Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Mohammed Abdel Salam Hamid Abu Menyar al-GaddafiAn sani da kanar Gaddafi (1942-2011) - Juyin juya halin kasar Libya, shugaban kasa, soja da jagoran siyasa, mai yada labarai, a zahiri shine shugaban Libya a tsakanin 1969-2011.

Lokacin da Gaddafi ya yi murabus daga dukkan mukamai, sai aka fara kiransa da shugaban Brotheran uwa kuma jagoran Revolutionan juyin juya halin 1 ga Satumba na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Arab Arab Jamahiriya ko shugaban Brotheran uwa kuma jagoran juyin.

Bayan an kashe shi a shekara ta 2011, an fara gwagwarmaya da makami don neman iko a Libya, wanda ya haifar da wargajewar kasar ta hakika zuwa wasu kasashe masu cin gashin kansu.

Akwai tarihin gaskiya game da tarihin Gaddafi, waɗanda za mu tattauna a wannan labarin.

Don haka, a gabanka akwai takaitaccen tarihin Muammar Gaddafi.

Tarihin Ghaddafi

Ba a san takamaiman ranar haihuwar Muammar Gaddafi ba. Wasu bayanan sun ce, an haife shi ne a ranar 7 ga Yunin 1942, in ji wasu - a cikin 1940, a cikin dangin Bedouin kusa da Qasr Abu Hadi, kilomita 20 daga Sirte na Libya. Shi kadai ne ɗa cikin 'ya'yan 6 na iyayensa.

Yara da samari

Tunda tarbiyyar Gaddafi cikin dangin makiyaya, a koyaushe yana neman wata ƙasa mai ni'ima, ya zauna cikin tanti. Muammar da kansa koyaushe yana jaddada asalinsa na Badawiyya, yana mai alfahari da gaskiyar cewa Badawiyyawa suna da 'yanci da jituwa da yanayi.

Yayinda yake yaro, dan siyasa na gaba ya taimakawa mahaifinsa kiwo, yayin da 'yan uwansa mata suka taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa kula da gida. Gaddafi ya sauya makarantu sau da yawa, saboda dole ne danginsa su yi rayuwar makiyaya.

Bayan an kammala karatu, yaron ya tafi masallaci ya kwana, don haka iyayen ba su da ikon yin hayar ɗansu. Mahaifin Muammar ya tuna cewa a ƙarshen mako, ɗansa ya dawo gida, yana tafiya kusan kilomita 30.

Iyalan Gaddafi sun kafa tantuna kimanin kilomita 20 daga gabar teku. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a lokacin yarinta Muammar bai taɓa ganin teku ba, kodayake yana kusa da kusancinsa. Abin lura ne cewa ya zama ɗa ɗaya tilo ga mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa waɗanda suka sami ilimi.

Juyin juya hali

Tun yana saurayi, Gaddafi ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar siyasa, sakamakon haka ya shiga cikin taruka daban-daban. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar karkashin kasa wacce ke da matsayin kin jinin masarauta.

A cikin faɗuwar shekarar 1961, wannan ƙungiyar ta gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da ficewar Siriya daga Unitedasar Larabawa. Abin mamaki ne cewa Muammar ya yi jawabin rufewa ga masu zanga-zangar. Wannan ya haifar da korarsa daga makaranta.

Duk da haka, matashin Gaddafi, tare da sauran mutane masu tunani iri ɗaya, sun ci gaba da shiga cikin ayyukan siyasa daban-daban, gami da zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin mallaka ga Italiya da kuma goyon bayan juyin juya halin a makwabciyar Algeria.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Muammar Gaddafi shi ne shugaba da kuma shirya matakin don nuna goyon baya ga juyin juya halin Aljeriya. Yunkurin ya zama mai tsananin gaske wanda kusan nan da nan ya zama babban zanga-zangar adawa da masarauta. Saboda wannan, an kama mutumin, bayan haka an kore shi a bayan gari.

