Eduard Veniaminovich Limonov (ainihin suna Savenko; 1943-2020) - Marubuci ɗan Rasha, mawaƙi, ɗan talla, ɗan siyasa kuma tsohon shugaban Jam’iyyar Bolshevik ta Kasa (NBP) an dakatar da shi a Rasha, tsohon shugaban jam’iyyar da haɗin gwiwar suna iri ɗaya “Sauran Rasha”.
Mai ƙaddamar da ayyukan adawa da yawa. Marubucin ra'ayi, mai shirya kuma mai ci gaba na "Dabara-31" - ayyukan zanga-zangar farar hula a cikin Moscow don kare batun 31st na Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Rasha.
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, Limonov ya yi niyyar zama dan takarar adawa daya tilo a zaben shugaban kasar da aka yi a shekarar 2012. Hukumar zaben tsakiyar Tarayyar ta ki amincewa ta yi masa rajista.
Akwai tarihin rayuwa mai ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Limonov, wanda zamu tattauna a wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Eduard Limonov.
Tarihin rayuwar Limonov
An haifi Eduard Limonov (Savenko) a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1943 a Dzerzhinsk. Ya girma a cikin gidan NKVD Commissar Veniamin Ivanovich da matarsa Raisa Fedorovna.
Yara da samari
Tun da farko, yarinta Edward ya kasance a Lugansk, da shekarun karatunsa - a Kharkov, wanda ke da alaƙa da aikin mahaifinsa. A cikin samartakarsa, yana hulɗa da duniyar masu laifi. A cewarsa, tun yana shekara 15 ya shiga harkar fashi da satar gidaje.
Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, an harbi wani abokin Limonov saboda irin wannan laifin, dangane da abin da marubucin nan gaba ya yanke shawarar barin "sana'arsa". A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, yayi aiki azaman ɗaukar kaya, magini, ƙarfe da kuma masinja a cikin shagon sayar da littattafai.
A tsakiyar 60s, Eduard Limonov ya dinka wando, wanda ya sami kuɗi mai kyau. Kamar yadda kuka sani, a wancan lokacin ana buƙatar irin wannan wando a cikin USSR.
A cikin 1965, Limonov ya sadu da kwararrun marubuta. A wannan lokacin, mutumin ya rubuta 'yan waƙoƙi kaɗan. Bayan wasu shekaru, ya yanke shawarar barin Moscow, inda ya ci gaba da rayuwa ta hanyar dinka wando.
A cikin 1968, Edward ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙin samizdat 5 da gajerun labarai, wanda ya ja hankalin gwamnatin Soviet.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, shugaban KGB, Yuri Andropov, ya kira shi "mai gamsuwa da Soviet". A cikin 1974 an tilasta matashin marubucin barin ƙasar saboda ƙin ba da haɗin kai ga ayyukan musamman.
Limonov yayi kaura zuwa Amurka, inda ya zauna a New York. Abun sha'awa ne anan FBI suka fara sha'awar ayyukansa, suna kiran shi akai-akai don tambayoyi. Ya kamata a sani cewa hukumomin Soviet sun hana Edward zama ɗan ƙasa.
Ayyukan siyasa da adabi
A lokacin bazara na 1976, Limonov ya ɗaure kansa da hannu ga ginin New York Times, yana neman a buga nasa labaran. Littafinsa na farko mai girma da ake kira "Nine Ni - Eddie", wanda yayi saurin samun karbuwa a duniya.
A cikin wannan aikin, marubucin ya soki gwamnatin Amurka. Bayan nasarar farko ta adabi, ya koma Faransa, inda ya yi aiki tare da buga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis "Juyin Juya Hali". A shekarar 1987 an bashi fasfo din Faransa.
Eduard Limonov ya ci gaba da rubuta littattafai waɗanda aka buga a Amurka da Faransa. Wani sanannen ya kawo shi ta wurin aikin "Mai zartarwa", wanda aka buga a cikin Isra'ila.
A farkon shekarun 90, mutumin ya sami nasarar dawo da zama ɗan ƙasar Soviet kuma ya koma gida. A cikin Rasha, ya fara ayyukan siyasa. Ya zama memba na ƙungiyar siyasa ta LDPR na Vladimir Zhirinovsky, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bar ta, yana zargin shugabanta da kusantar da ya dace da shugaban ƙasa da kuma matsakaiciyar misali.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1991-1993. Limonov ya shiga cikin rikicin soja a Yugoslavia, Transnistria da Abkhazia, inda ya yi yaƙi kuma ya shiga aikin jarida. Daga baya ya kafa Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta Kasa, sannan ya bude nasa jaridar "Limonka".
Tunda wannan ɗaba'ar ta buga labaran "ba daidai ba", an buɗe shari'ar laifi a kan Edward. Shi ne mai shirya ayyukan adawa da gwamnati da yawa yayin da aka jifge manyan jami'ai, ciki har da Zyuganov da Chubais da kwai da tumatir.
Limonov ya yi kira ga 'yan kasarsa zuwa juyin juya hali mai dauke da makamai. A shekarar 2000, magoya bayansa sun aiwatar da wani babban mataki a kan Vladimir Putin, bayan haka ne kuma aka amince da NBP a Tarayyar Rasha a matsayin kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma sannu a hankali aka tura mambobinta zuwa gidan yari.
An zargi Eduard Veniaminovich da kansa da shirya wata ƙungiya mai dauke da muggan makamai, kuma an ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru 4.
