Ra'ayoyin mutane game da masu tabin hankali suna kama da imani da Allah - ba ya dogara da abin da ya faru ba, amma ga halin mutumin da kansa game da shi. Baya ga gaskiyar ƙananan canje-canje na ilimin halittar jiki da masana kimiyya suka rubuta a cikin mutanen da ke kiran kansu masu ilimin sihiri ko ikirarin suna da ƙwarewar yanayin al'ada, babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da irin waɗannan ƙwarewar.
A gefe guda, kowane mutum ya taɓa fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru ko ayyukan da ba za a iya fassarawa ba daga mahangar hankali, ra'ayin kimiyya. Kowane mutum ya sami daidaituwa mai ban mamaki ko abubuwan da ba za a iya fahimta ba, tunani ko fahimta waɗanda suka zo hankali. Ga wasu yakan faru da yawa, wasu kuma sau da yawa, amma irin waɗannan abubuwan suna faruwa.
Wasu daga cikin masu tabin hankali suna da wasu ƙwarewa, amma sau da yawa mutanen da suke son samun kuɗi ta hanyar yaudarar wasu su sanya suturar su. Gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu yan damfara da yawa ya tabbata ta dala miliyan har yanzu a cikin asusun sanannen mai sihiri James Randi. Masanin yaudarar ya kafa harsashin ne a shekarar 1996, inda yayi alkawarin biyan miliyan daya ga duk wanda ya nuna kwarewar paranormal a karkashin kulawar masana kimiyya. Chwararrun masu ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin litattafansu kan wannan batun kawai suna rubuta cewa suna jin tsoron gwaje-gwajen da ba daidai ba.
James Randi yana jiran mai kudi
1. Paracelsus, wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 16, na iya warkar da marasa lafiya ta hanyar da ba ta mu'amala da su ba. Yayi jayayya cewa raunuka, karaya har ma da cutar daji ana iya magance ta ta hanyar motsa maganadisu akan lalataccen yanki na jiki. Dalibansa da mabiyansa R. Fludd da O. Helmont sun daina amfani da maganadisu. Wai sun gano wani ruwa na musamman da wasu gabobi da sassan jikin mutum suke fitarwa. Ruwan ana kiran sa magnetism, kuma mutanen da suka san yadda ake amfani da shi ana kiransu magnetisers.
Paracelsus
2. Roza Kuleshova ya nuna ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ban mamaki a cikin USSR. Bayan da ta karance karatu a rubutun makafi (wani rubutu ne na musamman makafi), sai ta yi ƙoƙari ta karanta wani littafi kamar haka. Kuma ya juya cewa tana iya karanta rubutattun rubutu da ganin hotuna da kusan kowane sashi na jikinta, kuma saboda wannan ba ta ma buƙatar ta taɓa takardar. Kuleshova ta kasance mace mai sauƙi (ilimi - kwasa-kwasan zane-zane) kuma ba za ta iya bayyana yanayin abin da ke faruwa ba. A cewarta, an haifi hotuna a kwakwalwarta, wacce ta "karanta". Masana kimiyya basu iya fallasa Kulagina ba, kuma ba zasu iya fahimtar yanayin iyawarta ba. Wata budurwa (ta mutu a shekaru 38) an tsananta mata kai tsaye, ana zarginta da duk zunubin mutuwa.
Roza Kuleshova
3. Sunan da Ninel Kulagina sun yi tsawa a duk cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Mace mai matsakaicin shekaru na iya motsa kananan abubuwa ba tare da ta taba su ba, ta tsayar da zuciyar kwado, ta ambaci lambobin da aka nuna a bayanta, da dai sauransu. Jaridun Soviet, abin mamaki, an raba su. Misali, Komsomolskaya Pravda da manema labarai na yankin (Kulagina daga Leningrad ne) suka goyi bayan matar, duk kuwa da cewa Pravda ta buga labarai inda aka kira Kulagina a matsayin mai damfara da damfara. Kulagina kanta, kamar Kuleshova, ba ta iya bayyana abin da ya faru ba. Ba ta yi ƙoƙari ta sami fa'ida daga iyawarta ba kuma ta yarda da yarda da gwaje-gwajen da aka gabatar, kodayake bayansu ta ji daɗi sosai. Bayan daya daga cikin zanga-zangar kyautarta ga masana kimiyya, daga cikinsu akwai malamai uku, karatun hawan jininta ya kasance 230 zuwa 200, wanda yake kusa da suma. Canaƙƙarwar masanan za a iya taƙaita shi a cikin ɗan gajeren magana: "Akwai wani abu, amma abin da ba a bayyane ba."
