Duwatsun Altai na ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan wurare ba kawai a cikin ƙasarmu ba, har ma a duk duniya, sabili da haka ne ke jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. Yanayin Altai tabbas zai ba da mamaki har ma da mafi kyawun fasinja tare da kyawawan halaye da bambanci. Ba don komai ba cewa tun daga 1998 an sanya tsaunukan Altai na Zinari a cikin jerin wuraren Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, domin sun kasance wasu fannoni na musamman irin na zamani.
Anan za ku ga kyawawan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, gangaren tsaunuka da ke cike da ciyayi masu ɗimbin yawa, tabkuna da rafuka da yawa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa, koguna da koguna, da kuma dabbobi da ke rayuwa musamman a waɗannan wuraren.
Dutsen Altai: halaye na gari
Yawancin yanki na Gorny Altai suna cikin Rasha, wato, a kudu maso gabashin Yammacin Siberia. Wannan yanki mai ban sha'awa ya kuma mamaye yankin Kazakhstan, Mongolia da China. Jimlar tsawon tsaunukan ya kai kimanin kilomita 2000. Tsayin tsaunuka ya fara daga mita 500 zuwa 4500 sama da matakin teku.
Taimakon zamani na Gorny Altai an ƙirƙira shi a cikin zamanin Cenozoic ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin tectonic na ginin tsaunin alpine. Koyaya, koda a zamanin Caledonia, tsaunukan duwatsu sun wanzu a wannan wuri, wanda kusan ɗaruruwan shekaru dubbai suka lalace kusan kuma suka rikide zuwa ƙananan ninki. Saboda daukaka na biyu, filin da ke da tsaunuka ya zama yanki mai duwatsu, wanda za mu iya lura da shi a yau.
Matsayin kasa yana tantance yanayin yankin a cikin Altai. Yanayin bazara yawanci dumi ne amma ana ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin cikin duwatsu ba shi da tabbas. Ranakun rana na iya canzawa tare da ranakun da ake ruwa, kuma saukad da yanayin zafi suna da kaifi sosai, koda a cikin kwana ɗaya. Hunturu a cikin Altai yawanci sanyi ne tare da matsakaita yanayin iska na -15 digiri. Tsayi a cikin tsaunuka, kaurin murfin dusar ƙanƙan ya kai kimanin mita ɗaya, amma a cikin dutsen babu dusar ƙanƙara da yawa.
Tsarin gwanin hanji na Gorny Altai ya ƙaddara kasancewar wadatattun albarkatun ma'adinai. Zinc da jan ƙarfe, quartzite da yasfa, gubar da azurfa ana haƙa su a nan. Kuma babu irin wannan ruwan soda kamar anan ko'ina cikin duniya. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu karafa masu daraja a cikin Altai, wanda ke kara mahimmancin yankin ga kasa baki daya.
Fure da fauna na tsaunin Altai sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Tsire-tsire suna da banbanci sosai a nan, wanda babban bambance-bambancen tsayi ya bayyana. Yankin Alpine da subalpine, taiga, hadaddun gandun daji, steppe da tundra tandra - duk wadannan bel din suna rufe yankin Altai.
Hakanan akwai dabbobi da tsuntsaye da yawa a waɗannan wuraren. A cikin gandun daji na taiga, zaku iya samun wakilan duniyar dabbobi kamar su launin ruwan kasa, dawa, dawar daji, da farin zomo, da wolverine, da kerkeci da sauransu. Da yawa dabbobi da ke zaune a wannan yankin an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja. Daga cikinsu akwai maralli, lynx, roe deer, otter, bustard da sauransu. Duniyar ruwa ta Altai ba ta ƙasa da yanayin rayuwa ba. Akwai kusan nau'in kifaye 20 a cikin ruwan gida.
Dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Altai
Alamar tsaunukan Altai ita ce matattara mafi girma - Dutsen Belukha. Mabiya matsanancin nishaɗi sun daɗe da zaɓar wannan wurin, masu hawa hawa da yawa suna zuwa nan don cin nasarar ƙwanƙolin da ba a iya hana shi. Koyaya, Belukha yana da ban sha'awa ga talakawa masu yawon bude ido, saboda ana iya jin daɗin kyanta a ƙafa, kuma, bisa ga imani da almara na mazaunan wurin, ana tuhumar mutum a nan da ƙarfin makamashi na musamman.
