Cathedral na Milan yana wakiltar girman kai na duk 'yan Italiyanci, amma kyawunsa bai ta'allaka da girman girmansa ba, amma a cikin ƙananan bayanai. Waɗannan nuances ne ainihin kayan adon ginin, wanda aka yi su cikin salon Gothic. Ya kamata mutum ya kalli fuskoki da yawa, dalilan littafi mai tsarki, abubuwan kirkirar abubuwa, kuma za ku fara fahimtar zurfin bayanin kowane layi, da kuma dalilan yin dogon gini da ado.
Sauran sunayen don Milan Cathedral
Basilica ita ce mafi shahararrun jan hankali a cikin birni, don haka sunan na yanzu ya fi bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen balaguro. A zahiri, alama ce ta Milan, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka raɗa mata suna Duomo di Milano. Mazaunan Italiya sun gwammace kiran Wuri Mai Tsarki da Duomo, wanda ake fassara da "babban coci".
Cocin ma suna da suna na hukuma don girmama Budurwa Maryamu, mai kula da birni. Yana kama da Santa Maria Nachente. A saman rufin babban cocin akwai mutum-mutumi na Saint Madonna, wanda ana iya ganinsa daga wurare daban-daban na Milan.
Janar halaye na basilica
Ginin abin tunawa yana tsakiyar yankin Milan. Filin da ke gaban Katolika na Milan ana kiransa Cathedral Square, kuma yana ba da ra'ayi mai ban mamaki game da tsarin tare da masu yawa spiers. Duk da haɗuwa da salo, salon Gothic mai ɗimbin yawa, yayin da duk babban cocin aka yi shi da farin marmara, wanda kusan ba a taɓa samun sa a cikin sauran gine-ginen irin wannan a Turai ba.
An gina katafaren cocin sama da shekaru 570, amma yanzu zai iya daukar kusan mutane 40,000. Babban cocin yana da tsayin m 158 kuma faɗinsa ya kai mita 92. Mafi girman tsayuwa ya tashi zuwa sama a nesa da mita 106. Kuma duk da cewa girman fuskokin yana da ban sha'awa, ya fi ban sha'awa yadda aka ƙirƙira sassaka da yawa don ado su. Yawan mutummutumai kusan raka'a 3400 ne, kuma akwai ƙarin kayan ado na ado.
Alamar tarihi na Duomo
Tarihi ya bayar da gudummawar wasu teman gidan ibada na da, saboda yawancinsu an lalata su a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa. Cathedral na Milan yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilan wannan karnin, kodayake yana da wahala a faɗi daga ginin. Basilica ana daukarta ainihin gini na dogon lokaci, tunda aka fara aza harsashin ginin a shekara ta 1386.
Kafin matakin farko na gini, wasu wurare masu tsarki sun tsaya akan shafin basilica na gaba, suna maye gurbin juna yayin da mutane daban daban suka mamaye yankin. Daga cikin magabata an san su:
- haikalin Celts;
- Haikalin Roman na allahiya Minerva;
- Cocin Santa Takla;
- cocin Santa Maria Maggiore.
A lokacin mulkin Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti, an yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabuwar halitta a cikin salon Gothic, tunda ba a taɓa samun irin wannan ba a wannan yanki na Turai. Farkon gini shine Simone de Orsenigo, amma da kyar ya iya jure aikin da aka bashi. Sau da yawa mahaliccin aikin sun canza ɗaya bayan ɗayan: an nada Jamusawa, sannan Faransanci, sannan suka koma ga returnedasar Italiya. Zuwa 1417, babban bagadi ya riga ya rigaya an riga an shirya, wanda aka tsarkake shi tun kafin ma a kammala cikakken ginin haikalin.
A 1470, an baiwa Juniforte Sopari wani muhimmin matsayi na ginin babban cocin. Don kawo keɓantaccen tsari, mai zanen gidan yakan juya zuwa Donato Bramante da Leonardo da Vinci don shawara. A sakamakon haka, an yanke shawarar yin tsattsauran Gothic tare da abubuwan Renaissance waɗanda suke cikin yanayi a wancan lokacin. Sai kawai shekaru ɗari bayan haka, a cikin 1572, an buɗe Cathedral na Milan, kodayake har yanzu ba a yi masa cikakken kwalliya ba. Daga bayanin abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi an san cewa a cikin 1769 an kafa mafi girman tsinkaye, kuma an sassaka mutum-mutumi na Madonna mai tsayin 4 m.
