Tuffa ita ce ɗayan 'ya'yan itacen da aka fi sani da kuma araha ga yawan mutanen duniya. Kowace shekara, ana shuka miliyoyin tan na 'ya'yan itatuwa a duniya, waɗanda ake amfani da su ba kawai don abinci da samar da ruwan' ya'yan itace ba, har ma don shirya jita-jita iri-iri, magunguna har ma da kayan shafawa. Zai zama alama cewa an san apples. Amma watakila wasu bayanai game da tuffa a ƙasa zasu zama sabo.
1. A ilmin halitta, apples suna cikin dangin Rosaceae. A cikin iyali tare da apples, apricots, peaches, plums, cherries har ma da raspberries suna tare.
2. Dangane da ɗayan sifofin, ƙwallon Kirsimeti na gilashi kwaikwayon tuffa ne. A cikin Jamus, an daɗe an yi wa bishiyoyin Kirsimeti ado da ainihin apples. Koyaya, a cikin 1848 akwai girbi mara kyau na apple, kuma masu busa gilashi a cikin garin Lauscha sunyi sauri sayar da ƙwallan gilasai waɗanda suka maye gurbin apples.
Kwaikwayo ne kawai na tuffa
3. A kwanan nan, masana kimiyya na kasar Sin da na Amurka a wani binciken hadin gwiwa sun gano cewa tuffa na zamani da ake kerawa a cikin gida ya bayyana a yammacin Tien Shan a yankin Kazakhstan na yanzu. Kimanin rabin kwayar halittar tuffa na zamani ya fito daga can. Don yin wannan ƙaramin, masanan sun yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin nau'ikan tuffa 117 daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kodayake tun kafin wannan binciken, ana ɗaukar Kazakhstan wurin haifuwar tuffa. Sunan tsohon babban birnin jihar a cikin fassarar yana nufin "mahaifin tuffa", kuma a kusa da ita akwai abin tunawa ga tuffa.
An haifi apples na farko a nan - Alma-Ata
4. Abin tunawa ga apple, kuma musamman ga Kursk Antonovka, shima yana cikin Kursk. Tuffa mai jan ƙarfe ya kai kilogiram 150 kuma an girke shi a gaban Cocin ction iyãma Ilyinsky. Akalla an gina wuraren tarihi guda huɗu zuwa apụl a cikin Amurka; akwai zane-zanen da aka keɓe ga wannan ɗan itacen a cikin Moscow da Ulyanovsk.
Abin tunawa ga "Antonovka" a cikin Kursk
5. Noman apple ya fara ne a Girka ta da. Marubutan Girka sun bayyana nau’ikan ‘ya’yan itacen fiye da 30. Girkawa sun sadaukar da itacen apple ga Apollo.
6. Fiye da tan dubu 200 na tuffa an girbe a ƙasashe 51 na duniya. Gabaɗaya, kusan tan miliyan 70 na waɗannan 'ya'yan itacen sun girma a duniya a cikin 2017. Mafi yawa - tan miliyan 44.5 - an girma a China. Rasha, tare da girbin tan miliyan 1.564, tana matsayi na 9, tana bayan Iran, amma ta sha gaban Faransa.
7. Saboda tsarin takunkumi na shekaru da yawa, shigo da tuffa zuwa Rasha ya ragu daga tan miliyan 1.35 zuwa tan dubu 670. Koyaya, Rasha ta kasance babbar mai shigo da fruita fruitan itace mafi mashahuri. A matsayi na biyu, kuma saboda tsarin takunkumi, Belarus. Wata karamar kasa, wacce a bayyane yake cewa an sake fitar da tuffa zuwa Rasha, tana shigo da tan dubu 600 na tuffa a shekara.
8. Kusan rabin kasuwar tuffa ta duniya ta shagaltar da nau'ikan "Golden mai daɗi" da "Mai daɗi".
9. Littafi Mai Tsarki bai bayyana apple a matsayin alamar Faduwa ba. Nassinsa kawai yayi magana ne game da fruitsa ofan itacen nagarta da mugunta, waɗanda Adamu da Hauwa'u ba za su iya ci ba. Masu zane-zanen Baibul na da, mai yiwuwa, ba su da masaniya game da wasu 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi da tuffa apples a cikin wannan rawar. Sannan tuffa a matsayin alama ta faduwar ta yi ƙaura zuwa zane da adabi.
10. Abubuwa masu amfani, wadanda akwai su da yawa acikin tuffa, suna cikin kwasfa da kuma shimfidar da take kewaye dashi. Babban ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da daɗin ɗanɗano, kuma ƙasusuwa, idan aka ci su da yawa, suna iya haifar da guba.
11. A cikin 1974, an gabatar da nau'ikan apple mafi dadi a Japan, wanda ya zama mafi tsada. Furen Apple na nau'ikan Sekaichi iri-iri ne da hannu. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka saita suna zuba da ruwa da zuma. Ana lura da apples a hankali, ana watsar da wadanda suka lalace koda akan bishiyoyi. Ana sanya 'ya'yan itacen da aka ɗanɗana a cikin marufi guda ɗaya kuma a saka a cikin kwalaye na guda 28. Apples ɗin matsakaici suna da nauyin kilogram, masu riƙe da rikodi suna ƙaruwa sosai. Ana sayar da waɗannan 'ya'yan apples ɗin masu ban al'ajabi kwatankwacin dala 21.
