Valentin Louis Georges Eugene Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Marubucin Faransa, mawaƙi, marubuci, wakilin zamani a cikin adabi. Ya sami shahara a duk duniya saboda almara mai girma 7 "In Search of Lost Time" - ɗayan mahimman ayyuka na adabin duniya na karni na 20.
Akwai tarihin ban sha'awa da yawa na tarihin Marcel Proust, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin Proust.
Tarihin rayuwar Marcel Proust
An haifi Marcel Proust a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1871 a Faris. Mahaifiyarsa, Jeanne Weil, 'yar wani Bayahude ne dillali. Uba, Adrian Proust, ya kasance shahararren masanin cututtukan cututtuka, wanda ke neman hanyoyin hana cutar kwalara. Ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce da litattafai da yawa kan magunguna da tsafta.
Lokacin da Marcel yake kimanin shekaru 9, ya kamu da cutar asma ta farko, wanda ya addabe shi har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa. A cikin 1882, iyayen sun tura ɗansu ya yi karatu a fitaccen mai suna Lyceum Condorcet. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya kasance mai matukar son falsafa da adabi, dangane da abin da ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana karanta littattafai.
A Lyceum, Proust ya sami abokai da yawa, gami da mai zane Morse Denis da mawaƙi Fernand Greg. Daga baya, saurayin yayi karatu a sashen shari'a na Sorbonne, amma bai iya kammala karatun ba. Ya ziyarci wuraren shakatawa na Farisiyawa daban-daban, inda duk masu babban birnin suka hallara.
Yana ɗan shekara 18, Marcel Proust ya shiga aikin soja a Orleans. Da ya dawo gida, ya ci gaba da sha'awar adabi da halartar tarurruka. A ɗayansu, ya haɗu da marubuci Anatole Faransa, wanda ya annabta kyakkyawar makoma a gare shi.
Adabi
A cikin 1892, Proust, tare da mutane masu tunani iri ɗaya, sun kafa mujallar Pir. Bayan wasu shekaru bayan haka, tarin wakoki sun fito daga karkashin alkalaminsa, wanda masu suka suka karbeshi a sanyaye.
A cikin 1896 Marseille ta wallafa tarin gajerun labarai Joy and Days. Wannan aikin ya sha suka sosai daga marubuci Jean Lorrain. Sakamakon haka, Proust ya fusata ƙwarai har ya kalubalanci Lorrain zuwa duel a farkon 1897.
Marcel ya kasance Anglophile, wanda ke nuna cikin aikinsa. Af, Anglophiles mutane ne waɗanda suke da tsananin son duk Ingilishi (fasaha, al'ada, adabi, da sauransu), wanda ke bayyana kanta cikin sha'awar kwaikwayon rayuwa da tunanin Burtaniya ta kowace hanya.
A farkon karni na 20, Proust yana da hannu dumu-dumu a cikin fassara ayyukan Ingilishi zuwa Faransanci. A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1904-1906. ya buga fassarorin littattafan marubucin Ingilishi kuma marubucin waƙa John Ruskin - The Bible of Amiens da Sesame da Lilies.
Masanan tarihin Marcel sun yi amannar cewa samuwar halayensa ya sami tasiri ne ta hanyar aikin marubuta kamar Montaigne, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Stendhal, Flaubert da sauransu. A cikin 1908, labaran wasu marubuta, wanda Proust ya wallafa, sun bayyana a gidajen buga littattafai daban-daban. Wasu masana sunyi imanin cewa wannan ya taimaka masa ya haɓaka salon sa na musamman.
Daga baya, marubucin marubutan ya zama mai sha'awar rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi batutuwa daban-daban, gami da luwaɗi. Amma kuma mafi mahimmancin aikin Proust shine almara mai girman 7 "In Search of Lost Time", wanda ya kawo masa shahara a duniya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a cikin wannan littafin, marubucin ya yi magana game da jarumai 2500. A cikin cikakkiyar sigar harshen Rasha, "Bincike" ya ƙunshi kusan shafuka 3500! Bayan fitowar sa, wasu sun fara kiran Marcel mafi kyawun marubucin karni na 20. Wannan almara ya kunshi littattafai 7 masu zuwa:
- "Wajen Svan";
- "A ƙarƙashin rufin 'yan mata a cikin furanni";
- "A Jamusawa";
- Saduma da Gwamrata;
- "Kamammu";
- "Gudu";
- Lokaci Aka Samu.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa ainihin fitarwa ya zo ga Proust bayan mutuwarsa, kamar yadda yake koyaushe akan faru da masu fasaha. Abin mamaki ne cewa a cikin 1999 an gudanar da binciken zamantakewar al'umma a Faransa tsakanin masu siyar da littattafai.
Masu shiryawa sun yi niyyar gano mafi kyawun ayyuka 50 na karni na 20. Sakamakon haka, almara ta Proust ta "In Searching of Lost Time" ta ɗauki wuri na 2 a cikin wannan jeri.
A yau abin da ake kira "Marcel Proust questionnaire" sananne ne sosai. A rabi na biyu na karnin da ya gabata, a kasashe da yawa, masu gabatar da shirye-shiryen TV sun yi tambayoyi game da shahararrun masu tambayoyi daga irin wannan tambayoyin. Yanzu sanannen ɗan jaridar nan kuma mai gabatar da TV Vladimir Pozner ya ci gaba da wannan al'adar a cikin shirin Pozner.
Rayuwar mutum
Dayawa basuda masaniyar cewa Marcel Proust dan luwadi ne. Na ɗan lokaci har ma ya mallaki gidan karuwai, inda yake son yin hutu a cikin "ƙungiyar maza".
Manajan wannan ma'aikata shine Albert le Cousier, wanda ake zargin Proust sun yi ƙawance da shi. Bugu da kari, an yaba wa marubucin da samun alakar soyayya da mawaki Reinaldo An. Jigon soyayya tsakanin jinsi guda ana iya gani a wasu ayyukan na gargajiya.
Marcel Proust watakila shine marubucin adabi na farko a wancan zamanin wanda ya kuskura ya bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin maza. Ya bincika matsalar luwaɗi sosai, ya miƙa wa mai karatu gaskiyar abin da ba a ɓoye ba na irin waɗannan alaƙar.
Mutuwa
A ƙarshen 1922, marubucin rubutun ya kamu da mura kuma ya kamu da cutar mashako. Ba da daɗewa ba, mashako ya haifar da ciwon huhu. Marcel Proust ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1922 yana da shekara 51. An binne shi a cikin shahararren kabarin Paris na Pere Lachaise.
Proust Hotuna
