Ya kasance mafi sauki ga kakanninmu su koyi iyawa da ka'idojin jikinsu. Gumakan sun ba Falkilnt Falcon kyakkyawar gani, Farin Owl ya yi fari kuma yana gani daidai lokacin da yamma. Legsafafu masu sauri da hannaye masu ƙarfi, hankali mai ƙarfi da kyakkyawar amsa - duk nufin alloli.
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya gabaɗaya kuma musamman magunguna, mutane sun fara koyon wasu dokoki na jikin ɗan adam, amma duk ilimin an sami shi ta hanyar nazarin sauƙaƙan maganganu. Ta wannan hanyar, ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci dalilin da yasa zuciya ke bugawa ko abinci ke motsawa ta cikin gabobin narkewa. Wasu fahimtar aikin jiki azaman tsarin haɗin kai ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin karni na ashirin.
Jikin mutum yana da matukar rikitarwa wanda har yanzu masana kimiyya basu gano yadda kuma me yasa duk yake aiki da kuma yadda za'a gyara shi idan ya lalace. Ci gaba, ba shakka, ba ya tsayawa, amma wani lokacin maƙasudin motsin sa shakku ne. A cikin Amurka da Yammacin Turai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ra'ayin da aka samu game da abin da ake kira. "Cututtuka marasa yaduwa". Zai zama alama cewa wannan sabuwar magana ce kawai a cikin rabewar cututtuka, ba babban abu ba. Amma a zahiri, a cikin wannan rarrabuwa, tare da ƙoshin lafiya da autism, ɓacin rai, kiba da wasu cututtukan da ake shakku sosai an haɗa su. A cewar WHO, kashi 63% na mutanen duniya na fama da irin wadannan cututtukan da ba su yaduwa. Lafiya cututtuka, shi dai itace, kusan ba su samu. Koyaya, wannan bayanin na WHO ya kuma faɗi adadi - na shekaru 10 maganin wannan asibitin na duniya zai ɗauki (za a cire daga aljihun “Marasa lafiya”) dala tiriliyan 47.
Gabaɗaya, idan kun zurfafa bincike cikin jikin mutum, zaku iya samun abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a ciki, masu fa'ida, masu fa'ida, wani lokacin kuma abubuwan ban mamaki.
1. Duk wani, koda motsi mafi kankantar jikin mutum yana faruwa ne sanadiyar raunin jijiyoyi, wanda, bi da bi, kan faru ne sakamakon zafin lantarki da aka watsa tare jijiyoyin. A farkon karni na 19, ba su san ainihin abin da ke faruwa ba, amma likitoci sun riga sun gano tasirin wutar lantarki a kan tsokoki (sanannen kwado Luigi Galvani). A cikin ƙasashen Turai, jama'a masu wayewa sun biya kuɗi da yawa da kayan wasan kwaikwayo don kallon wasan wutan lantarki. Gawarwakin masu aikata laifuka na jihar, a ƙarƙashin tasirin wutar lantarki, sun buɗe idanunsu, sun lanƙwara hannayensu da ƙafafunsu, suna jujjuya yatsunsu har ma suna numfashi.
2. Wanda ya kirkiro ma'aunin yanayin zafi na Mercury Sanctoritus shine farkon wanda yayi tunani game da gaskiyar cewa nauyin mutum yana canzawa cikin kankanin lokaci. Wannan likitan dan italiya ya hada sikeli na musamman wanda ya nuna karara cewa mutum ya rasa nauyi, koda kuwa a yanayi mai kyau, ma'ana, ba tare da gumi da yawa ba. Daga baya an gano cewa a lokacin sanyi mai sanyi mutum yana fitar da kimanin g 80 na carbon dioxide a kowace rana, aƙalla 150 g na ruwa tare da numfashi da aƙalla 250 g saboda danshin zufa. Yin aikin wahala a yanayin zafi mai zafi, mutum na iya fitar da lita 4 na gumi a kowace awa. Rashin nauyi a mafi yawan lokuta yana nufin cewa kitse da tsoka sun fara sakin ruwa a cikin jini, yana rage nauyinsu da nauyin jikinsu gaba daya. Akasin haka, lokacin da mutum ya sha ruwa mai yawa a daidai haɗuwarsa cikin jini, ruwa mai yawa yana shiga cikin tsokoki da kayan adipose.
