Daga dukkan abubuwan gani da abubuwa na musamman na Yankin Moscow, Reshen Prioksko-Terrasny ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman - sananne ne a duk duniya don aikin da yake yi na dawo da yawan bison. Wannan wurin yana jin daɗin masoya na ecotourism, iyalai tare da yara da kuma mutane waɗanda ba ruwansu da yanayi. Duk wani baƙo zuwa yankin yakamata ya ziyarci wurin ajiyar; teburin buɗe ido yana buɗe kowace rana.
Ina wurin ajiye Prioksko-Terrasny yake kuma menene sanannen sanannen
Wannan yanki mai kariya shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga duk wuraren ajiyar kuɗi a cikin Rasha, yankin da ke gefen bankin hagu na Oka bai wuce kadada 4945 ba, ɓangarensa yana zaune kusa da yankunan da ke kusa. Bai fi kadada 4,710 da ke karkashin kariya ta musamman ta jihar ba.
Wannan wurin ajiyar yana sananne a matsayin wuri na ƙarshe da ya tsira a cikin yankin Mosko tare da tsaftataccen muhalli, ba kalla ba saboda shigarta cikin World Network of Biosphere Reserves (akwai 41 a Rasha) kuma suna aiki kan maido da yawan bison bishiyar tsarkakakke da faɗaɗa ɗakunan jigilar su.
Tarihin ganowa da ci gaba
Bukatar dawo da yawan bison a farkon karni na 20 a bayyane yake. A cikin 1926, ba mutane fiye da 52 da ke raye a duk gidan zoo a duniya ba. Yakin Duniya na Biyu ya katse aikin titanic a wannan hanyar, a ƙarshen abin da aka buɗe yankuna na kariya da gandun daji kusan nan da nan a cikin USSR da sauran ƙasashen Turai. A lokacin da aka dawo aiki (19 ga Yuni, 1945), yankin Prioksko-Terrasny ya kasance wani ɓangare na Stateasashen Tarayyar Moscow tare da wasu 4; ta sami matsayin mai zaman kanta ne kawai a cikin Afrilu 1948.
Saboda mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, a cikin 1951 an rufe duk wuraren ajiya, ban da Prioksko-Terrasny a yankin Moscow, an rufe su. Shafin da ba shi da halaye na shuke-shuke na kudancin yankin Moscow ("Oka flora") an adana shi ne kawai saboda an buɗe Central Bison Nursery a nan kusa.
Fahimtar haɗarin irin waɗannan halayen, masana kimiyya da gudanarwa sun fara neman matsayin ajiyar ƙasa mai ƙayyadadden yanayin halittu da shiga cikin cibiyar sadarwar UNESCO. Effortsoƙarinsu ya sami nasara tare da nasara a cikin 1979; a halin yanzu, yankin ajiyar yana ci gaba da lura da alamomin muhalli da canje-canje a cikin tsarin halitta cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen Rasha da na duniya.
Flora da fauna na ajiyar Prioksko-Terrasny
Ya cancanci farawa tare da tsire-tsire: akwai aƙalla shuke-shuke mafi girma na 960 a cikin ajiyar, kashi 93% na yankin yana mamaye da dazuzzuka da gauraye. Ragowar ya faɗi ne a kan tsaffin dazuzzuka masu zafin nama, relict sphagnum bogs da gutsutsuren "Oka flora" - keɓaɓɓun yankuna na ciyayi na steppe a cikin makiyaya da filayen ruwa kusa da kogin. Ta hanyar kiyaye aikin muhalli a tsawan tsawan lokaci, yin tafiya zuwa hanyoyin kiyaye yanayi abin ƙwarewa ne a cikin kanta.
Fauna bai fi ƙasa da flora ba har ma ya wuce ta wata hanya: wurin ajiyar Prioksko-Terrasny gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye 140, dabbobi masu shayarwa 57, 10 amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe 5. Idan aka ba da ƙaramin yanki a cikin gandun daji na ajiyar, akwai ma artiodactyls ma da yawa - muz, ja da sira deer, an samu barewa a ko'ina kuma ana lura da ita musamman a lokacin sanyi. Ba a cika ganin boran daji ba sau da yawa; fox ita ce dabba mafi saurin cin nama a yankin. Mazauna yankin na asali - lagomorphs, squirrels, squir, ermines, ferrets na gandun daji da sauran ƙwayoyi - suna da nau'in 18 kuma suna da yawa.
Babban fasali da alfaharin ajiyar shine mazaunin kusan bison 50-60 da bison Amurka 5 akan yankinta. Ana ajiye na farkon a cikin yanayi kamar yadda zai yiwu ga yanayin muhallinsu a yanki mai girman hekta 200 don sake dawo da yawan jama'a, na biyun - don samun bayanan bincike kan karbuwa da nuna dabbobi ga baƙi. Barazanar bacewar wadannan nau'ikan ya fi karfin gani, ba tare da kasancewar gandun daji na Prioksko-Terrasny da sauran yankuna masu kariya kamar haka a wasu ƙasashe ba, al'ummomi masu zuwa za su gansu ne kawai cikin hotuna da hotuna.
