Ba da nisa da babban birnin Burtaniya ba, inda gidan Sarauniya Elizabeth II take, akwai wani karamin gari na Windsor. Da alama, da ya kasance wani yanki ne da ba a san shi sosai ba idan da ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata shugabannin Ingila ba su gina kyakkyawar fada a nan ba, a kan bangon Thames.
A yau, an san Masarautar Windsor a duk duniya a matsayin gidan bazara na sarakunan Ingilishi, kuma ɗaruruwan ɗari da dubban masu yawon buɗe ido suna zuwa garin kowace rana don kallon wannan mu'ujizar ta gine-ginen da ƙimar fasahar da aka adana a ciki, don jin sabbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na tarihinta da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar sarauniyar. Har ila yau, ya kamata a tuna cewa tun daga shekarar 1917 dangin masarauta sun ɗauki suna Windsor, waɗanda aka ɗauka don girmama birni da kuma gidan sarauta, don mantawa da asalin Jamusanci.
Tarihin gini na Windsor Castle
Kusan shekaru dubu da suka wuce, William na farko ya ba da umarnin gina zobe na kagara, masu tsayi a kan tsaunuka na wucin gadi, don kare Landan. Ofayan ɗayan waɗannan garuruwa masu mahimmanci shine katanga mai katangar katako a Windsor. An gina shi ne kilomita 30 daga London a cikin kusan 1070.
Tun daga 1110, masarautar ta yi aiki a matsayin ta wucin gadi ko mazauni na sarakunan Ingilishi: sun zauna a nan, farauta, sun more, sun yi aure, an haife su, suna cikin fursuna kuma sun mutu. Sarakuna da yawa suna son wannan wurin, don haka dutse mai faɗi tare da farfajiya, coci, da hasumiyoyi da sauri ya tashi daga sansanin soja na katako.
Akai-akai ana lalata sansanin sansanin sakamakon hare-hare da tokare-yanki kuma an kona wani bangare, amma duk lokacin da aka sake gina shi la'akari da kura-kuran da suka gabata: an gina sabbin hasumiya, an gina kofofi da tudu kanta, an kammala ganuwar dutse.
Wani katafaren fada ya bayyana a cikin gidan sarauta karkashin Henry III, kuma Edward III ya gina gini don taron na Order of the Garter. Yakin Jauhari da Farin Fure (karni na 15), da kuma Yakin Basasa tsakanin 'Yan Majalisa da' Yan Sarauta (a tsakiyar karni na 17), sun haifar da mummunar illa ga gine-ginen Masarautar Windsor. Hakanan, ƙimar fasaha da tarihi da yawa da aka adana a cikin gidan sarauta da coci sun lalace ko lalacewa.
A ƙarshen karni na 17, an kammala sake ginawa a Fadar Windsor, wasu wuraren da farfajiyar an buɗe wa masu yawon bude ido. Babban maimaitawa an riga an aiwatar dashi a ƙarƙashin George IV: an sake fasalin gine-ginen, an ƙara hasumiya, an gina Hall Hall, an sabunta kayan ado na ciki da kayan ɗaki. A cikin wannan sabuntawar, Windsor Castle ya zama babban gidan Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert da babban danginsu. An binne sarauniyar da mijinta a kusa, a Frogmore, wani mazaunin ƙasar da ke kilomita 1 daga ginin.
A ƙarshen karni na 19, an wadata fadar da ruwa da wutar lantarki; a cikin karni na 20, an sanya wutar lantarki ta tsakiya, an gina garaje na motoci na rundunar sarauta, kuma sadarwa ta waya ta bayyana. A cikin 1992, akwai wata babbar gobara da ta lalata ɗaruruwan ɗakuna. Don tara kuɗi don maidowa, an yanke shawarar fara karɓar kuɗi don ziyarar Windsor Park da Buckingham Palace a London.
Na zamani
A yau, Windsor Castle ana ɗaukar shi mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun gidan zama a duniya. Yankinsa yana da filin ƙasa 165x580 m. Don kiyaye tsari da tsara aikin wuraren yawon buɗe ido, tare da kula da ɗakunan sarauta da lambuna, kusan mutane dubu dubu suna aiki a cikin fadar, wasu daga cikinsu suna rayuwa anan har abada.
Kimanin mutane miliyan ne ke zuwa yawon shakatawa a kowace shekara, musamman a ranakun ziyarar da Sarauniya ta shirya. Elizabeth II ta zo Windsor a cikin bazara na tsawon wata ɗaya, kuma a cikin Yuni na mako guda. Bugu da kari, tana yin gajerun ziyara don ganawa da jami'an kasarta da na kasashen waje. Matsayin masarauta, wanda aka daukaka akan fada a irin wadannan ranakun, yana sanar da kowa kasancewar babban mutum na jihar a cikin Fadar Windsor. Damar saduwa da ita tare da 'yan yawon bude ido na gari kadan ne, sarauniyar tana amfani da wata kofar daban ta farfajiyar ta sama.
