Victor Dragunsky (1913 - 1972) sananne ne ga duka mahimmanci a matsayin sanannen adabin yara na Soviet. Labarin Deniskin, wanda ke ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na wasu 'yan makaranta a ƙirji, sun sami karbuwa sosai tun daga farkon masu karatu na kowane zamani. Sabanin ayyukan yara da yawa da aka buga a cikin USSR a rabi na biyu na ƙarni na 20, ba su ɗaukar nauyin akida bayyananne. Deniska Korablev (wanda aka fi so a fim din dan Viktor Dragunsky ne) kuma Mishka Giwaye sun yi karatun kansu kuma sun koya wa ƙananan masu karatu abokantaka, taimakon juna, ƙwarewa, kuma a lokaci guda an koya wa yara ƙananan ƙwarewa masu amfani.
Koyaya, marubucin ya wallafa labaransa na farko yana da shekaru 46, lokacin da ya riga ya sami rayuwa mai ban sha'awa a bayansa. Motsawa daga nahiya zuwa nahiya, da aiki, da yin wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da aiki a matsayin wawa, kuma yaki ya riga ya shigo ciki. Kamar kusan dukkanin takwarorinsa, Viktor Dragunsky yana da damar ɗaukar nauyi da fuskantar matsaloli, amma bai yi kasala ba ya mutu a matsayin sanannen marubuci kuma mahaifin kyawawan yara uku. Anan akwai mahimman bayanai daga tarihin rayuwar Viktor Dragunsky:
1. Mahaifiyar marubuciya mai shekaru 20 Rita Dragunskaya da mahaifinta Jozef Pertsovsky mai shekaru 19 a 1913 sun yi ƙaura daga Gomel zuwa Arewacin Amurka ta lokacin tare da mahaifin Rita. Can, a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1913, aka haifi ɗansu. Koyaya, a Amurka, abubuwa sun faru ba daidai ba ga ma'auratan, mahaifin Rita ya mutu sakamakon guba ta jini bayan cire haƙori mara nasara, kuma a lokacin rani na 1914 dangin suka koma Gomel. Daidai zuwa farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Farko.
New York a farkon karni na ashirin
2. Mahaifin Dragunsky ya mutu a cikin 1918. Victor yana da kakanni biyu: jar komissar Ippolit Voitsekhovich, wanda ya mutu a 1920, da kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo Menachem Rubin, wanda dangin suka zauna tare har zuwa 1925. Bayan tafiye-tafiyen Rubin, dangin sun yi tafiya cikin Rasha. Lokacin da Rubin ya gabatar da tayin kudi mai tsoka, ba tare da wata damuwa ba, ya fara guduwa zuwa Moscow, sannan zuwa Amurka, ya bar danginsa kusan ba tare da samun abin biyan bukata ba.
3. Victor Dragunsky yana da ɗan'uwan mahaifinsa Leonid. Kafin Babban Yaƙin Patasa, ya sami damar yin hidima a kurkuku, kuma a 1943 ya mutu a gaba.
4. Dragunsky kansa ya sha wahala daga asma mai tsanani, kuma bai samu zuwa gaba ba. A cikin 'yan bindigar, rukunin nasa yana gina gine-ginen tsaro kusa da Mozhaisk. Ba tare da kewaye ba, sojojin sun yi nasarar fita zuwa nasu bayan nasarar tankokin yakin na Jamus. Bayan haka, Dragoonsky ya je gaban sau da yawa tare da brigades na masu fasaha.
Mayakan Mosko, 1941. Kula da tufafi
5. A cikin lokacin karatunsa daga darussan makaranta, marubucin nan gaba ya haskaka kamar jirgin ruwa. Bayan kammala makaranta da kyar, Victor ya tafi aiki. Da farko dai, ya kasance mataimaki ne ga mai juyawa a kamfanin Samotochka, sannan kuma ya zama dan bajan-doki - ya yi kwalliyar doki a masana'antar Sport-Tourism.
6. Yaro da samartaka, sun kasance a matakin wasan kwaikwayo, sun ɗauki nauyi, kuma tuni yana da shekaru 17 bayan aiki, ya fara karatu a cikin bita na fitaccen Alexei Diky. Maigidan ya kasance, da farko, yana da saurin yin izgili da kaifin baki, kuma na biyu, ana koyar da adabi a cikin bitar. Wannan yana da tasiri sosai akan aikin Dragoonsky.
Alexey Dikiy a matsayin Stalin
7. Dragoonsky ya fara wasan kwaikwayo ne a shekarar 1935 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sufuri (yanzu yana dauke da Cibiyar Gogol, wacce ta shahara ba don wasan kwaikwayon ta ba, amma saboda manyan laifuka na wawurar kudade). Victor ya sami matsayi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fim din fim, amma aikin ya saba da tsari - akwai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, amma kadan ne suka taka rawa.
8. A cikin 1944, Dragoonsky ya ba kowa mamaki ta hanyar zuwa aiki a cikin circus. A can ya kasance wawa mai launin ja-ja, dutsen ya taka rawar gani sosai. Yara musamman sun fi son sa. Natalya Durova, wacce ta ganshi a matsayin yarinya karama, ta tuno da wasan kwaikwayon Dragunsky har tsawon rayuwarta, kodayake bayan haka ta ga dubban masu kwazo.
