Genetics kimiyya ne mai matukar ban sha'awa. Profwararrun furofesoshi da masu bincike na ƙaramin matsayi suna ciyar da mutane talakawa da labaran nasarorin da suka samu shekaru da yawa. Suna ganowa, fayyace, bayyanawa da kuma bayyana abubuwa daban-daban. Daga labarin kwayoyin, zamu iya koyon cewa kwayoyin cuta suna da kwayoyin halitta don juriya da maganin rigakafi, me yasa tsutsotsi daga Bermuda haske, yadda mutanen Indochina suka yawaita kuma suka yi hulɗa a zamanin da, kuma, har ma, yana da ɗabi'a amma ba zai yuwu ba canza halittar halittar halittar jariri na ɗan adam. Babu mafita mai amfani a cikin nasarorin masana kimiyyar halittar gado.
Na dabam, yana da daraja a zauna a kan tumakin Dolly, wanda aka fi tallata shi fiye da kowane tauraro. Ba wai kawai wannan ba, kamar yadda ɗayan masu suka ya faɗi yadda ya dace, irin wannan tsari na samun sabon tunkiya tare da ragon rago zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma zai zama mai rahusa sosai fiye da na masana kimiyya. Dolly ta rayu kawai rabin lokacin da aka ware wa tumaki - shekaru 6 maimakon 12 - 16 - kuma ita ma ta mutu ne daga sanadin abin da ba a sani ba. Don haka, akwai shahararrun raguna a duniya, furofesoshi ne ke lura da su, amma ba a san abin da ya mutu ba. Tambayar me yasa aka fara gwaji mai tsada da tsada kai tsaye ana watsar da ita a matsayin wanda bai dace ba - suka lullube ta! Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, karnuka, kuliyoyi, da raƙuma, da kadoji, da makaƙu an riga an rufe su, Ta wata hanya batun sa ido a hankali ya zama ƙara zama mai kamewa. Kwafin dabbobi ba za su iya rayuwa cikin farin ciki ba har abada. Haka kuma, ya zama cewa kwafin ba daidai bane - yanayin har yanzu yana shafar ...
A cikin kasarmu, kwayoyin halitta suna da nasu tarihin. Game da ita, sun ce, a ƙarƙashin Stalin sun ce ita yarinya ce mai lalata ta mulkin mallaka, kuma an lalata duk nau'ikan halittar jini tare da masu ilimin ƙirar. A zahiri, akwai irin gwagwarmayar kimiyya don neman kuɗi da kulawa daga hukumomi. Wata kungiyar masana kimiyya, karkashin jagorancin T. Lysenko, tayi magana game da sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire, karuwar yawan amfanin gona, da dai sauransu. Sauran bangaren yana son yin kimiyyar tsantsar, yayin da ba tayi alkawarin wani sakamako na sauri ko wani sakamako ba kwata-kwata. Kuma ba su yi yaƙi da dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta ba, amma tare da ɗayan ɓarnata, abin da ake kira “Weismanism-Morganism”. A lokaci guda, Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta, da aka kafa a 1933, ba ta dakatar da aikinta ba. Yana aiki yanzu. Kuma jerin nasarorin da Soviet ta samu sannan kuma masana kimiyyar halittar Rasha sun hada da rubuta littafi da "adadi mai yawa na ayyukan kimiyya". Babban ilimin kimiyya bai sanya kowa farin ciki ko dai da sabbin tsirrai ko sabbin dabbobin ba. Ta ci gaba da ganowa da ganowa. Musamman, cewa:
1. Idan kun yi sa'a kun ga malam buɗe ido tare da zane daban daban a fukafukinsa, ku sani cewa hermaphrodite ne. Saboda matsalar rashin kwayar halitta, irin wannan malam buɗe ido yana da halaye na mata da na miji.
2. A shekarar 1993, aka haifi yarinya a Amurka. An haifi jaririn cikin koshin lafiya, amma ya sami ci gaba sosai. Bincike da yawa ya nuna cewa an gajarta sassan karshen chromosomes a jikin yarinyar, wanda ke hana su cudanya da juna. Yarinyar ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 20. Matsakaicin nauyinta ya kai kilogiram 7.2, an kiyasta shekarunta a shekaru 8 bisa yanayin haƙoranta, kuma a cikin watanni 11 ta ci gaban ƙwaƙwalwa.
3. A cikin Taiwan a shekarar 2006, aladun alade ne, wadanda jikinsu ya yi haske a cikin duhu. Masana kimiyya sunyi nasarar gabatar da amsar furotin da aka samo daga jellyfish mai haske cikin DNA na shuka. Aladen na da launin kore koda da rana, kuma ana iya ganin gabobin jikinsu cikin duhu.