Belukha tana da kololuwa guda biyu - na Gabas, wanda yake a tsawan mita 4509, da kuma na yamma - mai mita 4435. Littlean zuwa gefen shine Delone peak, wanda ke samar da tsauni ɗaya tare da Belukha. Daga samansa ne Kogin Katun ya samo asali.
Yin yawo da hawa Belukha an shirya su musamman don matafiya. Wannan yana sa ya yiwu ba kawai don gwada ƙarfi da juriya ba, har ma don ɗaukar kyawawan hotuna, tare da samun kyawawan halaye da burgewa. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga bayanin mutanen da suka ziyarci Belukha ko a ƙafarta, sun sami wayewar wayewa kuma sun ji ƙarancin makamashi na waɗannan wurare. Ba don komai ba ne 'yan asalin garin Altai suke ɗaukar wannan tsauni mai tsarki.
Tekun Teletskoye
Shahararren tafkin Altai shine Lake Teletskoye. Don jin daɗin kyanta, zaku iya tafiya cikin bakin teku, ko ma mafi kyau, ɗauki jirgin ruwa tare da shi. Crystal tsarkakakken ruwa, wanda ke nuni da kyawawan tsaunuka - wannan hoton zai kasance har abada cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ku. Yanayin Lake Lake Teletskoye ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau kuma ba a fallasa shi da tasirin ɗan adam ba. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman game da yankin Gabas, inda aka ajiye Asusun ajiyar Altai, wanda ya faɗi ƙarƙashin kariyar UNESCO.
Lake Teletskoye sananne ne saboda kyawawan kyawawan rafukan ruwa, yawancinsu ruwa kawai zai iya kaiwa garesu. Daya daga cikin shahararrun shine Korbu waterfall. Tana kusa da ƙauyen Artybash a gabashin bankin tafkin kuma yayi kyau sosai.
Kawai kilomita 4 daga Korbu, akwai wani ambaliyar ruwa wanda ya cancanci kula da masu yawon bude ido - Kishte. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ba za ku iya yaba kyanta ba ta hanyar tafiya cikin jirgin ruwa, tun da yake zuwa bakin teku ba shi yiwuwa a nan.
Kada masoya rairayin bakin teku suyi dogaro da damar yin iyo anan, saboda koda a ranakun bazara, ruwan nan yayi sanyi sosai - kusan digiri 17.
Sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa na Gorny Altai
Dutsen Altai sun riga sun zama abin kallo a cikin kansu, sabili da haka yana da matukar wahala gano takamaiman wuraren da za a iya ba da shawara ga masu yawon buɗe ido don kallo. Baya ga Belukha da Lake Teletskoye, ya kamata matafiya su ziyarci:
- Tsibirin Patmos da Cocin St. John the Evangelist.
- Hadin kan kogunan Biya da Katun.
- Kovdinskie kogo.
- Lake Aya.
- Tafkunan Karakol.
- Tashar wutar lantarki ta Chemal hydroelectric.
- Chulyshman kwarin kogi.
Tsibirin Patmos yana gefen ƙauyen Chemal. Wannan wurin yana matukar birgewa kuma yana da ban sha'awa. Tsibirin dutse mai duwatsu yana tsakiyar tsakiyar Kogin Katun kuma ana wanke shi da ruwan da yake turquoise.
Muna baka shawara ka kalli tsaunin Ural.
An gina haikalin St. John Divine daidai a tsibirin, wanda tarihinsa ya faro tun daga 1849. Kuna iya zuwa gare shi ta hanyar gada ta katako wanda ke lilo akan ruwan Katun.
Kafin shiga gadar, za ku ga fuskar Mahaifiyar Allah da aka sassaka a cikin dutsen - aikin ɗayan zuhudu ne da ke zaune a ƙauyen da ke kusa. A hannun dama na wucewa zuwa tsibirin, masu yawon bude ido na iya sauka zuwa gabar Kogin Katun kuma suna sha’awa da kyan gani daga wani bangare daban.