Sactorithus akan ma'auninsa
3. A shekarar 1950 - 1960 dan kasar Faransa Alain Bombard ya sami karbuwa a duniya. Wani likita daga kasar Faransa ya yi kokarin tabbatar da cewa matukan jirgin da jirginsu ya lalace ba su mutu ba saboda yunwa ko rashin ruwa a jiki, amma saboda firgici da rashin iya sarrafa kansu. Bombar ya sami ci gaba sosai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - Bafaranshe ɗan Faransa mai ƙawance yana faɗaɗa iyawar ɗan adam, da sauransu. A zahiri, tafiyar Bombar kusan ta ƙare da mutuwarsa. Ya bushe, yayi sirara, yana fama da tsananin wahayi, an ɗauke shi kwanaki 65 bayan fara iyo. Tare da duk kokarin da likitan wancan lokacin yayi, Bombar bai rabu da matsalolin lafiya ba har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa. A ka'ida, sabon ruwan teku da ya tsintsa daga cikin kifin da aka kama ya zama mai gishiri sosai ga jikin mutum, wanda ke da illa ga yanayin kusan dukkanin gabobin ciki.
Alain Bombard a farkon kasadarsa
4. Vampires na mutane suna wanzu a zahiri. Yanzu su, ba shakka, basa afkawa wasu mutane don shan jini, amma a zahiri, suna wahala daga hasken rana har zuwa lalata kayan jikin, kuma da gaske suna bukatar sabo jini. Porphyria sunan cuta ce mai saurin cutar hanta wanda ba a hada haemoglobin daidai. A zamanin yau, sun koya yadda za su magance shi tare da taimakon allurar haemoglobin. Kuma a tsakiyar zamanai, irin waɗannan mutane na iya zama asalin mummunan labari - shan jini, kodayake haemoglobin yana cike da ƙoshin ciki, da gaske yana sauƙaƙa wahalar marasa lafiya da cutar sankara, kuma hare-hare don shayar da irin wannan ƙishirwa na iya faruwa. Bugu da ƙari, tare da hayayyafa da ke da alaƙa da juna a cikin al'ummomin da aka rufe, vampires na iya zama gama gari.
5. Barci ya zama dole ga mutum kamar abinci da ruwa. Consideredarancin bacci ana ɗaukarsa wata hanya ce mai saurin sauri da abin dogaro don takurawa mutum. Ilimin halin dan Adam na bacci har yanzu ba ayi cikakken nazari ba, saboda haka a wasu lokuta likitoci basa iya bayanin yadda mutanen da basuyi bacci tsawon shekaru suke rayuwa ba. Mafi shahararrun su ana iya ɗaukar Yakov Tsiperovich. Bayan ya mutu a asibiti a 1979, ya daina yin barci gabaki ɗaya. Da farko, mummunan azaba ya addabi Yakubu, amma daga baya jiki, ga alama, ya sami damar daidaita shi. Diyyar rashin bacci ya inganta aikin jiki da jinkirin tsufa na jiki.
Phineas Gage. Wani yanki na karfafawa ya kasance a kansa.
6. Lalacewar kwakwalwa ba koyaushe yake haifar da mutuwa ba. Sanannen lamarin Phineas Gage, wanda ya rasa kashi 11% na farin abu da kuma kashi 4% na ƙwayar jijiya a sakamakon rauni - wani yanki na ƙarfafawa tare da diamita 3 cm ya huda kansa. Koyaya, Phineas tayi ficewa ta koma rayuwa ta yau da kullun. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasan tsere, har ma na wani lokaci ya tashi daga Amurka zuwa Chile, sannan ya koma aikin gona ya mutu fiye da shekaru 12 bayan ya ji rauni.
7. A daidai wannan wurin, a cikin Amurka, likitoci sun cire wajan hagu na ƙwaƙwalwar yaron - saboda lalacewar haɗuwa da haɗin keɓaɓɓen hemispheres, jaririn ya sha wahala daga kamuwa da cuta, kuma ci gabansa ya ragu - yana da shekaru 8 da ƙyar ya iya furta kalmar “uwa”. Bayan cire rabin kwakwalwar, kamuwa da cutar ya tsaya, kuma ci gaban yaron ya ci gaba, kodayake ya kasance a bayan takwarorinsa sosai.
