Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (1895-1977) - Shugaban sojan Soviet, Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet, Babban hafsan hafsoshi, memba na Hedkwatar Babban Kwamandan, Babban Kwamandan Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Soviet a Gabas ta Gabas, Ministan Sojojin Tarayyar Soviet da Ministan Yakin USSR.
Daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin soja na yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945). Jarumi sau biyu na Tarayyar Soviet kuma mai riƙe da Umurnin Nasara 2.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Vasilevsky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Alexander Vasilevsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Vasilevsky
An haifi Alexander Vasilevsky a ranar 18 ga Satumba (30), 1895 a ƙauyen Novaya Golchikha (lardin Kostroma). Ya girma a cikin dangin shugaban mawaƙa na cocin kuma firist Mikhail Alexandrovich da matarsa Nadezhda Ivanovna, waɗanda mabiya cocin Orthodox ne.
Alexander shine na huɗu cikin 'ya'ya 8 na iyayensa. Lokacin da yake kusan shekara 2, shi da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa ƙauyen Novopokrovskoye, inda mahaifinsa ya fara aiki a matsayin firist a Cocin Ascension.
Daga baya, kwamandan da ke gaba ya fara halartar makarantar Ikklesiya. Bayan ya sami karatun firamare, ya shiga makarantar tiyoloji, sannan ya shiga makarantar hauza.
A wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Vasilevsky ya yi niyyar zama mai aikin gona, amma saboda ɓarkewar Yaƙin Duniya na (aya (1914-1918), ba a ƙaddara shirinsa ya zama gaskiya ba. Saurayin ya shiga makarantar soja ta Alekseevsk, inda ya ci gaba da karatu mai sauri. Bayan haka, sai ya tafi gaban tare da matsayin bautar.
Yakin duniya na 1 da yakin basasa
A cikin bazara na 1916, an ba da izinin Alexander don ba da umarnin kamfanin, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawu a cikin rundinar. A watan Mayu na wannan shekarar, ya shiga cikin shahararren Tarihin Brusilov.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa Brusilov Breakthrough shine mafi girman yaƙi na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko dangane da asarar duka. Tunda yawancin jami'ai sun mutu a yaƙe-yaƙe, an umurci Vasilevsky da ya ba da umurni ga bataliyar, kasancewar an ba shi matsayi na shugaban sojoji.
A lokacin shekarun yakin, Alexander ya nuna kansa a matsayin jarumin soja, wanda, saboda tsananin halayensa da rashin tsoronsa, ya daga darajar masu yi masa aiki. Labarin Juyin Juya Hali na Oktoba ya samo kwamandan yayin aikinsa a Romania, sakamakon haka ya yanke shawarar yin murabus.
Dawowa gida, Vasilevsky yayi aiki a matsayin malamin horar da sojoji na yan kasa na wani lokaci, sannan ya koyar a makarantun firamare. A lokacin bazara na 1919, an kira shi don sabis, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa.
A tsakiyar wannan shekarar, an nada Alexander kwamandan bataliya, sannan kwamanda na bangaren bindiga, wanda ya kamata ya yi adawa da sojojin Janar Anton Denikin. Koyaya, shi da sojojinsa ba su sami damar shiga yaƙi tare da sojojin Denikin ba, tun da 'yan Kudu suka tsaya a Orel da Kromy.
Daga baya Vasilevsky, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Soja na 15, ya yaƙi Poland. Bayan ƙarshen rikicin soja, ya jagoranci ragamar mulki guda uku na rukunin dakaru kuma ya shugabanci makarantar ƙarami don ƙaramin kwamandoji.
A cikin shekaru 30, Alexander Mikhailovich ya yanke shawarar shiga jam'iyyar. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya yi aiki tare da littafin "Bulletin Military". Mutumin ya shiga cikin kirkirar "Umarnin don gudanar da gwagwarmaya da hada karfi da karfe" da sauran ayyuka kan harkokin soja.
Lokacin da Vasilevsky ya cika shekaru 41, sai aka bashi mukamin kanar. A cikin 1937, ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa daga makarantar sojoji, bayan haka aka nada shi shugaban horar da aiki ga jami'an kwamanda. A lokacin rani na 1938 an daukaka shi zuwa matsayin kwamandan birgediya.
A cikin 1939, Alexander Vasilevsky ya halarci ci gaban fasalin farko na shirin yaƙi da Finland, wanda daga baya Stalin ya ƙi amincewa. Shekarar da ta gabata, yana cikin kwamitin da aka shirya don kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Finland.
Bayan 'yan watanni, Vasilevsky ya sami karin girma zuwa kwamandan kwamanda. A watan Nuwamba 1940, ya yi tafiya zuwa Jamus a matsayin wani ɓangare na wakilan Soviet a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vyacheslav Molotov don tattaunawa da jagorancin Jamusawa.