Ninel Kulagina ya motsa abubuwa ko da a cikin kumburin gilashi
4. A cikin 1970, a kan yunƙurin Kwamitin Tsakiya na CPSU, an ƙirƙiri Kwamiti na musamman don nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ya ƙunshi manyan masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, masana halayyar ɗan adam da wakilan sauran ilimin kimiyya. Masanin halayyar dan adam Vladimir Zinchenko, wanda ya halarci aikin Hukumar, ya tuno shekaru da yawa daga baya cewa saboda abubuwan da ya gani a lokacin, ya kusan rasa imani da bil'adama. Irin wadannan bayin Allah masu fada a ji sun zo taron Hukumar wanda masana kimiyya, har ma da wadanda ke da kyakkyawar niyya game da yiwuwar hauka, willy-nilly ta zama masu shakku. Hukumar ta nitse cikin aminci a cikin tekun "shaidar" kwarewar nakasassu.
5. Shahararren marubucin Stefan Zweig ya rubuta cewa duk gwaje-gwajen akan telekinesis da telepathy, duk masu bayyana ra'ayi, duk masu bacci da waɗanda ke watsa shirye-shirye a mafarki sun samo asalinsu daga gwajin Franz Mesmer. Mesarfin Mesmer na warkewa ta hanyar "sake raba ruwaye" a bayyane yake da ƙari, amma ya yi hayaniya a cikin Paris a ƙarshen karni na 18, yana kula da samun amincewar da yawa daga magabata har zuwa sarauniyar. Mesmer ya ga dalilan ayyukan da ba za a iya fahimta ba wanda mutane suka nitse cikin hayyacin da aka yi su a cikin tsabtataccen ilimin lissafi. Dalibansa sun riga sun yi tunani game da dalilan halayyar mutum don irin waɗannan ayyukan da yanayin tunanin kansa.
Franz Mesmer shi ne na farko da ya sanya shari'ar a kan kasuwanci
6. Wani mummunan rauni ga magoya bayan ka'idar magnetism da mabiya Mesmer ya buge a tsakiyar karni na 19 daga likitan Scotland din James Braid. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da yawa, ya tabbatar da cewa nitsewar mutum a cikin mawuyacin halin rashin hankali ba ta kowace hanya ya dogara da mai sanyin cutar ba. Braid ya sanya batutuwa su kalli wani abu mai haske wanda aka ɗora sama da matakin ido. Wannan ya isa ya sanyaya mutum ba tare da amfani da maganadiso ba, wutar lantarki, wucewar hannu da sauran ayyuka. Koyaya, Braid ya ɗan tsaya a baya kadan don tasirin tona asirin da kuma gaba gaba da yanayin duniya na ruhaniyanci na ruhaniya, don haka nasarar sa ta wuce ta jama'a.
James Braid
7. Ka'idojin sadarwa tare da ruhohi sun wanzu daruruwan shekaru a cikin addinai da yawa, amma ruhaniyanci ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya (sunan da ya dace da wannan tsafin shine "spiritualism", amma akwai aƙalla ruhaniya guda biyu, don haka za mu yi amfani da sunan da ya fi sani) ya kasance kamar cuta mai yaduwa. A cikin 'yan shekaru, farawa a cikin 1848, bautar ruhaniya ta mamaye zukata da rayukan miliyoyin mutane. An sanya hannaye a kan tebur a cikin ɗaki mai duhu ko'ina - daga Amurka zuwa Rasha. Fitattun wakilai da masu akidar wannan motsi sun zagaya cikin kasashe da nahiyoyi kamar taurarin mawaka na yau. Kuma har ma a yanzu, daruruwan majami'u masu ruhaniya na ci gaba da wanzuwa a Burtaniya - sadarwa da ruhohi na ci gaba. FM Dostoevsky ya bayyana abubuwan da ya fahimta game da yanayin sosai. Ya rubuta cewa bai yi imani da sadarwa tare da ruhohi ba, amma wani abu mai ban mamaki yana faruwa a matakan ruhaniya. Idan ba za a iya bayanin wannan sabon abu ta hanyar kimiyya ba, Dostoevsky ya yi imani, to wannan ita ce matsalar ilimin kimiyya, kuma ba alama ce ta yaudara ko yaudara ba.