8. Adadin jijiyoyin da ke jikin mutum ya kai kimanin kilomita 75. Ana watsa ra'ayoyi ta hanyar su cikin saurin 270 km / h. Kwayoyin jijiyoyi an maido dasu sosai - kawai ana maye gurbinsu da wasu.
9. Kamar yadda kuka sani, jikin mutum yana yin zafi sosai har zuwa ɗan ƙaramin zafin jiki. Maimakon haka, ko da ɗan ƙara yawan zafin jiki alama ce ta mummunan aiki a cikin jiki. Ana ɗaukar zafin jiki na 42 ° mai mahimmanci - ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar da ke sarrafa jiki ba za su iya tsayayya da irin wannan zafi ba. A cikin 1980, an kai majiyyaci mai zafin jiki na 46.7 ° zuwa wani asibiti a Atlanta na Amurka. Kodayake a lokacin bazara ne, babu wani takamaiman zafi da zafi, ba a sami cuta a cikin Willie Jones ba, an kai shi asibiti sane. Likitoci sun dube shi har tsawon kwanaki 24 kuma sun bar shi ya koma gida, ba tare da samun wani bayani game da abin da ya faru ba.
10. Jarirai sun fara ciyarwa tun watanni 4 - 6, ba wai don "lokaci" bane ko kuma farkon wani mataki na musamman na ci gaba. Akwai baƙin ƙarfe kaɗan a cikin ruwan nono, wanda ya zama dole don ci gaban jikin jariri. Yanayi ya tanadi wannan - a makonnin ƙarshe na ciki, tayin yana tara baƙin ƙarfe don kar ya buƙace shi a farkon watannin rayuwa. Ajiyar ta isa har tsawon watanni, sannan lokaci yayi da za'a sami baƙin ƙarfe daga ƙarin abinci.
11. "50 tabarau na launin toka" ya yi nisa daga iyaka. Ido na iya rarrabe har zuwa tabarau 500 na wannan launi. A lokaci guda, har zuwa 8% na maza da 0.8% na mata makauniyar launi ne - suna da talauci ko babu nuna bambancin launi. Matsakaicin mai lafiya zai iya rarrabe launuka har 100,000, ƙwararren ƙwararren masani - har zuwa miliyan. A cikin mata, akwai wani yanayi wanda ba kasafai ake samun irin kwayoyin halittar ba - karin kwaurin mazugi. Irin waɗannan matan suna rarrabe miliyoyin launuka.
12. Maganar da ake yawan maimaitawa: “Mutum yana amfani da kwakwalwarsa kashi 10% kawai” gaskiya ne a ma’anarta kai tsaye kuma tana kan iya wauta ne a karkashin maganar da take cewa: “Amma in har ya cika, to zai iya oh-ho!” Tabbas, magance kowace matsala guda daya, muna amfani da kashi daya bisa goma na albarkatun kwakwalwa. Koyaya, wannan yana da wuya ya faru a cikin ɗaki ba tare da motsa jiki na waje ba. Daidaici ga kiɗa ko TV. Buga rubutu a kan maballin, mutum ya buga mabuɗan kamar a matsayin inji, amma har yanzu albarkatun ƙwaƙwalwar suna aiki, kuma lokaci-lokaci dole ne ka kalli abin dubawa. Kuma a wajen taga, jirgin kasa na karkashin kasa yana ruri, kwakwalwar ta lura ... A aikace, kwakwalwa na aiki da kashi 30-50% na karfinta, kashi 10% ne kacal ga babban aikin. Bazai yiwu a yi amfani da 100% na karfin kwakwalwa ba saboda dalilai na zahiri - wannan ingancin baya faruwa. Aiki na dogon lokaci na komai tare da matsakaicin nauyi babu makawa yana haifar da ragin da gazawa.
Ya kara karfin kwakwalwa
13. Kwai shine mafi girman kwayar halitta ta musamman a jikin mutum, kuma maniyyin shine mafi kankanta. Na farko shine micron 130, na biyun kuma 55. A wannan yanayin, kwayar halittar maniyyi yayin ci gaba tana da girma sosai, amma daga ƙarshen balaga kamar ana matse shi, yana samar da saurin motsi a cikin yaƙin don samun hadi.