Redhead wawa
9. Dragoonsky kusan keɓaɓɓe ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta sami babban nasara tsakanin 'yan wasa da kuma masoya wasan kwaikwayo. A hukumance, ba a ba da aikin yi a cikin ta ta kowace hanya, amma yana ba da fa'ida mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, an nemi Dragunsky ya ƙirƙiri irin wannan ƙaramar ƙungiyar a Mosestrad. Aikin adabi na Viktor Yuzefovich ya fara ne da rubuta zane-zane da kalmomi don parodists. Zinovy Gerdt, Yevgeny Vesnik kuma suna yara ƙuruciya a lokacin Yuri Yakovlev da Rolan Bykov sun yi rawar gani a cikin "Blue Bird" - wannan shine sunan ƙungiyar da Dragunsky ya kirkira.
"Blue Bird" tana yi
10. Iyakar kwarewar aikin Dragunsky a sinima shine yin fim a cikin fim ɗin da aka yaba da Mikhail Romm "Tambayar Rasha", inda ɗan wasan ya taka rawar mai ba da sanarwar rediyo.
Dragunsky a cikin "tambayar Rasha"
11. An rubuta 13 "labaran Denis" na farko a lokacin sanyi na shekarar 1958/1959 a cikin sanyin dacha a cikin unguwannin bayan gari. Dangane da abubuwan tunawa da mutanen zamanin, kafin hakan ya yi korafi game da wani ci baya a cikin aikinsa. An watse “Tsuntsun Birni” - Khrushchev ya narke ya zo, kuma an ba da mahimman bayanan da suka ba da dariya ga masu sauraro a lokacin Stalin a yanzu da kusan rubutu bayyananne, ba tare da wani wuri don rainin wayo ba. Kuma yanzu an maye gurbin ci gaba da kaifin ɗaukar hoto.
12. Samfurin Denis Korablev, kamar yadda aka ambata, ɗan marubuci ne. Abokinsa Misha Slonov shima yana da ainihin samfuri. Abokin sunan Denis Dragunsky shi ne Mikhail Slonim, ya mutu a cikin hatsarin mota a cikin 2016.
Samfurai. Denis a hannun hagu
13. A cikin duka, Dragunsky ya rubuta 70 "Labarun Denis." Dogaro da labarai, an harbe fina-finai 10 da kuma makircin Yeralash newsreel. Bugu da kari, Dragunsky ya rubuta labarai guda biyu, wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da wasannin kwaikwayo.
14. Dacha, ko kuma a ce, gidan wucin gadi (daga baya ya zama gida) wanda ya zama mahaifar "Tatsuniyoyin Denis", Viktor da Alla Dragunsky ne suka yi hayar daga mai sukar adabin Vladimir Zhdanov. Shi, yana da shekaru 50, ya murɗa “rana” a kan mashaya kuma koyaushe yana zagi Dragunsky saboda ya yi kiba (Dragunsky ba shi da kiba, amma yana da ƙarin kilogram 20). Marubucin ya yi dariya kawai-kyakkyawa. Zhdanov, wanda ya fi shekaru biyu da haihuwa kuma ya tsira daga Dragunsky har tsawon shekaru 9, ya mutu ne sakamakon rikitarwa bayan aikin fida da aka yi wanda ya haifar da cutar kansa.
15. Daga aurensa da 'yar fim Elena Kornilova, wacce ta rabu a 1937, Dragunsky yana da ɗa wanda ya mutu a 2007. Haihuwar a 1937, Leonid ya haifi sunan mahaifiyarsa. Ya zama sanannen ɗan jarida da edita, kuma ya yi aiki da jaridar Izvestia na dogon lokaci. Littattafai da yawa sun fito daga ƙarƙashin alƙalaminsa. Leonid Kornilov ya kafa sanannen gidan buga littafin Maroseyka. Mata ta biyu ta Viktor Yuzefovich, Alla Semichastnova, ita ma ta shiga cikin harkar wasan kwaikwayo - ta kammala karatu daga VGIK. A cikin aure na biyu, Dragoonskys sun sami ɗa, Denis, da diyarsa, Ksenia. Labarin "My Sister Ksenia" an sadaukar da shi ne don isowar mama da Ksenia daga asibiti.
16. Matar marubuci ta biyu, Alla, ta girma ne a wani gida da ke kan titin Granovsky, inda shugabannin Soviet da yawa ke zaune. Tana yin nodding saba da yawancin yaransu. Lokacin da Dragunsky ya sami matsala saboda rashin izinin zama na Moscow, Alla ya je ganin Vasily a matsayin mataimakin Soviet Soviet ta ,arshe, kuma ƙudurin ɗan shugaban ya kawar da duk matsalolin.
17. Viktor Yuzefovich ya tattara kararrawa. Gidan su mai daki uku, wanda suka karɓa bayan nasarar Denis's Tales, an rataye shi da kararrawa. Abokan da suka san game da sha'awar marubucin sun kawo shi daga ko'ina.
18. Dragoonsky dan wasa ne sananne. Wata rana yana yawon shakatawa zuwa Sweden kuma ya ga ƙungiyar Soviet masu yawon bude ido. ,Aukar, kamar yadda ya fahimta, kamanin baƙon ɗan Rasha, marubucin ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi magana da su cikin yaren Rasha. Masu yawon bude ido sun gudu cikin tsoro, amma har yanzu Viktor Yuzefovich ya yi nasarar cafke daya daga cikinsu. Ya zama kamar tsohon abokin makarantar Dragunsky ne, wanda ba su gan shi ba tsawon shekaru 30.
19. Tun shekara ta 1968, marubucin yayi rashin lafiya. Na farko, ya sha wahala da mummunan rauni na tasoshin kwakwalwa, sannan Dragoonsky ya sha wahala a bugun jini. Ya ci gaba da ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, har ma da mutuwarsa, Viktor Yuzefovich ya sha azaba mai tsanani.
20. Viktor Dragunsky ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1972 kuma an binne shi a makabartar Vagankovsky.
