Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki na halitta, Wurin Tarihi na UNESCO, yana cikin Afirka ta Kudu akan Kogin Zambezi. Sunan wannan abin, mai haifar da daɗi da sha'awa, shine Victoria Falls.
Jin sha'awar ba wai kawai ta hanyar ruwan da ke sauka daga tsayin m 120 ba, sannan ya rabe zuwa rafuka daban-daban, ko kuma juyawa zuwa wani kwaya daya, kwatankwacin bangon monolithic, amma kuma kwararar ruwan dafa abinci tare da wata siririyar kwazazzabo, wanda ya ninka tazara 13. fiye da kogin Zambezi da ke fadowa daga kankara. Wani rafi, mai faɗin 1 800 m, yana gangarowa zuwa ƙasa, ya yi ruri a cikin wata matsatsiyar hanya, wanda faɗinsa bai wuce m 140 ba a wuri mafi faɗi na hujinsa. Bugu da ari, bakin kwazazzabo ya ragu zuwa 100 m kuma ruwan yana hanzari ya shiga cikin wannan ramin, yana tofar da gizagizai na ƙaramin feshi wanda ya rataye a cikin iska kuma ya tashi daga tasirin ga ɗaruruwan ɗari da yawa sama da katangar katuwar babbar kogin da ke faɗuwa daga tsayi. Ba ita ce mafi girma daga cikin ruwa a duniya ba dangane da tsawo, amma a cikin girmanta babu shakka ta zarce Niagara da Iguazu Falls.
Ee, ba mafi girma ba, amma mafi fadi. Victoria ita ce rijiyar ruwa daya tilo wacce ke da nisan kusan kilomita 2 a tsayi sama da mita 100. Amma mafi banbanci shi ne dunbin ruwa da ambaliyar ke tunkarowa zuwa kasa: yana da fadi sosai da alama dai a maimakon ruwa, wani gilashi mai santsi ya sauka daga saman dutse. Girma mai yawa: 1.804 Mcfm. Babu wani ambaliyar ruwa a duniya da zaiyi alfahari da irin wannan dutsen!
Bugu da kari, fantsan-lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u suna tashi sama da gabar kogin Batoka, inda akwai wani dan karamin kwazazzabo, wanda ke karbar rafin ruwa (har zuwa mita 400), kuma ana iya ganinsu a tazarar da ta kai kilomita 60 a rana mai haske.
A gefen gabar yammacin Zimbabwe, rafukan Zambezi sun kasu kashi uku ta tsibirai da yawa da ke cike da ciyayi masu dausayi. Gabashin kogin, wanda na jihar Zambiya ne, ya rabu da manyan tsibirai manya da kanana kusan 30.
Zambiya da Zimbabwe suna mallakar "waterfall" a kan daidaito daidai, iyakokin waɗannan jihohin suna kwance tare da kwanciyar hankali bankunan Zambezi.
Kogin yana dauke da ruwansa bisa shimfidar layin Savannah zuwa Tekun Indiya, yana farawa hanyarsa a cikin baƙaƙen baƙi kuma yana wanke gadonsa a cikin dutsen mai yashi mai laushi. Wanke tsibiri tare da kananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, kogin yana da fadi da lalaci har sai da ya isa wani dutse mai duwatsu, daga inda yake gangarowa zuwa ƙasa tare da hayaniya da hayaniya. Wannan shine magudanar ruwa tsakanin babba da tsakiyar Zambezi, iyakar ta Victoria Falls.
Wanene Ya Gano Faduwar Victoria?
Kogin Zambezi ya samo sunansa na ƙasa daga mai binciken ɗan asalin Scotland kuma ɗan mishan David Livingston. Yana da wahala a ce wanda ya fi - mishan ko masanin kimiyya, amma gaskiyar ita ce: David Livingston shi ne Bature na farko da ya sami damar tafiya har zuwa yanzu a gefen gadon wannan kogin na hudu mafi tsayi a Afirka, "yana ɗaukar bangaskiyar Kirista zuwa ga baƙin harsuna", kuma a lokaci guda bincika waɗancan sassan na Afirka inda har yanzu babu wani farin mutum da ya sa ƙafa. Kuma kawai ya mallaki 'yancin a kira shi mai gano Victoria Falls.