8. Kowa zai iya gudanar da zaman kansa mafi sauki ta hanyar amfani da zare tare da nauyi ɗaura zuwa yatsan miƙa hannu. Yin lilo da nauyi gaba da gaba yana nufin amsa mai kyau, hagu da dama - mara kyau. Yi tunani cikin tunani game da ruhohi game da abubuwan da suka gabata ko nan gaba - amsoshin da suka dace da ƙwarewar ku da ra'ayoyin ku game da duniya zasu zama daidai. Sirrin shine cewa kwakwalwa cikin nutsuwa yake umarni da kananan motsi na tsokar hannu, “samar da” amsa daidai, daga mahangar ku. Zare tare da nauyi kayan aiki ne don karatun hankali, an yi imani da rabin rabin karni na 19.
9. Masanin kimiyyar lissafin Ingilishi William Barrett ne ya fara magana kan batun yada tunani kai tsaye a cikin 1876. Yarinyar maƙwabcinsa a cikin ƙasa ya nuna kwarewar fasaha wanda ya ba masanin kimiyya mamaki. Ya rubuta takarda a kan wannan don Britishungiyar Ingilishi don Ci gaban Kimiyya. Duk da irin tsananin sananniyar Barrett, amma da farko an hana shi karanta rahoton, sannan kuma aka ba shi damar karantawa, amma an hana shi buga rahoton a hukumance. Masanin ya ci gaba da bincike, duk da sukar abokan aikinsa. Ya kafa Society for Psychiical Research kuma ya rubuta littattafai akan batun da yake so. Bayan rasuwarsa, gwauruwa Barrett ta fara samun sakonni daga marigayi mijinta. Florence Barrett ta fitar da jigon sakonnin a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 1937.
10. Tsawon shekaru 20 a karshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, an dauki wanzuwar sadarwar da aka tabbatar saboda Douglas Blackburn da George Smith. Blackburn ya yi aiki a matsayin editan jarida kuma ya gamu da matsaloli na bai-ɗaya, yana neman ya gaya wa duniya game da ikonsu. Tare da Smith, sun yanke shawarar yaudarar masu binciken rashin jin daɗin rayuwa. Tare da taimakon mai sauƙi, kamar yadda ya fito daga baya, dabaru, sun yi nasara. Ba a yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin wasu 'yan shakku ba, saboda gwajin gwajin ba shi da aibi. Smith na zaune a kan kujera kan matashin kai mai taushi, an ɗaure masa idanu kuma an nade shi daga kai zuwa kafa zuwa cikin barguna da yawa. An gabatar da Blackburn tare da tsarin layuka da ratsi-ratsi. Dan jaridar ya isar da sakonnin cikin tunani, kuma Smith ya kwafe shi daidai. Blackburn da kansa ya tona asirin zamba, wanda a cikin 1908 ya ce da sauri ya kwafe zanen ya boye shi a fensir, inda da hankali ya maye gurbin fensirin da aka yi niyyar Smith. Wancan yana da farantin haske. Ana cire fuskar makafin, "telepath" ta kwafe hoton.
Uri Geller
11. Uri Geller ya gabatar da kyakkyawan misali na samar da kuɗi na ilimin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kusan kusan rabin karni. Ya zama sananne a cikin shekarun 1970s don lanƙwasa cokali da ƙarfi, kwafin zane da aka ɓoye masa da tsayawa ko fara agogo da kallo. Geller ya tara cikakkun gidaje da miliyoyin masu sauraron tashar TV, yana samun miliyoyin daloli. Lokacin da masana suka fara bijiro da dabarunsa kadan-kadan, cikin sauki ya yarda masana kimiyya suka bincika shi. Bincike ya nuna cewa yayin aikin tunani, jikin Geller, galibi yatsun hannu, yana fitar da wani irin kuzari wanda baya faruwa ga talakawa. Amma babu komai - wannan makamashin ba zai iya tanƙwara cokalin ƙarfe ko taimaka wajan ganin ɓoyayyen zane ba. Cokalin Geller an yi shi da ƙarfe na musamman mai laushi, ya leƙa a kan zane, agogon ya zama dabara kawai. Bayyanarwar ba ta hana Geller samun kuɗi mai kyau ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin baƙo mai izini a kan abubuwan da ke nuna ƙwarewa wanda ya shahara.