Dutsen Altai ya shahara saboda ɗayan abubuwan tarihinsu - haɗuwar kogunan Biya da Katun. A wannan lokacin ne kogi mafi ƙarfi da girma a Siberia, Ob, ya samo asali. Ya cancanci zuwa nan don yaba da wani sabon abu na halitta, saboda a wurin haɗuwa da ruwan koguna biyu basa haɗuwa. Turquoise Katun da shuɗi mai haske na Biya sun kasance suna gudana a cikin rafuka biyu na dogon lokaci, sai kawai a hankali suke samun inuwa ɗaya. Kuna iya ganin duk wannan kyakkyawa daga Tsibirin Ikonnikov, wanda ake la'akari da iyakar koguna uku.
Cavdinskie caves suna cikin rukunin yawon buɗe ido "Turquoise Katun" kuma babu shakka sun cancanci kulawar masu yawon bude ido. Suna wakiltar hanyar hanyar wucewa a cikin tsaunin kimanin kilomita 5. Kogunan suna da hanyoyin shiga da fita. Babban Kogon Babban Tavdinskaya ya shahara musamman. A ciki zaka iya ganin zane-zanen dutsen mutanen zamanin da, waɗanda shekarunsu suka fi shekaru 4000. Don jin daɗin baƙi, akwai haske a cikin kogon, kuma ƙofar zuwa ta sanye take da matakai na katako.
Masu yawon bude ido da suka fi son hutun rairayin bakin teku tabbas za su yaba wa Lake Aya. A lokacin rani, ruwan da ke ciki yana ɗumi har zuwa yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau don iyo. Akwai rairayin bakin teku masu biya da kyauta tare da wuraren shakatawa na rana da laima, ban da haka, zaku iya hawa jirgin ruwa ko catamaran. Wurin yanada kyau sosai. An kewaye shi ta kowane bangare da bishiyoyi masu ɗaci da na kwalliya, suna yin tunani a cikin tsarkakakken ruwa. A tsakiyar tafkin akwai wani karamin tsibiri tare da gazebo, wanda za'a iya isa da shi ta jirgin ruwa ko catamaran. Kewayen Tafkin Aya suna da ingantattun kayan more rayuwa. Akwai cibiyoyin shakatawa da yawa, otal-otal, gidajen shan shayi da kasuwanni kusa da nan.
Kogunan Karakol suna cikin tsaunuka na tsaunin Ilgo kuma suna wakiltar hadadden da ke kunshe da magudanan ruwa bakwai da aka haɗa ta rafuka da ruwa. Tekuna suna wurare daban-daban, kuma girman su yana raguwa tare da ƙara tsayi. Ruwan da ke cikin dukkan tafkunan a sarari yake kuma karara.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Chemal hydroelectric tana kusa da tsibirin Patmos, don haka waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen biyu ana iya haɗarsu cikin sauƙi. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, ba a yi amfani da tashar don amfanin da aka nufa da ita ba, amma tana aiki ne kawai a matsayin gidan kayan tarihin 'yan yawon bude ido. Baya ga kyawawan ra'ayoyi waɗanda suka buɗe daga wannan gaba, abubuwan jan hankali waɗanda ke aiki a nan a lokacin rani sun cancanci baƙi.
Kyakkyawan wuri mai kyau a cikin tsaunukan Altai shine kwarin Kogin Chulyshman da Katu-Yaryk Pass. Duwatsu masu tsayi, ƙanana da manya manyan rafuka, tsaunuka masu tsayi - duk wannan yana haifar da farin ciki na gaske kuma yana faranta ido.
Wannan ba duk jerin abubuwan jan hankali bane na tsaunukan Altai ba, saboda kowane kusurwa anan yana da dandanon sa, na musamman da na farin ciki. Tafiya zuwa waɗannan sassan tabbas zai cajin ku da ƙarfin kuzari na dogon lokaci kuma zai ba ku motsin zuciyar da ba za ku iya mantawa da shi ba.