Daga ƙabilar Makololo na gida, wanda tun fil azal suka kafa matsugunansu na sauƙi kusa da ruwa a bakin kogin, Livingston ya koyi cewa a cikin yaren yankin sunan kogin yana kama da Kzasambo-Waysi. Ya yiwa alama alama kamar haka a taswirar: "Zambezi". Don haka kogin da ke ciyar da Victoria Falls ya sami suna na hukuma akan duk taswirar ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Wasu Jets na cascade suna da ƙananan da ba su da lokacin da za su koma rafi kuma su watsar da dubban dubunnan fantsama a sararin samaniya, suna haɗuwa da bakan gizo na bakan gizo wanda ke lulluɓe da ambaliyar a koyaushe. Livingston kawai ya cika. Wataƙila bakan gizo wanda ɗan mishan masanin ya gani ya faɗo game da Victoria Falls ya inganta shi. 'Yan kaɗan da suka yi sa'a sun iya lura da wannan lamarin. Wannan na faruwa lokacin da babban matakin ruwa a cikin Zambezi yayi daidai da cikakken wata.
Wani katon farin wata mai launin shuɗi yana shawagi a sararin sama, yana haskakawa, kamar fitilar fatalwa, dajin da ke tsit, da santsi na kogin da ke walƙiya da fararen taurari da kuma ruwan da ke tafasa. Kuma a kan wannan duka an rataye bakan gizo mai launuka iri-iri, wanda aka harba kamar baka da kibiya, wanda karshenta yana kan baƙar fata karau na sama, ɗayan kuma yana nutsar da ɗayan cikin dubunnan ɗaruruwan ruwa.
Kuma duk wannan ɗaukakar yana yiwuwa ne a cikin kwanaki 3 kawai. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi zato, duk da cewa ana ajiye ruwa mai tsayi a Zambiya daga Janairu zuwa Yuli, amma bakan gizo na dare a kan ruwan ba ya “shagaltar da kai” kwata-kwata tare da bayyanar da shi.
Cigaba da tarihin ambaliyar ruwa
Masanin, wanda ya gano wa kansa da kuma sauran duniya duk kyaun gani na tsaftataccen ruwan Kogin Zambezi da ke fadowa daga kan duwatsu a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1855, ya yi mamaki kawai.
- Yana da ƙura daga fikafikan mala'iku! Ya fad'a. Kuma ya kara da cewa, kamar dan Biritaniya na gaskiya, - Allah ya kiyaye Sarauniya! Wannan shine yadda wannan kwandon ruwa ya sami sunansa na Ingilishi - Victoria Falls.
Daga baya Livingston zai rubuta a rubuce-rubucensa: “Wannan shi ne kawai sunan Ingilishi da na taba ba kowane yanki na nahiyar Afirka. Amma, Allah ya sani, ba zan iya yin akasin haka ba! "
Emil Golub (masanin tarihin-mai binciken tarihin Czech) ya kwashe shekaru da yawa a bankunan Zambezi, kodayake ya dauke shi 'yan makwanni kadan kawai don tsara cikakken taswirar ruwan, saboda haka karfin wannan ruwan ya ja hankalinsa. “Ina ciyar da ikon sa! - in ji Emil Golub, - Kuma ba ni da ikon kawar da idanuna daga wannan ƙarfin! " Sakamakon haka, ya isa Victoria Falls a 1875, bai buga cikakken shirinsa ba sai 1880.
Wani mai zane-zane dan Burtaniya Thomas Baines, wanda ya isa Afirka, ya ba da labari game da wani abin al'ajabi na yanayi, zane-zane, inda ya yi kokarin isar da dukkan kyawawan kyawu da birge Victoria Falls. Waɗannan sune hotunan farko na Falls Victoria da Turawa suka gani.
A halin yanzu, ambaliyar ruwa tana da sunaye na cikin gida. Kamar guda uku:
- Soengo (Bakan gizo).
- Chongue-Weizi (Ruwan Bacci).
- Mozi-oa-Tunya (Hayaƙi mai tsawa).
A yau, Lissafin Gado na Duniya ya amince da sunaye biyu da suka dace da ruwan ruwan: Victoria Falls da Mozi-oa-Tunya.
Karin bayanai masu ban sha'awa
Tsibirin, wanda daga farko David Livingston ya sami damar yabawa da martabar ruwan, a yau yana dauke da sunansa kuma yana cikin tsakiyar wannan bangare na canyon saman da yake mallakar ƙasar Zambiya. A Zambiya, an shirya wani wurin shakatawa na kasa a kusa da Falls Victoria, wanda ke ɗauke da sunan "ƙasa" - "Hayakin Hawan Sama" ("Mozi-oa-Tunya"). A gefen ƙasar Zimbabwe akwai filin shakatawa na ƙasa daidai, amma ana kiransa "Victoria Falls" ("Victoria Falls").
