Ludwig Joseph Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951) - Falsafa kuma masanin ilmin Austriya, wakilin falsafar nazari, ɗayan manyan masana falsafa a ƙarni na 20. Marubucin shirin don gina harshe "mai kyau" na asali, wanda samfurin sa shine yaren ilimin lissafi.
Akwai tarihin abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa na tarihin Wittgenstein, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Tarihin rayuwar Wittgenstein
An haifi Ludwig Wittgenstein a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1889 a Vienna. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin yahudawa haifaffen ƙarfe oligarch Karl Wittgenstein da Leopoldina Kalmus. Shi ne ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya 8 na iyayensa.
Yara da samari
Shugaban dangin yana ɗaya daga cikin mawadata a Turai. Ya shirya tattara 'yan kasuwa masu wadata daga' ya'yansa maza. Dangane da wannan, mutumin ya yanke shawarar kada ya tura yaransa makaranta, amma ya ba su ilimin gida.
Karl Wittgenstein ya bambanta da mummunan halinsa, sakamakon haka ya nemi cikakkiyar biyayya daga dukkan yan uwa. Wannan ya shafi tunanin yara. A sakamakon haka, a ƙuruciyarsu, uku cikin 5 brothersan uwan Ludwig sun ɗauki rayukansu.
Wannan ya haifar da Wittgenstein Sr. sakewa da barin Ludwig da Paul su halarci makaranta na yau da kullun. Ludwig ya gwammace ya kasance shi kaɗai, yana karɓar darasi mafi kyau kuma yana da matukar wahala a sami yaren gama gari tare da wasu mutane.
Akwai sigar da Ludwig yayi karatu a aji ɗaya da Adolf Hitler. Hakanan, ɗan'uwansa Paul ya zama ƙwararren ɗan fyano. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce lokacin da ya rasa hannun dama a yakin, Paul ya ci gaba da ci gaba da kunna kayan kidan.
A cikin samartakarsa, Wittgenstein ya zama mai sha'awar aikin injiniya, sannan kuma da ƙirar jirgin sama. Musamman, ya tsunduma cikin ƙirar maƙerin. Sannan ya fara nuna sha'awarsa game da matsalar tushen falsafar lissafi.
Falsafa
Lokacin da Ludwig yake kimanin shekara 22, ya shiga Cambridge, inda ya kasance mataimaki kuma aboki na Bertrand Russell. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a cikin 1913, matashin masanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawadata a Turai.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Wittgenstein ya raba gado tsakanin dangi, sannan kuma ya ware wani bangare na kudaden don tallafawa mutane masu kirkira. Shi da kansa ya zauna a wani ƙauye na Yaren mutanen Norway, yana rubuta "Bayanan kula a kan dabaru" a can.
Binciken mutumin ya dace da ra'ayoyi game da matsalolin yare. Ya ba da shawarar a bi da ilimin tauhidi a cikin jimloli a matsayin gaskiya, kuma a ɗauki saɓani a matsayin yaudara.
A cikin 1914 Ludwig Wittgenstein ya tafi gaba. Bayan shekara 3 aka dauke shi fursuna. Yayin da yake fursuna a sansanin yaƙi, kusan ya rubuta cikakkiyar sanannen littafinsa "Loabi'a da Falsafa", wanda ya zama ainihin abin mamaki ga duk duniyar falsafa.
Koyaya, Wittgenstein bai taɓa sha'awar shaharar da ta faɗo akan sa ba bayan fitowar wannan aikin. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya koyar a makarantar karkara, sannan daga baya yayi aiki a matsayin mai kula da lambu a gidan sufi.
Ludwig ya tabbata cewa duk manyan matsalolin falsafa a cikin rubutun nasa tuni an warware su, amma a cikin 1926 ya sake duba ra'ayinsa. Marubucin ya fahimci cewa matsalolin har yanzu suna nan, kuma wasu ra'ayoyin da aka zana a littafin nasa ba daidai bane.