Sakamakon haka, aka tilasta Muammar yin karatu a Misurata Lyceum, wacce ya samu nasarar kammalawa a shekarar 1963. Bayan haka, ya yi karatu a kwalejin soja, inda ya kammala da mukamin Laftana. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, mutumin ya yi aiki a cikin sojoji, har ya kai matsayin kyaftin.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa Gaddafi ya yi horo a Burtaniya, inda ya bi duk ƙa'idodi da al'adun addinin Islama - bai sha giya ba kuma bai ziyarci wuraren nishaɗi ba.

Shirye-shirye don shahararren juyin mulkin 1969 a Libya ya fara shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Muammar ya kafa kungiyar adawa da gwamnati OSOYUS (Free Officers Unionist Socialists). Jagorancin wannan motsi a hankali sun tsara tsari don juyin mulki mai zuwa.

A karshe, a ranar 1 ga Satumban, 1969, Gaddafi, tare da dumbin sojoji masu ra’ayi iri daya, suka fara kifar da tsarin masarauta a kasar. 'Yan tawayen ba da daɗewa ba sun karɓi iko da dukkan mahimman wurare. A lokaci guda, masu juyin juya halin sun tabbatar da cewa an rufe duk hanyoyi zuwa sansanonin Amurka.

Duk abubuwan da ke faruwa a jihar an watsa su ta iska. A sakamakon haka, juyin juya halin ya yi nasara, sakamakon haka ne aka kifar da masarauta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, jihar ta sami sabon suna - Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya.

Kimanin mako guda bayan juyin mulkin, an ba Muammar Gaddafi mai shekaru 27 mukamin na kanar da kuma nada shugaban rundunar sojin kasar. A wannan matsayin, ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen zamaninsa.

Hukumar gudanarwa

Bayan zama shugaban zahiri na Libya, Gaddafi ya gabatar da muhimman manufofi 5 na siyasarsa:

Korar dukkan sansanonin kasashen waje daga yankin Libya.
Hadin kan Larabawa.
Hadin kan kasa.
Tsaka tsaki mai kyau.
Haramtawa ayyukan jam’iyyun siyasa.

Bugu da kari, Kanar Gaddafi ya aiwatar da wasu muhimman sauye-sauye, ciki har da sauya kalandar. Yanzu, kidayar ta fara ne daga ranar wafatin Annabi Muhammad. Haka kuma an canza sunayen watannin.

Duk dokoki sun fara dogara ne akan ka'idojin Sharia. Don haka, jihar ta sanya dokar hana sayar da giya da giya.

A cikin 1971, duk bankunan waje da kamfanonin mai sun zama na cikin Libya. A lokaci guda, an aiwatar da tsarkake kawancen 'yan adawa wadanda suka yi adawa da juyin juya halin da kuma gwamnatin yanzu. Duk wasu ra'ayoyi da suka sabawa koyarwar Musulunci an murkushe su a jihar.

Tun lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, Gaddafi ya hade ra'ayoyinsa na siyasa a cikin wata ma'ana a cikin babban aikinsa - "Green Book". Ya gabatar da tushe na Ka'idar Duniya ta Uku. A bangare na farko, an gabatar da Jamahiriya - wani nau'i na tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, daban da masarauta da jamhuriya.

A cikin 1977, aka ayyana Jamahiriya a matsayin sabon salon mulki. Bayan duk canje-canjen, an kirkiro sabbin hukumomin gwamnati: Kwamitin Jama'a, sakatarori da ofisoshi. Muammar aka nada babban sakatare.

Kuma duk da cewa bayan wasu shekaru, Gaddafi ya ba da mukaminsa ga kwararrun kwararru, tun daga wancan lokacin a hukumance ana kiransa Jagoran Juyin Juya Halin Libya.