Tabbas, dukkanin garkunan dawa da dawakai suna yawo a yankunan wadannan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, raƙumin raƙumi mai wuyan wuya, akwai zakoki da karkanda, amma fahariyar wuraren shakatawa ba fauna ba ce, amma tsirrai ne - dajin Singing, wanda kuma ake kira da Dajin Kuka.
Mafi yawan ƙaramin ɗigon ruwa daga sama suna tazarar mil mil da yawa kewaye da su, kuma ƙurar ruwa tana shayar da bishiyoyin koyaushe suna girma a cikin dajin kuma "hawaye" suna ci gaba da gudana daga gare su. Idan ka matsa kaɗan daga rami don kaɗaɗa sautin hayaniyar ruwa ka saurara, za ka iya jin sautin ringi, wanda aka zana, kwatankwacin daman kirtani - dajin "yana waƙa". A zahiri, ana yin wannan sautin ta hanyar ƙurar ruwa iri ɗaya koyaushe tana shawagi a kan koren tsararru
Me kuma ya cancanci sani?
Tabbas, ambaliyar kanta! Baya ga faɗuwa ta musamman, gwanayen abyss, inda ruwan ya faɗi, su ma na musamman ne, saboda haka ake kiransu "faduwa"
Jimlar faduwa 5:
- Idon Iblis... Galibi ana kiransa "Cataract" ko "Rubutun Iblis". Sunanta shi ne wannan kwalliyar ta halitta, wanda yake kusan 70 m daga saman gefen abyss kuma kusan 20 sq. m. yanki. Kunkuntar kwandon da aka kafa ta faduwar ruwa, ya samo sunan ne daga wani karamin tsibiri da ke makwabtaka, inda kabilun maguzawan yankin suke yin sadaukarwar mutane. Turawan da suka zo bayan Livingstone sun kira wannan sabis ɗin ga baƙin alloli "shaidan", saboda haka sunan tsibirin da kwanon. Duk da cewa yanzu zaka iya sauka zuwa tafkin tare da taimakon mai jagora (wanda ya san takamaiman wane zuriya ce mafi aminci) don yaba ra'ayin da bai dace ba na faduwar ruwa daga tsawan sama da mita 100, Rubutun Iblis har yanzu yana girbin girbinsa na arna, yana ɗaukar 2- Mutane 3 a shekara.
- Babban ambaliyar ruwa... Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan shine labulen ruwa mafi girma da faɗi, yin ruwa daga tsayin mita dubu 700,000 a minti ɗaya. A wasu sassa daga ciki, ruwan bashi da lokacin isa ga kwazazzabon Batoka kuma, iska mai ƙarfi ta ɗauke shi, ya fasa sararin samaniya, ya samar da dubun dubun ƙananan fantsama, yana haifar da hazo mai yawa. Tsayin Babban ruwan sama kusan 95 m.
- Kogin koki ko Dry Falls... Hawan 90-93 m. Ya shahara saboda cewa a tsakanin Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba tana bushewa, kuma a cikin lokuta na al'ada yawan ruwa ba ya haskakawa a cikin ma'anar wannan magana.
- Bakan gizo mai ruwan sama... Mafi girman duka faduwa - 110 m! A rana mai haske, ana iya ganin hazo bakan gizo na biliyoyin rataye rataye na tsawon kilomita da yawa, kuma a nan a kan wata cikakke ne za ku iya ganin bakan gizo na wata.
- Gabatarwa ta gabas... Wannan shi ne karo na biyu mafi girman faduwa da yakai mita 101. Saurin saurin gabas gaba daya yana kan bangaren Zambiya na Victoria Falls.
An yi shafuka da yawa don a iya kallon Falls Victoria kuma a ɗauki kyawawan hotuna da yawa daga kusurwa daban-daban. Mafi shahararren shine Wuka Mai Wuka. Tana nan daidai kan gada akan dukkan ruwan, daga gareta zaka iya ganin Rapids na Gabas, uldarfin Tafasa, da Idon Iblis.
Hotunan da suka rage a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa bayan ziyartar Victoria Falls ba ta da ƙasa da haske ga abubuwan da aka samu yayin ziyartar wannan mu'ujiza ta yanayi. Kuma don sa waɗannan hotunan su zama da wuya a ƙwaƙwalwar ku, zaku iya yin odar balaguro daga kallon idanun tsuntsaye a cikin jirgi mai saukar ungulu ko kuma, akasin haka, kayak ko kwalekwale.
Gabaɗaya, bayan gina layin dogo a shekarar 1905, yawan yawon buɗe ido zuwa rijiyar ya ƙaru zuwa mutane dubu 300 a shekara, amma, tunda ba a lura da kwanciyar hankali na siyasa a ƙasashen Afirka ba, wannan kwararar ba ta ƙaru ba a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata.
