abin mamaki ne cewa shi ne farkon wanda ya fara magana game da masarauta a matsayin mutane na gari waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin muguntar mutane.
A shekarar 1882 Vasily Klyuchevsky ta kare karatun digirin digirgir din sa "Boyar Duma of An Rus Rus" kuma ya zama farfesa a jami'oi 4. Bayan da ya sami babban farin jini a cikin al'umma, a matsayin mai zurfin sanin tarihi, malamin, ta hanyar umarnin Alexander III, ya koya wa ɗansa na uku George cikakken tarihin.
A waccan lokacin, tarihin rayuwar Klyuchevsky ya wallafa wasu manyan ayyuka na tarihi, gami da "ruble na Rasha 16-18 ƙarni. a cikin dangantakarsa da yanzu "(1884) da" Asalin serfdom a Rasha "(1885).
A cikin 1900 an zabi mutumin a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Imperial. Bayan wasu yearsan shekaru, an buga muhimmin aikin Vasily Klyuchevsky "The Course of Russia History", wanda ya ƙunshi sassa 5. Marubucin ya ɗauki sama da shekaru 30 don ƙirƙirar wannan aikin.
A shekarar 1906 farfesa ya bar makarantar tauhidin, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 36, duk da zanga-zangar da daliban suka yi. Bayan haka, yana koyarwa a Makarantar Koyon Fenti, Sassaka da Gine-gine, inda yawancin masu fasaha suka zama ɗalibansa.
Vasily Osipovich ya tayar da manyan masana tarihi, da suka hada da Valery Lyaskovsky, Alexander Khakhanov, Alexei Yakovlev, Yuri Gauthier da sauransu.
Rayuwar mutum
A karshen shekarun 1860, Klyuchevsky ta yi kokarin gurfanar da Anna Borodina, 'yar uwar dalibin nasa, amma yarinyar ba ta rama ba. Bayan haka, ba zato ba tsammani ga kowa, a cikin 1869 ya auri babbar yayar Anna, Anisya.
A cikin wannan auren, an haifi ɗa Boris, wanda a nan gaba ya sami tarihi da ilimin shari'a. Bugu da kari, ‘yar dan uwan farfesa mai suna Elizaveta Korneva ta girma a matsayin diya a cikin dangin Klyuchevski.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1909, matar Klyuchevsky ta mutu. Anisya an dawo da ita daga cocin, inda hankalinta ya tashi kuma ta mutu cikin dare.
Namijin ya gamu da mutuwar matar sa sosai, bai taba murmurewa daga mutuwar ta ba. Vasily Klyuchevsky ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Mayu (25), 1911 tana da shekara 70, saboda doguwar rashin lafiya.
Hotunan Klyuchevsky
