Mikhail Vasilievich Petrashevsky (1821-1866) - Mashahurin ɗan Rasha kuma mashahurin jama'a, ɗan siyasa, masanin harshe, mai fassara da ɗan jarida.
Ya halarci tarurruka da aka keɓe don ƙungiyar ɓoye, ya kasance mai goyon bayan shiri na dogon lokaci na talakawa don gwagwarmayar neman sauyi. A cikin 1849, an kame Petrashevsky da mutane da dama da ke tare da shi.
Petrashevsky da wasu mutane 20 kotu ta yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Daga cikin wadannan mutanen 20 akwai babban marubucin Rasha Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, wanda memba ne na da'irar Petrashevsky.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Petrashevsky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Mikhail Petrashevsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Petrashevsky
Mikhail Petrashevsky an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba (13), 1821 a cikin St. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangin likitan soja kuma dan majalisar jiha Vasily Mikhailovich, da matarsa Feodora Dmitrievna.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa a wani lokaci Petrashevsky Sr. ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar asibitocin kwalara da kuma yaƙar cutar anthrax. Bugu da kari, shi ne marubucin wani aikin likitanci mai taken "Bayanin na'urar tiyata don sake sanya yatsun da suka rabu."
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce lokacin da Janar Mikhail Miloradovich ya sami rauni a dandalin Majalisar Dattijai ta mai ba da shawara a cikin 1825, mahaifin Petrashevsky ne aka kira don ya ba da taimako.
Lokacin da Mikhail yake ɗan shekara 18, ya kammala karatunsa daga Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar St. Petersburg, yana zabar Faculty of Law. Bayan shekara 2 da samun horo, saurayin ya fara aikin fassara a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen.
Petrashevsky ya shiga cikin buga "ictionaryamus ɗin aljihu na kalmomin Foreignasashen Waje waɗanda ke Partangaren Yaren Rasha". Kuma idan fitowar farko ta littafin ta kasance Valeria Maikov, mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Rasha kuma mai tallata labarai, to Mikhail ne kawai editan batun na biyu.
Bugu da kari, Petrashevsky ya zama marubucin mafi rinjaye na ayyukan kaidoji. Labaran da ke cikin ƙamus sun inganta ra'ayoyin dimokiraɗiyya da son abin duniya, tare da dabarun gurguzu na ɗabi'a.
Petrashevsky da'irar
A tsakiyar 1840s, ana yin taro kowane mako a gidan Mikhail Vasilyevich, wanda ake kira "Juma'a". A yayin wadannan tarurrukan, an tattauna batutuwa daban-daban.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ɗakin karatun Petrashevsky na sirri yana ƙunshe da littattafai da yawa akan gurguzu na gurguzu da tarihin ƙungiyoyin neman sauyi da aka dakatar a Rasha. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan dimokiradiyya, sannan kuma ya ba da shawarar kwato 'yanci tare da mallakar filaye.
Mikhail Petrashevsky ya kasance mabiyin Falsafa kuma masanin halayyar ɗan adam Charles Fourier. Af, Fourier na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan gurguzu na gurguzu, kazalika marubucin irin wannan ra'ayi kamar "mata".
Lokacin da Petrashevsky yakai kimanin shekaru 27, ya halarci tarurruka wanda akan tattauna batun kafa kungiyar asiri. A lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa, yana da nasa fahimtar yadda ya kamata Rasha ta ci gaba.
Kamawa da gudun hijira
Michael ya kira mutane zuwa gwagwarmayar neman sauyi ga gwamnati mai ci. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1849, an kama shi tare da wasu dozin masu tunani iri ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, kotu ta yanke wa Petrashevsky da wasu masu ra'ayin juyin juya hali kusan 20 hukuncin kisa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, daga cikin wadanda aka yanke wa hukuncin kisan akwai wani matashi marubuci dan kasar Rasha Fyodor Dostoevsky, wanda tuni aka san shi a wancan lokacin, wanda ya raba ra'ayi irin na Mikhail Petrashevsky kuma memba ne na da'irar Petrashevsky.
Lokacin da aka kawo masu juyin juya hali daga da'irar Petrashevsky zuwa wurin aiwatar da kisan har ma suka sami damar karanta tuhumar, ba zato ba tsammani ga kowa, an maye gurbin hukuncin kisa ta hanyar aiki tukuru mara iyaka.
A zahiri, tun ma kafin a fara shari'ar, masu yi wa kasa hidiman sun san cewa ba lallai ne su harbe masu laifin ba, wanda su biyun basu sani ba. Daya daga cikin wadanda aka yanke wa hukuncin kisan, Nikolai Grigoriev, hankalinsa ya tashi. Abubuwan da Dostoevsky ya ji a daren jajiberen kisan nasa sun bayyana a cikin shahararren littafinsa mai suna The Idiot.
Bayan duk abin da ya faru, an tura Mikhail Petrashevsky zuwa gabashin Siberia. Gwamnan yankin Bernhard Struve, wanda ya yi magana da mai neman sauyi, bai bayyana sake dubawa mafi daɗi game da shi ba. Ya ce Petrashevsky mutum ne mai alfahari da banza wanda ke son kasancewa cikin masu haskakawa.
A ƙarshen 1850s, Mikhail Vasilyevich ya zauna a Irkutsk a matsayin baƙon ƙaura. Anan ya yi aiki tare da wallafe-wallafen gida kuma ya kasance cikin ayyukan koyarwa.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1860-1864. Petrashevsky ya zauna a Krasnoyarsk, inda yake da babban tasiri a kan duma ta birni. A 1860, wani mutum ya kafa jaridar Amur. A cikin wannan shekarar an yi masa ƙaura zuwa ƙauyen Shushenskoye (Gundumar Minusinsky), saboda yin magana game da son zuciya na jami'an wurin, daga baya kuma zuwa ƙauyen Kebezh.
Mutuwa
Gidan karshe na mai tunanin shine ƙauyen Belskoe (lardin Yenisei). A cikin wannan wurin ne a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1866, Mikhail Petrashevsky ya mutu. Ya mutu sanadiyar zubar jini a kwakwalwa yana da shekaru 45.
Hotunan Petrashevsky