Tuffa mai tsada sosai
12. Idin Apple Mai Ceto (Sake kamannin Ubangiji, Agusta 19) zai zama mafi daidai ana kiransa Mai Cutar Inabi - bisa ga ƙa'idodin, har zuwa wannan ranar ba shi yiwuwa a ci inabi. Idan babu inabi, ban ya wuce zuwa apples. A ranar idin canzawa, an tsarkake tuffa na sabon girbi kuma ana iya ci. Tabbas, haramcin baya amfani da tuffa na tsohon girbin.
13. Wani itacen da aka yanka ko ya cije baya juya launin ruwan kasa sam sam saboda shakar baƙin ƙarfe, wanda da gaske yana da yawa a cikin apple. Kwayoyin halitta suna shiga cikin aikin, kuma ƙwararren masanin ilimin kimiya ne zai iya bayyana ainihinsa.
14. 'Yar Rasha mai suna Elizaveta Petrovna ba ta iya tsayawa ba kawai tuffa ba, amma har ma da ƙanshin warinsu - masu fada a ji waɗanda ke jiran gayyata zuwa gare ta ba su ci tuffa ba har tsawon kwanaki. An ba da shawarar cewa masarautar ta sha wahala daga ɓoyewar ɓoye da ke ɓoye, kuma ƙamshin apụl na iya zama abin da ke haifar da kamuwa.
15. Tun daga 1990, ana bikin ranar Apple a ranar 21 ga Oktoba a kasashe da yawa na duniya. A wannan ranar, ana gudanar da taruka da dandano na tuffa, abubuwan sha da jita-jita daga gare su. Har ila yau shahararrun su ne kambun baka na apple da kuma gasa mafi tsayi na apple. Fiye da shekaru 40, Ba'amurke Casey Wolfer, wanda ya yanke baƙon daga tuffa kusan awanni 12 kuma ya sami kintinkiri 52 m 51 cm tsayi.
Ranar Apple a Amurka
16. A al'adun Amurkawa, akwai wani mutum mai suna Johnny Appleseed wanda Apple ya fizge shi don talla da gabatarwa. Johnny Appleseed, a cewar tatsuniya, mutum ne mai kirki wanda yake yawo babu takalmi a kan iyakar Amurka, ya dasa bishiyun apple ko'ina kuma yana da abokantaka da Indiyawa. A zahiri, samfurinsa Johnny Chapman yana cikin kasuwancin gaske. A cikin karni na 19, akwai wata doka a Amurka wacce akace sabbin masu sauka zasu iya karbar fili kyauta a cikin lamura da yawa. Ofayan waɗannan lamura shine noman lambu. Johnny ya ɗauki seedsa applean apple daga manoma (sun ɓata daga narkar da cider) kuma ya dasa filayen da su. Bayan shekara uku, yana sayar da filaye ga baƙi daga Turai a farashin da ya fi ƙasa da ƙasa ($ 2 a kowace kadada, wanda ya zama hauka kuɗi). Wani abu ya faru, kuma Johnny ya tafi ya karye kuma, ga alama, ya rasa hankalinsa, tsawon rayuwarsa ya yi ta yawo tare da tukunya a kansa, yana watsa ƙwayayen apple. Kuma kusan dukkanin lambunan ta sun yanke yayin Haramcin.
Johnny Appleseed, Amurkawa suna girmama shi sosai
17. Akwai isassun almara game da tuffa a cikin tsofaffin al'adu. Yana da kyau a ambata a nan Trojan Apple na Discord, kuma ɗayan amfani da Hercules, wanda ya saci tuffa uku na zinare a gonar Atlas, da kuma tuffa mai sabunta Russia. Ga dukkan Slav, tuffa alama ce ta kowane abu mai kyau, daga lafiya zuwa wadata da walwala da jin daɗin iyali.
18. Apples an girmama, duk da haka, a wata hanya da baƙon abu, a Farisa ta dā. Dangane da almara, yin fata, don ya zama gaskiya, ya zama dole a ci ba ƙari, ba ƙasa ba, amma tuffa 40. Mara ma'ana, game da Gabas, hanya don jaddada rashin yiwuwar yawancin sha'awar ɗan adam.
19. A cikin tatsuniya game da Snow White, amfani da tuffa da sarauniya ta ba da ƙarin ma'anar mummunan aiki - a tsakiyar zamanai, apple ɗin itace onlya fruitan itace kawai da ake da su a Arewacin Turai. Guba da shi ya kasance abin zargi na musamman har ma don tatsuniyoyin tatsuniyoyin Turai.
20. Kek din Apple ba abincin Amurka bane. Ingilishi tuni a cikin karni na XIV ya gasa wani irin burodi daga gari, ruwa da naman alade. Sa'an nan kuma an cire marmashin, kuma an gasa apples a cikin sifar da aka samu. Hakanan, Turawan Burtaniya sun ci kwasa-kwasan farko a cikin farantin burodi da ba shi da ƙarfi.