4. 'Yan Tibet suna rayuwa cikin lumana a irin wannan tsayayyar da mutanen da ba su da horo daga filayen za su iya rayuwa kawai a cikin mashin oxygen. Highlanders suna da wata kwayar halitta wacce ke kara yawan haemoglobin a cikin jini, don haka suna samun isashshen isashshen oxygen ko da daga siririn iska ne.
5. Sarki Charles na II, Habsburg na ƙarshe a kan gadon sarautar Sifen, ya fito ne daga zuriyar auratayya da yawa. Ba shi da tsohuwa-kaka da kakanni 4, amma biyu ne kawai kowannensu. Saboda zafin, Karl ya sami laƙabi "Mai sihiri". Ya rayu shekaru 39 kawai, mafi yawansu ba su da lafiya.
6. Kowa ya san cewa abota kusa ba ta da kyau. Amma idan mutane biyu da aka haifa ta hanyar zina suka shiga dangantaka, ɗansu zai fi iyayen lafiya. Ana kiran tasirin "heterosis" - wani ƙarfin ƙarfi.
7. Dangantaka ta kusa ma na da amfani ga shanu na launin shuɗi na Belgium. Wannan nau'in shanu da ke bayar da nama mai taushi an same shi ne kwatsam - a jikin daya daga cikin shanun an sauya jinsi, wanda ke da alhakin samar da wani furotin da ke toshe karuwar yawan tsoka. Sunyi wannan nau'in ba tare da wata kwayar halitta ba, kuma sun koya game da maye gurbin kwayar halitta daga baya. Ta hanyar Imani, an gano cewa ya kamata a auna shanu da dangi na kusa kawai.
8. Tawagar kungiyar wake-wake ta Madonna ta hada da wasu gungun mutane na musamman wadanda aikin su kawai shi ne rusa duk wani abu da DNA din mawaƙin za ta ƙunsa. Wannan rukunin suna tsabtace ɗakunan otal, ɗakunan ado, kayan cikin mota da sauran wuraren da Madonna ta kasance a ƙalla na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
9. Saboda bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta, mutanen Asiya ta Gabas suna shan wahala sosai daga warin gumi. Ba ma game da kwayoyin halittu daban-daban ba, amma iri daban-daban na jinsi daya. A sigar "Bature", wannan kwayar halittar tana da alhakin samar da sunadarai daga zufa. Kwayoyin cuta suna lalata wadannan sunadaran kuma suna haifar da wari mara dadi. Asiyawa basa fitar da sunadarai da gumi, kuma kusan babu matsala game da warin.
10. Duk cheetah da ke rayuwa a Duniya na iya zama zuriya daga ma'aurata guda daya, ta hanyar mu'ujiza sun rayu a zamanin Kankara. DNA din dukkanin cheetahs kusan iri daya ne, yayin da a cikin jinsin da yafi dacewa haduwa da kyar ta wuce 80%. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa cheetetet, duk da kokarin mutane, suna mutuwa.
11. Chimera a cikin jinsin halitta wata kwayar halitta ce wacce kwayoyin halittarta daban-daban suke a ciki. Misalin misali shine haduwar amfrayo biyu zuwa daya. Wannan na iya haifar da wasu cututtukan da ba safai ba, amma galibi ana iya gano chimerism tare da zurfin gwajin jini. Musamman, Ba'amurkiya Lydia Fairchild ta yi mamakin sanin cewa, bisa ga gwajin DNA, ba ita ba ce uwa ga yara biyu da ke akwai kuma na ukun suna ciki. Fairchild ya kasance chimera.
12. Kusan 8% na DNA na mutum shine ragowar ƙwayoyin cuta, da zarar kakanninmu masu nisa suka karɓa. Ofayan waɗannan ragowar ana samun su a cikin DNA na kusan dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma an kiyasta shekarunsu miliyan 100.
13. Akwai kwayar halittar mutum, wacce cire ta bisa ka'ida zata iya sanya mutum ya zama mai hankali. An fara samo shi ne a cikin ɓeraye, waɗanda zuriyarsu, bayan cire wannan kwayar halitta, sun zama masu wayo sosai. Daga baya, an samo asalin a cikin DNA ɗin mutum. Ya zuwa yanzu, sha'awar kimiyya na ba da tsoro ga barin ƙirar daga cikin kwalbar - ba a san irin tasirin da irin wannan gyaran mutum zai haifar ba.
14. Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, wata 'yar kasar Switzerland ta kasa shiga Amurka - ba za su iya daukar zanan yatsunta ba saboda rashin layukan papillary gaba daya. Hannun yatsan hannu ya zama bashi da karfi akan adermatoglyphia - rashin zanan yatsu sakamakon maye gurbi na kwayar halittar da ke daukar nauyinsu.
15. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa kwarkwatar kai sun rikide cikin kwarkwata jiki kusan shekaru 170,000 da suka gabata. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarshe game da lokacin da mutane suka fara sanya tufafi a kai a kai.