A cikin shekarun aikin gandun daji, an haifa kuma an girma bison sama da 600, ana zaune dasu a dazukan Russia, Belarus, Ukraine da Lithuania don dawo da gidan wanka na ɗabi'a. Tare da ƙididdigar yiwuwar kiyaye dabbobi har 60 a gidan gandun daji, ba fiye da manyan mutane 25 da ke zaune a wurin ba har abada. Duk da kawar da barazanar barkewar yawan su daga fuskar Duniya (sama da 2/3 na shugabannin 7000 suna rayuwa a cikin daji), aiki kan dawowar bison zuwa muhallin da ke gudana yana gudana, rukunin bison shine na farko a cikin Red Book of Russia. Kai tsaye a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, an mayar da dabbobi dabbobi zuwa dazuzzukan yankin Smolensk, Bryankovsk da Kaluga, damar rayuwarsu da haifuwarsu mai zaman kanta ta yi yawa.
Yadda ake zuwa ajiyar
Lokacin tafiya da motarku ko motar haya, yakamata adreshin yayi muku jagora: Yankin Moscow, Gundumar Serpukhovsky, Danki. Lokacin barin Moscow, kuna buƙatar matsa kudu tare da manyan hanyoyin E-95 da M2 har zuwa alamun Serpukhov / Danki da Zapovednik. Lokacin amfani da jigilar jama'a, titin zai ɗauki tsayi: da farko, ta jirgin ƙasa kuna buƙatar isa tashar. Serpukhov (kimanin awanni 2 daga tashar jirgin Kursk), sannan ta bas (hanyoyi masu lamba 21, 25 da 31, aƙalla mintuna 35 a kan hanya) - kai tsaye zuwa tasha. "Adana". Mitar tashi bas ba ta da kyau kuma ana ba da shawarar fara tafiya da wuri-wuri yayin zaɓar wannan zaɓin.
Bayani don baƙi
Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve an buɗe don ziyarar kowace rana, daga Litinin zuwa Jumma'a balaguron farawa a 11: 00, 13: 00 da 15: 00, a karshen mako da hutu - kowace sa'a, daga 9:00 zuwa 16:00. Ya kamata a yarda da tafiye-tafiye na mutum a gaba, ƙungiyar za ta tafi ƙarƙashin saiti na 5 zuwa 30 na manya. Ba zai yuwu a shiga ajiyar ba tare da rakiyar ma'aikata.
Farashin tikitin ya dogara da hanyar da aka zaɓa (tare da mafi ƙarancin 400 rubles na manya da 200 yara daga shekaru 7 zuwa 17). Ana ziyartar hanyar hawa-tsayi da wurin shakatawa na muhalli daban. Baƙi na shekarun makarantar sakandare sun shiga yankin kyauta, gwargwadon samar da takaddun da suka dace da kuma bayar da izinin wucewa a wurin biya.
Lokacin shirya tafiya, yana da daraja tunawa da haɗarin ɓacewar rukuni a ranakun mako da yiwuwar canji a buɗewar sa'o'in hutu. Hanyar Eco-"Ta hanyar ganye" da kuma eco-park "Derevo-Dom" an rufe su a lokacin hunturu, a daidai wannan lokacin ana ba da shawarar yin ado da dumi yadda zai yiwu don tafiya (awanni 1.5-2 na tafiya a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau na yanayin duniya yana bayyana yanayin kansu, dusar kankara a wuraren da ba su da tsabta ya kai 50 cm). Kada ku ƙi tafiya a wannan lokacin - lokacin hunturu ne da lokacin bazara yawancin dabbobin ke zuwa wuraren shanyar abinci, a lokacin bazara da bison suna zurfafa.
Muna ba ku shawara ku duba Tauric Chersonesos.
Akwai dokoki masu tsauri kan yankin balaguron (ciki har da hana wucewa tare da dabbobin gida) da nufin kare lafiyar wannan yanki na musamman da kuma tabbatar da amincin baƙi kansu, masu cin zarafin sun biya tarar 5,000 rubles.
Gaskiya da shawarwari masu ban sha'awa
Ayyukan Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve suna da nufin kare hadaddun abubuwa da abubuwa, tattara bayanan kimiyya, kiwon bison da ilimin muhalli. Amma wannan baya nufin ƙi don jan hankalin baƙi; ƙari kuma, an gabatar da shirye-shirye na musamman da tayi don haɓaka baƙon. Mafi banbanci daga cikin su shine shirin "ptaukaka Bison" tare da samar da kayan aikin shekara shekara ga wanda kuke so da kuma zaɓi sunan ɗan bison. A lokaci guda, gudanarwa ba ta watsar da dokar ban dariya ta International Crane Studbook game da bison - duk sunayen 'ya'yan an fara da harafin "Mu" ko "Mo".
Shawarwarin baƙi zuwa Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve shima ya jawo hankalin:
- Hannun iska mai zafi da keken doki.
- Dukkan nau'ikan ayyuka, gami da Bukin Iano na Yaren Yara na Rasha da "ranakun buɗewa" don ayyukan sa kai da masu tafiyar tafiya. Yawancin gabatarwa da tarurruka na duniya ne, ana ba da sanarwar kowannensu akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma.
- Ikon lura da dabbobi akan hasumiya mai tsawon mita 5.
- Samun dama ga kayan fasahar "Lokaci" tare da hotunan 3D na bison da kuma nuna yanayin wuri.
