Suleiman I Mai Girma (Qanuni; 1494-1566) - Sarkin Musulmi na 10 na Daular Usmaniyya kuma Khalifa na 89 daga 1538. Wanda ake ganin shine mafi girman sultan na gidan Ottoman; a ƙarƙashinsa, Ottoman Porta ya kai kololuwa.
A Turai, yawanci ana kiran Sultan da Suleiman Mai Girma, yayin da a duniyar Musulmi, Suleiman Qanuni.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Sulemanu Mai Girma, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanka gajeriyar tarihin Sulemanu I Mai Girma.
Tarihin rayuwar Sulaiman Mai Girma
An haifi Suleiman Mai Girma a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1494 (ko 27 ga Afrilu, 1495) a garin Trabzon na Turkiyya. Ya girma a gidan Sarkin Musulmi na Daular Usmaniyya Selim I da ƙwarƙwararsa Hafsah the Sultan.
Yaron ya sami kyakkyawar ilimi, tunda a nan gaba ya kasance masani a cikin harkokin jihar. A cikin samartakarsa, ya kasance gwamnan larduna 3, gami da masarautar Crimea Khanate.
Ko a wannan lokacin, Suleiman ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai hikima, wanda ya yi nasara a kan 'yan kasarsa. Ya shugabanci mulkin Ottoman yana da shekaru 26.
Yana zaune a kan karagar mulki, Suleiman Mai Girma ya ba da umarnin a saki daga kurkukun daruruwan Masarawa da aka kama wadanda suka fito daga dangi masu daraja. Godiya ga wannan, ya sami nasarar kulla dangantakar kasuwanci da jihohi daban-daban.
Wannan isharar ta farantawa Turawa rai, wadanda suke da babban fata na zaman lafiya na dogon lokaci, amma abubuwan da suke tsammani ya zama banza. Kodayake Suleiman bai kasance mai zubar da jini kamar mahaifinsa ba, har yanzu yana da rauni ga cin nasara.
Manufofin waje
Shekara guda bayan hawa gadon sarauta, sarkin ya aika jakadu 2 zuwa ga masarautar Hungary da Bohemia - Lajos, suna masu fatan karɓar haraji daga gare shi. Amma tun da Laishou matashi ne, talakawansa sun ƙi da'awar da Ottoman ɗin suka yi, suna ɗaure jakadan.
Lokacin da Suleiman I ya san shi, sai ya tafi yaƙi da marasa biyayya. A cikin 1521 sojojinsa suka kame sansanin soja na Sabac sannan suka kewaye Belgrade da yaƙi. Birnin ya yi tsayin daka yadda zai iya, amma lokacin da sojoji 400 kawai suka rage daga rukunin dakarunta, sansanin soja ya faɗi, kuma Turkawa suka kashe duk waɗanda suka tsira.
Bayan wannan, Suleiman Mai Girma ya ci nasarori daya bayan daya, inda ya zama daya daga cikin mafiya karfi da karfin iko a duniya. Daga baya ya mallaki Red Sea, Hungary, Algeria, Tunisia, tsibirin Rhodes, Iraq da sauran yankuna.
Har ila yau, Tekun Bahar Maliya da yankunan gabashin Bahar Rum sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Sarkin Musulmi. Bugu da ari, Turkawan sun mallaki Slavonia, Transylvania, Bosnia da Herzegovina.
A cikin 1529, Suleiman I the Maɗaukaki, tare da rundunarsa 120,000, sun tafi yaƙi da Austriya, amma ba su iya cinye ta ba. Dalilin haka shi ne barkewar wata annoba da ta lakume rayukan kusan kashi daya cikin uku na sojojin Turkiyya.
Wataƙila ƙasashen Rasha ne kawai ba su da sha'awar Suleiman. Ya dauki Rasha a matsayin lardin kurma. Kuma duk da haka Turkawa lokaci-lokaci suna mamaye biranen jihar Muscovite. Bugu da ƙari, Crimean Khan har ma ya kusanci babban birni, amma ba a shirya babban yaƙin soja ba.
A ƙarshen mulkin Sulemanu Mai Girma, Daular Usmaniyya ta zama mafi ƙarfi a cikin tarihin duniyar Musulmi. A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa na soja, Sarkin Musulmi ya gudanar da manyan kamfen 13, wanda 10 daga cikinsu a Turai.
A wancan zamanin, furucin "Turkawa a bakin ƙofa" ya firgita duk Turawa, kuma shi kansa Suleiman ya kasance cikin Dujal. Duk da haka yakin basasa ya lalata barna sosai. Kashi biyu cikin uku na kudaden da aka samu ta taskar an kashe su ne kan kula da sojoji 200,000.
