Maria Ni (babu Maryama Stuart; 1542-1587) - Sarauniyar Scots daga ƙuruciya, haƙiƙa tayi mulki daga 1561 har zuwa ajiyarta a 1567, da kuma Sarauniyar Faransa a lokacin 1559-1560.
Mummunan makomarta, cike da juzu'i na "adabi" da abubuwan da suka faru, ya tayar da sha'awar marubuta da yawa.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin rayuwar Maryamu I, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Mary Stuart.
Tarihin rayuwar Mary Stewart
An haifi Maryamu a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1542 a cikin gidan sarautar Scotland na Linlithgow a Lothian. Ta kasance 'yar Sarki James 5 na Scotland da gimbiya Faransa de Marie.
Yara da samari
Masifa ta farko a tarihin Maryamu ta faru ne kwanaki 6 bayan haihuwarta. Mahaifinta ba zai iya tsira daga rashin kunya ba a lokacin yaƙi da Ingila, kazalika da mutuwar 'ya'ya maza 2, waɗanda ke da damar gadon gadon sarauta.
A sakamakon haka, ɗayan halattaccen ɗan Yakubu shi ne Maria Stuart. Tun da yake har ila yau jaririya ce, dan uwanta na kusa James Hamilton ya zama mai mulkin yarinyar. Ya kamata a lura cewa James yana da ra'ayoyin Ingilishi, don godiya ga yawancin mashahurai waɗanda mahaifin Maryamu ya kore su sun koma Scotland.
Bayan shekara guda, Hamilton ya fara neman ɗayan angon da ya dace da Stuart. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarshen yarjejeniyar Greenwich a lokacin rani na 1543, wanda Maryamu za ta zama matar Yarima Yarima ɗan Ingila.
Wannan auren ya ba da damar sake haɗuwa da Scotland da Ingila ƙarƙashin mulkin daular masarauta guda. A cikin faɗuwar shekarar, an ayyana Mariya bisa hukuma Sarauniyar Scots.
Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba rikicin soja ya fara a ƙasar. An cire baron masu goyon bayan Ingilishi daga mulki, kuma Cardinal Beaton da abokan aikinsa, sun mai da hankali ga kusanci da Faransa, sun zama shugabannin siyasa.
A lokaci guda, Furotesta yana daɗa samun ƙarin farin jini, mabiyansu suna ganin Burtaniya a matsayin ƙawayensu. A lokacin bazara na 1546, wasu gungun Furotesta sun kashe Beaton kuma suka karbe masarautar St. Andrews. Bayan wannan, Faransa ta shiga tsakani a rikicin, wanda a zahiri ya kori sojojin Ingilishi daga Scotland.
Tana 'yar shekara 5, aka tura Mary Stuart zuwa Faransa, zuwa kotun Henry II - masarautar da kuma surukinta na gaba. Anan ta sami ilimi mai kyau. Ta yi karatun Faransanci, Sifen, Italia, Girkanci da Latin.
Bugu da kari, Maria ta karanci adabi na zamanin da da na zamani. Ta kasance mai son waƙa, kiɗa, farauta da kuma waƙa. Yarinyar ta tayar da hankali tsakanin manyan Faransawa, mawaƙa daban-daban, gami da Lope de Vega, waƙoƙin sadaukarwa gare ta.
Yakai gadon sarauta
A shekara 16, Stewart ya zama matar magajin Faransa Francis, wanda ke rashin lafiya koyaushe. Bayan shekaru 2 da yin rayuwar aure, mutumin ya mutu, sakamakon abin da iko ya ba Maria de Medici.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an tilasta wa Mary Stewart komawa mahaifarta, inda mahaifiyarta ke mulki, wanda mutane ba sa so musamman.
Bugu da kari, juyin juya halin Furotesta ya hadiye Scotland, sakamakon haka aka raba kotun masarauta zuwa Katolika da Furotesta.
Wasu da na biyun sun yi ƙoƙari su rinjayi sarauniyar a gefensu, amma Maria ta kasance da hankali sosai, tana ƙoƙarin bin tsaka tsaki. Ba ta kawar da Furotesta ba, wanda a lokacin aka riga aka san shi a matsayin babban addini a ƙasar, amma a lokaci guda ta ci gaba da kula da dangantaka da Cocin Katolika.