Koyaya, an sake shi akan sakin fuska bayan watanni 3. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a lokacin da yake kurkuku a kurkukun Butyrka, ya halarci zaɓen Duma, amma bai sami isassun ƙuri'u ba.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwa, an buga wani sabon aiki da Limonov ya yi - "Littafin Matattu", wanda ya zama tushen tsarin marubuta na marubuci, kuma maganganu da yawa daga gare ta sun sami babban suna. Sannan mutumin ya sadu da shugaban ƙungiyar dutsen Grazhdanskaya Oborona Yegor Letov, wanda ya ba da ra'ayinsa.
Da yake son samun goyon bayan siyasa, Eduard Limonov ya yi ƙoƙarin shiga ƙungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi daban-daban. Ya nuna hadin kansa ga Social Democratic Party na Mikhail Gorbachev da karfin siyasa na PARNAS, kuma a 2005 ya fara hada kai da Irina Khakamada.
Ba da daɗewa ba Limonov ya yanke shawarar yaɗa ra'ayinsa, wanda ya buɗe shafin yanar gizo a sanannen sanannen gidan yanar gizo na "Live Journal". A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya buɗe asusu a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a daban-daban, inda ya sanya abubuwa kan batutuwan tarihi da siyasa.
A shekarar 2009, a matsayinsa na jagoran sauran hadin gwiwar Rasha, Eduard Limonov ya kafa kungiyar fararen hula don kare 'yancin taro a Rasha "Dabara-31" - Mataki na 31 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Rasha, wanda ya ba wa' yan kasa 'yancin taruwa cikin lumana, ba tare da makami ba, don gudanar da taruka da zanga-zanga.
Wannan aikin ya sami tallafi daga yawancin 'yancin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar siyasa. A shekarar 2010, Limonov ya sanar da kirkirar jam'iyyar adawa Sauran Rasha, wacce ke da nufin kawar da gwamnati mai ci a kan "doka".
Sannan Edward yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin "Maris na Rashin Jituwa". Tun daga 2010s, ya fara samun rikici da adawar Rasha. Ya kuma soki Euromaidan ta Ukraine da sanannun abubuwan da suka faru a Odessa.
Limonov na ɗaya daga cikin majiɓan magoya baya na haɗe da Kirimiya da Tarayyar Rasha. Ya kamata a lura cewa ya yi daidai da manufar Putin game da ayyukan a cikin Donbass. Wasu masu tarihin rayuwa sunyi imanin cewa wannan matsayin na Eduard ya dace da gwamnatin yanzu.
Musamman, ba a hana ayyukan "Strategy-31" ba, kuma Limonov da kansa ya fara bayyana a TV ɗin Rasha kuma an buga shi a cikin jaridar Izvestia. A cikin 2013, marubucin ya wallafa tarin Wa'azin. Dangane da iko da adawa ta ƙasa ”da kuma“ Neman gafara ga Chukchi: litattafina, yaƙe-yaƙe na, mata na ”.
A cikin faɗuwar shekarar 2016, Eduard Limonov yayi aiki azaman marubuci don sigar harshen Rashanci na gidan talabijin na RT TV. A cikin 2016-2017. daga ƙarƙashin alkalaminsa ya fito da ayyuka 8, gami da "The Great" da "Fresh Press". A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, an buga wasu ayyuka da yawa, gami da "Za a Samu Shugaba Mai Saukin Kai" da "Partyungiyar Matattu".
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin bayanan sirri na Edward, akwai mata da yawa waɗanda ya kasance tare da su a cikin auratayya ta gari da ta hukuma. Matar marubuciya ta farko da ta kasance marubuciya Anna Rubinstein, wacce ta rataye kanta a 1990.
Bayan haka, Limonov ya auri mawaƙa Elena Shchapova. Bayan rabuwa da Elena, ya auri mawaƙa, samfurin da marubuci Natalia Medvedeva, wanda ya zauna tare da shi kimanin shekara 12.
Matar ɗan siyasa na gaba ita ce Elizabeth Blaise, wacce ta zauna tare da ita a cikin ƙa’ida. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa mutumin ya girmi wanda aka zaɓa shekaru 30. Koyaya, alaƙar su kawai ta ɗauki shekaru 3.
A shekarar 1998, Eduard Veniaminovich mai shekaru 55 ya fara zama tare da wata yarinya 'yar makaranta mai shekaru 16 Anastasia Lysogor. Ma'auratan sun zauna tare kusan shekaru 7, bayan haka suka yanke shawarar barin.
Matar Limonov ta ƙarshe ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Ekaterina Volkova, wanda ya fara haihuwar' ya'ya a karon farko - Bogdan da Alexandra.
Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar yin saki a cikin 2008 saboda matsalolin gida. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa marubucin ya ci gaba da ba da muhimmanci ga ɗansa da 'yarsa.
Mutuwa
Eduard Limonov ya mutu ranar 17 ga Maris, 2020 yana da shekara 77. Ya mutu ne daga rikice-rikicen da aikin asibiti ya haifar. Dan adawar ya nemi cewa makusanta ne kawai za su halarci jana'izar tasa.
Wasu 'yan shekaru kafin rasuwarsa, Limonov ya yi wata doguwar hira ga Yuri Dudyu, yana raba abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa daga tarihin rayuwarsa. Musamman, ya yarda cewa har yanzu yana maraba da hade Kirimiya da Rasha. Bugu da kari, ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a hade dukkan yankunan da ke magana da harshen Rasha na Ukraine, da wasu yankuna na Kazakhstan daga China, zuwa Tarayyar Rasha.
Hotunan Limonov