Babban Yaƙin rioasa
A farkon yakin, Vasilevsky ya riga ya kasance babban janar, kasancewarsa mataimakin shugaban Janar din. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara tsaron Moscow da kuma adawa mai zuwa.
A wancan mawuyacin lokacin, lokacin da sojojin Jamusawa suka ci nasara ɗaya bayan ɗaya a yaƙe-yaƙe, Alexander Mikhailovich ya shugabanci echean sanda na 1 na Janar.
Ya kasance tare da ɗawainiyar fahimtar yanayin gaba gaba da kuma sanar da jagorancin USSR a kai a kai game da yanayin lamura a layin gaba.
Vasilevsky ya sami nasarar iya ɗaukar nauyin da aka ɗora masa, yana karɓar yabo daga Stalin kansa. Sakamakon haka ne aka ba shi mukamin Kanar Janar.
Ya ziyarci layuka daban-daban, yana mai lura da halin da ake ciki da kuma tsara tsare-tsare don kariya da cin zarafin makiya.
A lokacin rani na 1942, an ba da amanar Alexander Vasilevsky ya shugabanci Janar ɗin Janar. Bisa umarnin babban shugaban kasar, janar din ya yi nazarin yanayin al'amuran a Stalingrad. Ya shirya kuma ya shirya kai hari kan Jamusawa, wanda Hedikwatar ta amince da shi.
Bayan nasarar cin nasara, mutumin ya ci gaba da tsunduma cikin lalata sassan Jamusawa a lokacin da aka samu kaskon Stalingrad. Sannan an umurce shi da ya gudanar da wani samame a yankin Upper Don.
A watan Fabrairun 1943, aka ba Vasilevsky lambar girmamawa ta Marshal ta Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin watanni masu zuwa, ya ba da umarnin gaban Voronezh da Steppe a lokacin Yaƙin Kursk, kuma ya halarci yantar da Donbass da Crimea.
Wani abin birgewa shine yayin da janar din ke binciken babbar motar Sevastopol, motar da yake ciki ta fashe da nakiya. An yi sa'a, ya sami rauni kaɗan na kai kawai, baya ga yankewa daga gilashin gilashin da ya fashe.
Bayan an sallame shi daga asibiti, Vasilevsky ya jagoranci gaba yayin yantar da jihohin Baltic. Saboda waɗannan da sauran ayyukan nasara an ba shi taken Jarumi na Tarayyar Soviet da lambar zinare ta Zinare.
Daga baya, ta hanyar umarnin Stalin, janar din ya jagoranci 3rd Belorussian Front, ya shiga Hedkwatar Babban Kwamandan Babban Koli. Ba da daɗewa ba, Alexander Vasilevsky ya jagoranci afka wa Konigsberg, wanda ya gudanar da shi a matakin mafi girma.
Kimanin 'yan makonni kafin ƙarshen yakin, Vasilevsky aka ba shi na 2 na Nasara. Sannan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin da Japan. Ya kirkiro wani shiri don kai harin Manchurian, bayan haka ya jagoranci sojojin Soviet a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A sakamakon haka, ya ɗauki sojojin Soviet da Mongolia ƙasa da makonni 4 don fatattakar Sojojin Kwantung na Japan na miliyan. Don ayyukan da aka yi mai ban mamaki Vasilevsky an bashi lambar "Gold Star" ta biyu.
A cikin shekarun bayan rayuwar tarihin rayuwa, Alexander Vasilevsky ya ci gaba da hawa matakan aiki, har ya kai ga mukamin Ministan Yakin USSR. Koyaya, bayan mutuwar Stalin a cikin 1953, aikinsa na soja ya canza sosai.
A cikin 1956, babban kwamanda ya hau kujerar mataimakin ministan tsaro na USSR kan kimiyyar soja Koyaya, a shekara mai zuwa an kore shi saboda rashin lafiya.
Bayan haka Vasilevsky shine shugaba na 1 na Kwamitin Sojojin Soviet na Tsohon Soja. A cewarsa, tsarkakakkun ayyukan da aka yi a shekarar 1937 sun ba da gudummawar farkon Yakin Patan rioasa (1941-1945). Hukuncin Hitler na afkawa USSR ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1937 ƙasar ta rasa yawancin sojoji, waɗanda Fuhrer ya sani sarai.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta Alexander ita ce Serafima Nikolaevna. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, Yuri, wanda a nan gaba ya zama Laftanar-Janar na jirgin sama. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa matarsa 'yar Georgy Zhukov - Era Georgievna.
Vasilevsky ya sake auren wata yarinya mai suna Ekaterina Vasilievna. Yaron Igor an haife shi a cikin wannan dangin. Daga baya Igor zai zama mai daraja gine-ginen Rasha.
Mutuwa
Alexander Vasilevsky ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1977 yana da shekara 82. A tsawon shekarun da ya yi yana bajintar, ya samu umarni da lambobin yabo da yawa a mahaifarsa, sannan ya samu kyaututtuka na kasashen waje kimanin 30.
Hotunan Vasilevsky