Abin da zan gani
Iyalan gidan sarauta a siyasar Ingila ba sa taka rawar gani, amma alama ce ta ƙarfi, dorewa da dukiyar ƙasar. Fadar Windsor, kamar Buckingham Palace, an yi niyyar tallafawa wannan iƙirarin. Sabili da haka, kyakkyawan gidan da masarauta a buɗe yake kowace rana don ziyarta, kodayake ba hukuma ce gidan kayan gargajiya ba.
Dole ne ku shafe awanni da yawa kuna binciken ginin, kuma ba a ba da izinin masu yawon bude ido zuwa duk sassansa ba. Babu cunkoson mutane a ciki, saboda an tsara adadin baƙi guda ɗaya. An ba da shawarar yin littafin yawon shakatawa a gaba.
Ya kamata ku nuna halin natsuwa, bayan duk, wannan shine wurin zaman sarauniya da tarurruka na manyan mutane. A ƙofar Castle ta Windsor, ba za ku iya siyan tikiti kawai ba, har ma ku sayi cikakken taswira, kazalika da jagorar sauti. Tare da irin wannan jagorar na lantarki, yana da sauƙin tafiya da kanku, ba tare da shiga ƙungiyoyi ba, yana ba da cikakken kwatancen duk mahimman wurare. Ana bayar da jagororin odiyo a cikin yare daban-daban, gami da na Rasha.
Mafi kyawun gani, wanda wasu masu yawon bude ido suka zo nan sau da yawa, shine sauya mai gadi. Royal Guard, wanda ke lura da tsari da amincin gidan masarauta, kowace rana a lokacin dumi, kuma kowace rana, da karfe 11:00, suna gudanar da sauya bikin masu gadin. Wannan aikin yawanci yakan ɗauki mintina 45 kuma yana tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa, amma idan yanayin rashin kyau lokaci ya ragu kuma an soke rakiyar kida.
A lokacin balaguro, yawon bude ido suna mai da hankali sosai ga abubuwan jan hankali masu zuwa:
- Zagaye Tower... Yawon shakatawa yawanci ana farawa daga wannan hasumiyar mai tsawon mita 45. An gina shi a kan tsauni a matsayin wurin kallo wanda daga gani bayyane yake a fili. Manyan mashahuran Teburin Zagaye sun zauna a ciki, kuma a yau tutar da aka ɗaga sama da hasumiyar tana ba da labarin kasancewar sarauniya a Fadar Windsor.
- Sarauniya Maryam 'yar tsana... An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1920s ba don manufar wasa ba, amma don kama rayuwar da rayuwar yau da kullun ta gidan sarauta. Gidan abin wasa wanda yakai mita 1.5x2.5 yana gabatar da kayan ciki na duk gidan sarauta na Ingilishi a sikelin 1/12. Anan zaku iya ganin ba kawai ƙananan kayan daki ba, har ma da ƙananan zane-zane, faranti da kofuna, kwalabe da littattafai. Akwai lifta, ruwan famfo a cikin gidan, an kunna wutar lantarki.
- Zauren Saint George... Rufinsa yana ɗauke da alamomin sanarwa na Knights da aka sanya wa Order of the Garter. Baƙi masu hankali za su iya ganin rigunan yaƙi na Alexander I, Alexander II da Nicholas I, a dā.
Kari akan haka, sauran dakunan taruwa da harabar sun cancanci kulawa:
- Andananan Chamasa da bersasa.
- Zauren Waterloo.
- Thakin Al'arshi.
Muna ba da shawarar ganin Gidan Hohenzollern.
Suna buɗewa ga baƙi a ranakun da babu tarba ta hukuma. A cikin zauren, ana gabatar da baƙi kayan tarihi, zane-zane na shahararrun masu zane, kayan gargajiya, kayan kwalliya da kuma nunin ɗakunan karatu na musamman.
Ziyara zuwa Masarautar Windsor ta sanar da masu yawon bude ido tare da manyan shafuka na tarihin Burtaniya, ta bayyana duniyar marmari da martabar masarautun Ingilishi.
Bayani mai amfani
Awanni na ofisoshin tikitin balaguro: daga Maris zuwa Oktoba 9: 30-17: 30, a cikin hunturu - har zuwa 16:15. Ba a yarda da ɗaukar hoto a cikin harabar da ɗakin bautar na St. George ba, amma masu yawon buɗe ido suna da hankali kuma suna ɗaukar hotunan kusurwar kyamarar da suke so. Suna ɗaukar hotuna kyauta a farfajiyar.
Daga London, zaku iya zuwa Castle na Windsor (Berkshire) ta tasi, bas da jirgin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, ana siyar da tikitin shiga kai tsaye a kan jiragen ƙasa da ke zuwa tashar Windsor daga tashar Paddington (tare da canja wuri zuwa Slough) da Waterloo. Yana da matukar dacewa - ba lallai bane kuyi layi a ƙofar.