14. Kwai kuma jagora ne a tsada. Kuna iya samun kusan $ 900 a gare ta. Mai ba da gudummawar maniyyi na iya samun wannan adadin ne kawai a cikin yearsan shekaru.
15. Kusan 7-15% na mutane suna hannun hagu. Irin wannan babban yaduwar kididdigar an bayyana ta da cewa har zuwa kwanan nan da aka ba da damar masu hannun hagu a makaranta da karfi aka sake horar da su a cikin masu hannun dama, kuma yanzu yawan mutanen da hannun hagu na hannun "babban" ke karuwa koyaushe. Adadin masu hannun hagu da na hannun dama ya canza akan tsawan tsawan tarihi. A zamanin Dutse, masu hannun hagu da na dama sun raba daidai. Tare da sabbin kayan aiki masu ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar aiki, yawan masu ba da hagu ya ragu - a cikin Zamanin Tagulla akwai kusan 30%. Halittar jinsi yayin daukar ciki da haihuwar masu hannun hagu sun yi ta fama da karfi da karfi. Iyaye biyu na hannun hagu suna da damar haihuwar mai hannun hagu, kashi biyu cikin dari na 17 - har ma da dama-dama suna da damar haihuwar hagu. Lefties sun fi mutane kirkira. Wannan ya faru ne saboda cudanya da sassan jijiyoyin kwakwalwa tare da hankula da sassan jiki - a cikin masu hannun hagu, irin wadannan hanyoyin sun fi banbanci. Amma masu hannun dama suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 9.
Shahararren lefties
16. Launin gashi na mutum an yanke shi da launuka biyu kawai: pheomelanin ja da duhu eumelanin. Akwai mafi ƙarancin launin gashi a duniya fiye da masu launin gashi mai duhu, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci launin gashin gashi ja ne. A kowane lokaci, 9 daga cikin 10 na gashi suna girma, kuma idan gashi yayi tsawo, a hankali yake girma. Matsakaicin mutum yakan rasa har zuwa gashi 150 a rana, yayin da sabo sabo zai fara girma daga folgin gashin da ya ɓace (sai dai, in ba haka ba, babu wata cuta). Gabaɗaya, har zuwa gashi 150,000 suna girma a kan mutum, kuma mutane masu gashin kansu suna da ƙarancin gashi.
17. Erythrocytes - jajayen ƙwayoyin jini - an haɗa su musamman na haemoglobin. Kowane erythrocyte yana rayuwa aƙalla kimanin kwanaki 125, yana ɗaukar carbon dioxide zuwa huhu, da oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda. A kowace dakika, ana lalata kwayoyin jini ja miliyan 2 da rabi a cikin hanta da hanta, amma wannan adadi ba abin kula ba ne - sau biyu da yawa irin na jan jinin da ke cikin milikita daya na sukari milimita.
18. Mafi yawan jini a kowane ma'aunin nauyi a kowane lokaci yana cikin koda, zuciya da kwakwalwa. Hanta, wanda da alama ke da alhakin jini, yana da ninki biyu na abin da yake cikin tsokoki na tsoka.
19. Masu samar da burodin auduga, tsiran alade, cuku mai laushi da sauran abubuwan farin ciki na wayewa na iya ɗaukar taken: "Ku ci NN - gawar ku zata ruɓe daga baya!" A cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, ma’aikatan makabartu sun lura cewa gawarwakin da aka binne sun fara lalacewa sannu a hankali. Kayayyakin zamani sun yi nasarar aiki a matsayin abubuwan kiyayewa ga jikin mutum.
20. Ta mahangar ilmin sunadarai, jikin mutum ya kunshi abubuwa kusan 60, kuma wannan lambar tana iya canzawa. Koyaya, rabon zaki shine nauyin jiki shine oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, calcium da phosphorus. Sauran abubuwan sun hada da jimlar 1.5%. Idan ka sayar da jikin mutum ta hanyar rarraba shi cikin abubuwa, zaka iya samun kusan $ 145 - bayan haka, mu 90% ruwa ne. Samfura a yanayin jikin mutum umarni ne na girma fiye da kayan ɗanye. Idan lafiyayyen mutum ya kasance "an tarwatse don sassa", zaku iya samun kusan dala miliyan 150. Mafi tsada sune DNA (kimanin gram 7.5 za'a iya fitarwa akan dala miliyan $ 1.3 akan gram) da kuma kashin ƙashi.