Manufofin gida
An kira Suleiman "Maɗaukaki" saboda dalilai. Ya yi nasara ba kawai a fagen soja ba, har ma a cikin lamuran cikin daular. A cikin umarnin sa, an sabunta lambar dokokin, wanda yayi aiki cikin nasara har zuwa ƙarni na 20.
Kashe-kashe da yanke masu laifi ya ragu sosai. Koyaya, masu karɓar rashawa, shaidun ƙarya da waɗanda suka shiga jabun na ci gaba da rasa hannun dama.
Suleiman ya yi umarni da a rage matsin lambar Shari'a - wasu ka'idoji ne da ke tantance imani, tare da samar da lamirin addini da dabi'un Musulmai.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar wakilai na addinai daban-daban suna rayuwa tare kusa da Daular Ottoman. Sarkin Musulmi ya ba da umarnin a inganta dokokin zaman jama'a, amma ba a aiwatar da wasu gyare-gyare ba saboda yawan yaƙe-yaƙe.
A karkashin Suleiman 1 Mai Girma, tsarin ilimin ya inganta sosai. Ana buɗe sababbin makarantun firamare a kai a kai a cikin jihar, kuma waɗanda suka kammala karatun suna da ‘yancin ci gaba da karatunsu a kwalejoji. Hakanan, mai mulkin ya mai da hankali sosai ga fasahar gine-gine.
Shahararren masanin gine-ginen Suleiman - Sinan, ya gina manyan masallatai guda uku: Selimiye, Shehzade da Suleymaniye, wanda ya zama misali na salon Ottoman. Abin lura ne cewa Sultan ya nuna matukar sha'awar wakoki.
Mutumin da kansa ya rubuta waka, kuma ya ba da tallafi ga marubuta da yawa. A lokacin mulkinsa, waƙoƙin Ottoman ya kasance mafi girma. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa sannan sabon matsayi ya bayyana a cikin jihar - mai ba da labari mai rhythmic.
Irin waɗannan sakonnin sun sami karɓa daga mawaka waɗanda dole ne su bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu cikin salon waƙa. Bugu da kari, an dauki Sulemanu Maɗaukaki a matsayin maƙeri mai kyan gani, yana yin zubi da kansa, har ila yau ƙwararren masani ne kan kayan adon.
Rayuwar mutum
Marubutan tarihin Sulaiman har yanzu ba su yarda da yawan mata a zahiri ba a cikin matansa. Abin sani kawai sananne ne game da mashahurin mai mulki, wanda ya haifa masa yara.
Concan ƙwarƙwarar farko na magajin mai shekaru 17 yarinya ce mai suna Fülane. Sun haifi da na kowa, Mahmud, wanda ya mutu sakamakon cutar sankarau yana da shekara 9. Abin lura ne cewa F thatlane bai taka rawar gani ba a tarihin rayuwar Sultan.
Daga ƙwarawa ta biyu, Gulfem Khatun, Suleiman mai Maganan ya haifi ɗa, Murad, wanda shi ma ya mutu tun yana ƙarami. A shekara ta 1562, umarnin sarki ya shaƙe mata. Kuyanga ta uku ta mutumin ita ce Mahidevran Sultan.
Tsawon shekaru 20, tana da babban tasiri a cikin mata da kuma a kotu, amma ba za ta iya zama matar Sulemanu Mai Girma ba. Ta bar jihar tare da danta Mustafa, wanda ya kasance gwamnan daya daga cikin lardunan. Daga baya aka yankewa Mustafa hukuncin kisa kan zargin hadin baki.
Wanda aka fi so kuma shi kadai ne kuyangar Sarki, wanda ya yi aure da shi a shekarar 1534, shi ne Khyurrem Sultan wanda aka kama, wanda aka fi sani da Roksolana.
Roksolana ta sami nasarar tasirin tasirin yanke hukuncin mijinta. Da umarninta, ya kori 'ya'yan da wasu ƙwaraƙwarai suka haifa. Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska ta haifi mijinta yarinya Mihrimah da 'ya'ya maza 5
Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan, Selim, ya jagoranci Daular Usmaniyya bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. A lokacin mulkinsa, daular ta fara dusashewa. Sabon sarkin yana son ciyar da lokaci cikin nishadi, maimakon yin al'amuran jihar.
Mutuwa
Suleiman ya mutu, kamar yadda yake so, a yakin. Wannan ya faru yayin kawancen kagen Hungary na Szigetavr. Suleiman I Mai Girma ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1566 yana da shekara 71. An binne shi a cikin kabarin, kusa da kabarin Roksolana.
Hoton Suleiman Mai Girma