Bayan da ta samu kanta a kan karagar mulki, Mary Stuart ta sami kwanciyar hankali da daidaito a jihar. Abin mamaki, ba ta amince da Elizabeth I a matsayin Sarauniyar Ingila ba, tunda tana da ƙarin haƙƙin sarautar Ingila. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Elizabeth ita ce magajiyar magajiyar.
Duk da haka, Maryamu ta ji tsoron shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman iko, da sanin cewa da kyar ta iya maye gurbin Elizabeth da ƙarfi.
Rayuwar mutum
Maria tana da kyan gani kuma yarinya ce mai ilimi. Saboda wannan dalili, ta shahara da maza. Bayan rasuwar mijinta na farko, Francis, sarauniyar ta saba da dan uwanta Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, wanda bai dade da zuwa Scotland ba.
Matasan sun nuna tausayin junan su, sakamakon haka suka yanke shawarar yin aure. Auren nasu ya haifar da fushi tsakanin Elizabeth I da Furotesta na Scotland. Tsoffin abokan Maryamu a matsayin Morey da Maitland sun yi wa sarauniyar maƙarƙashiya, suna ƙoƙari su tumɓuke ta daga gadon sarauta.
Koyaya, Stewart ya iya kawar da tawayen. Sabuwar matar da aka zaba ba da daɗewa ba ta kunyata yarinyar, tunda an rarrabe shi da rauni da rashin daraja. A lokacin tarihinta, ta riga ta yi ciki da Henry, amma har ma wannan ba zai iya farka da ita ba game da mijinta.
Jin rashin so da kin amincewa daga matarsa, sai mutumin ya shirya makirci, kuma a gaban Mariya, ya ba da umarnin kisan wanda ta fi so kuma sakataren sirri David Riccio.
A bayyane yake, ta wannan laifin masu makircin zasu tilasta wa sarauniyar tayi sassauci. Koyaya, Maria ta tafi zuwa ga wayon: ta nuna ƙiyayya ta sasanta da mijinta da Morey, wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin sahun maƙarƙashiyar, bayan da ta yi ma'amala da masu kisan.
A wannan lokacin, zuciyar Maryama ta wani mutum ce - James Hepburn, yayin da mijinta ya kasance mata nauyi na gaske. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1567 a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki, an kashe Henry Stuart kusa da Edinburgh, kuma gidan nasa ya fashe.
Marubutan tarihin Maria har yanzu ba su iya cimma matsaya kan ko tana da hannu a cikin mutuwar mijinta ba. Nan da nan bayan haka, Sarauniya ta zama matar Hepburn. Wannan aikin da babu makawa ya hana ta goyon bayan wakilan kotu.
Furotesta masu adawa sun tayar wa Stuart. Sun tilasta mata ta miƙa mulki ga ɗanta Yakov, wanda sarautarsa na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tayar da rikicin. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Maryamu ta taimaki James ya tsere daga Scotland.
Sarauniyar da aka cire an tsare ta a cikin gidan sarauta na Lokhliven. A cewar wasu kafofin, an haifi tagwaye a nan, amma ba a samo sunayensu ba a cikin duk takardun da aka samo. Bayan ya yaudare mai kula, matar ta tsere daga gidan sarautar ta tafi Ingila, tana dogaro da taimakon Elizabeth.
Mutuwa
Ga Sarauniyar Ingila, Stewart koyaushe na yin barazana, tunda ta kasance mai yuwuwar gadon sarauta. Maryamu ba ta ma iya tunanin irin matakan da Alisabatu za ta bi don kawar da ita.
Da gangan tana jan lokaci, Baturen Ingilishi ta shiga yin rubutu tare da dan uwanta, ba ta son ganinta da kanta. Stewart ta yi suna a matsayin mai aikata laifi kuma mai kashe miji, don haka takwarorin Ingilishi za su yanke hukuncin makomarta.
Maria ta tsinci kanta cikin wasika mara kulawa tare da Anthony Babington, wani wakili na sojojin Katolika, inda ta kasance mai biyayya ga kisan Elizabeth. Lokacin da wasiku suka fada hannun Sarauniyar Ingila, nan take aka yankewa Stewart hukuncin kisa.
An fille kan Mary Stuart a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1587. A lokacin tana da shekaru 44 a duniya. Daga baya, ɗanta Jacob, Sarkin Scotland da Ingila, ya ba da umarnin tura tokar mahaifiyarsa ga Westminster Abbey.
Maryamu Stuart ce ta ɗauki hoto