A lokacin mulkin Napoleon, Carlo Amati da Juseppe Zanoya an nada su magina, waɗanda suka yi aiki a kan ƙirar facade da ke kallon Square Cathedral. Sabbin masu fasaha sun bi ra'ayin gaba ɗaya na babban aikin, wanda ya haifar da sama da marmara ɗari. Waɗannan “allurai” suna kama da dajin dutse na waje, wanda yake daidai da harshen Gothic mai harshen wuta. Ayyukansu sun zama matakin ƙarshe a cikin halittar babban coci. Gaskiya ne, an gabatar da wasu kayan ado daga baya.
Mutane da yawa suna mamakin tsawon shekaru nawa aka ɗauka don gina Cathedral na Milan, suna la'akari da duk aikin adon, saboda yawancin bayanai suna tabbatar da ƙwazon aikin. Adadin shekarun ya kasance 579. Gine-gine kalilan ne za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan hanya mai mahimmanci da dogon lokaci don ƙirƙirar yanki na fasaha.
Gine-ginen sanannen babban coci
Duomo na iya ba da mamaki ga kowane yawon shakatawa tare da aikin da ba a saba gani ba. Kuna iya ɗaukar awanni kuna duban fuskoki tare da dubban zane-zane da kuma abubuwan da aka tsara daga cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, waɗanda aka ƙware da fasaha ta yadda kowane jarumi yana cike da rayuwa. Yana da matukar wahala muyi nazarin duk kayan adon babban cocin, tunda da yawa daga cikinsu suna can sama, amma hotunan zasu taimaka don ganin ƙirar waje. A ɗaya daga cikin bangon, an ware wuri don sunayen archbishop ɗin garin, waɗanda aka adana sunayensu na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai sauran ɗakuna don sabbin bayanai don wakilan cocin na gaba.
Yawancin abubuwan al'ajabi suna ɓoye a cikin Cathedral na Milan. Da fari dai, akwai wani abin jan hankali a nan - ƙusa wanda aka gicciye Yesu da shi. Yayin hidimar girmamawa na altaukaka Gicciyen Crossetare na Ubangiji, gajimare tare da ƙusa ya sauko kan bagaden don ba taron ƙarin alama.
Muna baka shawara ka karanta game da Cologne Cathedral.
Abu na biyu, haikalin yana amfani da bahon wanka na Masar wanda ya faɗi tun ƙarni na 4 azaman rubutu. Hakanan mahimmin mahimmanci shine mutum-mutumin St. Bartholomew da kabarin Gian Giacomo Medici.
Abu na uku, kayan ado na ciki suna da wadatar gaske kuma suna da kyau saboda haka abu ne mai wuya ba a kula da shi ba. Manyan ginshiƙai sun yi nisa, zane da stucco suna ko'ina. Babban kyawu yana kwance cikin tagogi, inda aka ƙirƙira baƙin gilashi a cikin ƙarni na 15. Hotunan ba sa iya isar da wasan launi kamar yadda aka gani tare da kasancewar mutum a cikin haikalin.
Tsarin babban coci shine wanda zaku iya tafiya akan rufin kuma ku yabawa cibiyar tarihi. Wani ya kalli kayan ado da mutum-mutumi, wani ya yaba da hotunan birni, wani kuma ya ɗauki hotuna daban-daban da ke kewaye da masu marmarin marmara.
Bayani mai ban sha'awa game da gidan ibada na Milan
A cikin Milan, akwai doka ta musamman da ta hana gine-gine hana shingen mutum-mutumi na Madonna. Yayin gina katafaren ginin sama na Pirelli, dole ne a yi watsi da yanayin, amma don kaucewa doka, an yanke shawarar sanya wani mutum-mutumi mai kama da gari a saman rufin ginin zamani.
Coveredasa a cikin haikalin an rufe shi da murfin marmara tare da hotunan alamun zodiac. An yi imanin cewa hasken rana ya faɗi akan hoton, wanda majiɓincin sa ya mamaye a wani lokaci na shekara. Dangane da saƙonnin da aka karɓa, a yau akwai ɗan bambanci da ainihin lambobi, wanda ke da alaƙa da rarar tushe.
Akwai kuɗi don shiga Cathedral na Milan, yayin da tikiti tare da lif yana da kusan ninki biyu. Gaskiya ne, ba shi yiwuwa a ƙi kallon daga rufin, saboda daga can ainihin rayuwar Milan ya buɗe tare da basar Italiya da baƙi na baƙi na birni. Kar ka manta cewa wannan ba kawai jan hankalin 'yan yawon bude ido bane, amma, a sama da duka, wuri ne na addini, inda mata ya kamata su kasance tare da kafaɗunsu da gwiwoyinsu, an kuma hana T-shirts masu yankewa.