A lokaci guda, Wittgenstein ya zama marubucin kamus na yara na yadda ake furtawa da rubutu. A lokaci guda, ya yi gyare-gyare da yawa a cikin "Yarjejeniyar-Hikimar-Falsafa", wanda ya fara wakiltar aphorisms 7.
Babban mahimmin ra'ayin shine asalin tsarin ma'ana na harshe da tsarin duniya. Hakanan, duniya ta ƙunshi hujjoji, kuma ba abubuwa ba, kamar yadda aka gabatar da ita cikin tsarin falsafa da yawa.
Harshen gabaɗaya ba komai ba ne face cikakken bayanin komai a duniya, ma'ana, ga dukkan hujjoji. Harshe yana yin biyayya ga dokokin hankali kuma yana ba da kansa ga tsari. Duk jimlolin da suka saba wa hankali ba su da ma'ana. Abin da za a iya bayyana za a iya yi.
Yarjejeniyar ta ƙare tare da aphorism na bakwai, wanda ke karanta kamar haka: "Abin da ba shi yiwuwa a yi magana game da shi ya cancanci yin shiru game da shi." Koyaya, wannan bayanin ya haifar da suka har a tsakanin mabiya Ludwig Wittgenstein, dangane da abin da ya yanke shawarar yin kwaskwarima ga wannan koyarwar.
A sakamakon haka, masanin falsafar yana da sababbin ra'ayoyi waɗanda ke bayyana harshe azaman tsarin canjin yanayi na mahallin, wanda akwai saɓani a ciki. Yanzu aikin falsafa shine ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi da fahimta don amfani da sassan harshe da kuma kawar da saɓani.
Tunanin baya-bayannan na Wittgenstein yayi aiki don ilmantar da falsafar harshe, sannan kuma ya rinjayi halayyar falsafar nazarin Anglo-Amurka ta zamani. A lokaci guda, a kan ra'ayoyinsa, an tsara ka'idar positivism mai ma'ana.
A cikin 1929 Ludwig ya zauna a Burtaniya, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin Trinity. Bayan Anschluss a 1938, ya zama ɗan ƙasar Bajamushe. Kamar yadda kuka sani, 'yan Nazi suna nuna wa Yahudawa ƙiyayya musamman, suna mai da su cikin zalunci da danniya.
Wittgenstein da danginsa sun zama daya daga cikin yahudawan da Hitler ya basu matsayin launin fata na musamman. Wannan ya kasance galibi saboda ikon kuɗi na masanin kimiyya. Ya sami izinin zama ɗan Burtaniya bayan shekara guda.
A wannan lokacin Ludwig ya gabatar da lacca kan ilmin lissafi da falsafa a Cambridge. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939-1945), ya bar aikinsa na kimiyya don yin aiki da tsari a ɗayan asibitocin. Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, ya bar Jami'ar Cambridge ya mai da hankali kan rubutu.
Wittgenstein yayi aiki don haɓaka sabuwar falsafar harshe. Babban aikin wancan lokacin shine Binciken Falsafa, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwar marubucin.
Rayuwar mutum
Ludwig ya kasance mai ma'anar bisexual, ma'ana, yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da mata da maza. A ƙarshen 1920s, ya haɗu da Swiss Margarita Resinger.
Shekaru 5, yarinyar ta jure rayuwar Wittgenstein ta dabi'a, amma bayan tafiya zuwa Norway, haƙurinta ya ƙare. A can ta ƙarshe ta fahimci cewa ba za ta iya zama ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya da wani masanin falsafa ba.
Masoyan Ludwig sun kasance aƙalla mutane 3: David Pincent, Francis Skinner da Ben Richards. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa masanin kimiyya ya sami cikakkiyar sanarwa, kasancewar sa ƙwararren mawaƙa. Ya kuma kasance mai ƙwarewa da zana gine-gine.
Mutuwa
Ludwig Wittgenstein ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1951 yana da shekara 62. Dalilin mutuwarsa shine cutar sankara. An binne shi bisa ga al'adar Katolika a ɗayan hurumi na Cambridge.
Hotunan Wittgenstein