Mutumin ya yi mafarkin hada Libya da wasu kasashen Larabawa, har ma da kasashen Musulmi da ke cikin tashin hankali don yakar Burtaniya da Amurka. Ya ba da taimakon soja ga Uganda sannan kuma ya goyi bayan Iran a yakin da Iraki.

Manufofin cikin gida a Libya sun sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci. Saboda tsoron juyin juya hali, Gaddafi ya hana kafa dandamali na 'yan adawa da duk wani yajin aiki. A lokaci guda, kafofin watsa labarai suna da cikakken sa ido daga gwamnati.

A halin yanzu, Muammar ya nuna kyashi ga masu adawa da shi. Akwai wata sananniyar harka lokacin da ya hau bayan motar bulldozer ya lalata ƙofofin kurkukun da hannunsa, ya saki fursunoni kusan 400. A tsawon shekarun tarihin siyasarsa, Gaddafi ya kai ga matsayi mai girma a mukaminsa:

Yaki da jahilci - an gina dakunan karatu 220 da cibiyoyin ilimi da na al'adu kimanin hamsin, wanda ya ninka yawan 'yan kasar da ke iya karatu da rubutu.
Gina wuraren wasanni.
Gine-gine da samar da gidaje ga talakawa, godiya ga 80% na yawan jama'a sun sami damar samun gidaje na zamani.
Babban aikin "Babban Kogin da Aka Yi da Mutum", wanda aka fi sani da "Abin mamaki na Takwas na Duniya". An shimfida wani katafaren bututu don samar da ruwa ga yankunan hamada na Libya.

Duk da haka manufofin Muammar sun soki mutane da yawa. A karkashin mulkinsa, kasar dole ta jure rikici da Chadi, ruwan sama ta sama da Sojojin Sama na Amurka suka yi, a lokacin da 'yar Gaddafi ta karbe ta mutu, takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, saboda fashewar jirgin sama, da sauran matsaloli da yawa. Koyaya, babban abin takaici ga mafi yawan 'yan Libiya shi ne kisan shugabansu.

Rayuwar mutum

Matar Gaddafi ta farko wata malama ce a makarantar kuma ‘yar jami’i ce, wacce ta haifa masa ɗa, Muhammad. Bayan lokaci, ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar kashe aure. Bayan haka, mutumin ya auri likita Safiya Farkash.

A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza shida da mace ɗaya. Bugu da kari, sun yi rainon ɗa da 'ya mace. A tsawon shekarun tarihinsa, Muammar ya rubuta labarai da dama, wadanda suka hada da "Birni", "Jirgi zuwa Wuta", "Duniya" da sauransu.

Mutuwa

Kafin mummunan mutuwar Gaddafi, rayuwarsa ta kasance tsakanin 1975-1998 an yi ƙoƙari aƙalla sau 7. A ƙarshen 2010, yakin basasa ya ɓarke a Libya. Mutanen sun bukaci kanal din ya yi murabus, suna kan tituna tare da zanga-zanga.

A safiyar ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2011, wasu gungun sojoji sun kai hari garin Sirte, inda suka kame Muammar. Mutane sun kewaye mutumin da ya ji rauni, suka fara harbawa zuwa sama kuma suna ba da jigon bindigogi a kan fursunan. Gaddafi ya yi kira ga ‘yan tawayen da su dawo cikin hayyacinsu, amma babu wanda ya kula da kalaman nasa.

Muammar Gaddafi ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2011 sakamakon lynin 'yan kasarsa. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yana da shekaru 69. Baya ga tsohon shugaban kasar, an dauki daya daga cikin yayansa fursuna, wanda aka kashe a wani yanayi mara tabbas.

An sanya gawarwakin duka biyun a cikin firji na masana'antu kuma an baje su a bainar jama'a a cikin babban kasuwar ta Misurata. Kashegari, an binne mutanen a ɓoye a cikin hamadar Libya. Ta haka ne aka kawo karshen mulkin Gaddafi na shekaru 42.