12. Mafi shahararrun masu tabin hankali a Tarayyar Soviet shine Juna Davitashvili. Karatuttukan sun tabbatar da karfinta na saurin daga zafin jikin wasu sassan jiki da kuma tura zafi zuwa wani jikin dan adam. Wannan ikon ya ba Juna damar magance wasu cututtuka da kuma sauƙaƙa zafi ta hanyar taɓa mara lamba. Duk sauran abubuwa - maganin Leonid I. Brezhnev da sauran shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet, bincikar cututtuka daga hotuna, tsinkaya yaƙe-yaƙe da rikicin tattalin arziki - ba komai bane face jita-jita. Jita-jita kuma bayanai ne game da lambobin yabo na jihohi da yawa da manyan mukamansu na soja.
Juna
13. Mafi yawan mutane ba za su sami wata ƙungiya da sunan Vangelia Gushterov ba. Gauntataccen sigar - Wanga - sananne ne ga duk duniya. Sunan wata makauniya daga ƙauyen Bulgaria wanda ya san yadda ake bincikar cututtuka, ya ratsa rayuwar mutane da hango abin da zai faru nan gaba ya fara yaduwa a shekarun Yaƙin Duniya na II. Ba kamar shugabannin Soviet da masana kimiyya ba, takwarorinsu na Bulgaria ba su binciko ainihin kyautar Vanga ba. A cikin 1967, an mai da ita ma'aikaciyar gwamnati kuma an kafa wani kayyadadden kudi don karbar 'yan kasa, kuma' yan kasashen da ba na gurguzu ba sun biya dala 50 don ziyarar Vanga maimakon kusan 10 rubles ga 'yan kasashen membobin kungiyar CMEA. Jihar ta tallafawa Wang ta kowace hanya kuma ta taimaka wajen maimaita hasashen ta. Mafi yawanci, ana bayyana waɗannan tsinkayen a cikin mafi girman tsari, kamar yadda Nostradamus yayi - ana iya fassara su ta kowace hanya. Bugu da kari, wasu hasashen Wanga sun saba wa wasu. Shekaru biyu sun shude tun bayan mutuwar Vanga, kuma ana iya bayyana cewa yawancin tsinkaya, waɗanda aka bayyana kusan ko specificallyasa musamman, basu cika ba.
Vanga
14. Sylvia Brown ta shahara sosai a cikin Amurka. Abilitiesarfin ƙwaƙwalwarta, a cewar Brown, ya ba ta damar hango abin da zai faru nan gaba, bincika laifuka da karanta tunani ko da a waya ne (daga $ 700 a kowace awa). Brown ta shahara sosai har mutane suna samun kuɗi ta hanyar buga littattafan da suke fallasa ta. Shaharariyar Sylvia ba ta rinjayi ko dai zargin zargin zamba, ko kuma gaskiyar cewa yawancin hasashen da ta yi ba su cika ba - Brown ba shi da ƙarancin Nostradamus ko Wanga kuma yana yin takamaiman bayanai. Idan ba ta yi hasashen cewa "Saddam Hussein yana ɓoye cikin duwatsu ba," amma da ta ce "yana ɓoye, amma za a kama shi," da an tabbatar da nasara. Don haka masu sukar suka sake samun wata damar nunawa - an sami Hussein a ƙauyen. Kuma mafi munin abu shi ne kasancewar ta cikin binciken laifuka a iska a gaban ‘yan uwan wadanda abin ya shafa ko suka bata. Daga cikin laifuka 35, Brown bai taimaka warware ko guda ɗaya ba.
Sylvia Kawa
15. Russell Targ da Harold Puthoff na tsawon shekaru 24 sun janye daga CIA sama da dala miliyan 20, suna yin gwaji tare da watsa tunanin a nesa. An kira aikin a matsayin "Stargate". Gwaje-gwajen sun hada da cewa daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka zaba dole ne ya zauna a dakin gwaje-gwaje, na biyu kuma ya ziyarci wurare daban-daban ya ba da rahoto ta hanyar “alaka ta hankali” CIA ta rarraba binciken tun daga farko, amma bayanan sirri sun faru. Bayanin da aka karɓa ya ba da damar bayyana cewa shari'o'in lokacin da ma'aikacin da ke zaune a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje daidai ya tabbatar da wurin abokin tarayya ya ware kuma zai iya zama daidaituwa.
