A arewacin tsibirin Burtaniya shine Scotland - ƙasa ce mai kyawawan namun daji, waɗanda ke da girman kai masu son 'yanci. Maƙwabta na kudu sukan zargi mutanen Scots da yin rowa, amma ta yaya ba za su zama masu rowa a nan ba, idan babu abin da gaske ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai duwatsu, makiyaya, gandun daji da tabkuna na ko dai na danginsu ne masu arziki ko kuma baƙi na Burtaniya waɗanda suka kame ƙasar, kuma tekun da ke kewaye da ƙasar yana da tsananin hadari rashin jin daɗin cewa kowane tafiye tafiye zuwa kamun kici zai iya zama na ƙarshe?
Kuma, amma, jama'ar Scots sun sami nasarar fita daga talauci. Sun mayar da kasarsu ta zama yanki mai karfin masana'antu. Farashin ya zama mai tsayi - an tilasta miliyoyin mutanen Scots barin ƙasarsu. Yawancinsu sun sami nasara a ƙasashen waje, don haka suna girmama ƙasarsu. Kuma duk inda ɗan Scotland yake, koyaushe yana girmama Motherasar Uwa kuma yana tuna tarihinta da al'adun ta.
1. Scotland ita ce arewacin tsibirin Burtaniya da kuma wasu tsibirai kusa da 790 tare da cikakken yanki na kilomita 78.72... Wannan yankin yana dauke da mutane miliyan 5.3. Kasar yanki ce mai cin gashin kanta ta Burtaniya tare da nata majalisar dokoki da firayim minista. A shekarar 2016, ‘yan kasar ta Scotland sun gudanar da zaben raba gardama kan ballewa daga Burtaniya, amma masu goyon bayan ballewar sun sami kashi 44.7% na kuri’un.
2. Duk da rashin nasarar sakamakon zaben raba gardama (zaben farko da aka yi hasashen kusan daidaiton kuri'u), ba a son Turawan ingila a Scotland. Wanda ya kira 'yan Scots "Ingilishi" yana fuskantar haɗarin cin zarafin jiki, kodayake mutanen Scots mutane ne masu kyakkyawar ɗabi'a.
3. Scotland kasa ce mai matukar kyau. Yanayi mai sanyi, mai sanyi, mai danshi yana da kyau ga shuke-shuke, kuma yankin yana faduwa ne daga kananan tsaunuka (Highland) a kudu zuwa wani fili mai laushi (Lowland) a arewa. Yankin Yankin Scotland ƙananan tsaunuka ne tare da ƙananan gandun daji da tabkuna da ke kewaye da duwatsu, tsakanin su a arewacin ƙasar da kuma tsaunukan da suka cika da dazuzzuka a kudanci da bakin teku.
4. Ana san tabkuna a Scotland a duk duniya. Ba a cikin adadi ba (akwai fiye da 600, kuma a cikin Finland akwai dubunnan su) kuma ba zurfin bane (akwai tabkuna a cikin duniya da zurfi). Amma babu fatan saduwa da Nessie a cikin kowane tabki a duniya, amma akwai ɗaya a kan Scottish Loch Ness. Kuma kodayake mutane kalilan sun rigaya sunyi imani da wanzuwar wani ƙaton jirgin ruwa mai ban mamaki, Loch Ness yana jan hankalin dubun-dubatar matafiya. Kuma idan kun kasa ganin Nessie, zaku iya kamun kifi kawai. Yin kamun kifi a Scotland abin birgewa ne.
5. Mutane suna zaune a Scotland kusan shekaru dubu 10. An yi imanin cewa mutane suna zaune a yankin Skara Bray a cikin karni na IV BC. Yanayin yanayi mai sarkakiya ya taimaka wa ƙabilun yankin su yaƙi Romawa, waɗanda, yayin yaƙinsu, suka ci gaba kaɗan fiye da iyakar kudancin Scotland ta yanzu. A zahiri, babu mamayar da Roman ta yi wa Scotland. Nasara na farko da suka ci yankin Scotland sune Ingilishi, don haka ƙaunatattun ƙaunatattun su.
Scara Bray
6. A hukumance, tarihin Scotland a matsayin kasa daya ya fara a shekarar 843. Sarki na farko shi ne Kenneth Macalpin, wanda ya yi nasarar haɗa kan kabilun da ba su da bambanci a da. Ofaya daga cikin kabilun sune wereasar Scots, waɗanda suka ba da sunan ga jihar. Norman, waɗanda suka kafa Ingila a matsayin ƙasa, sun sauka a tsibirin ne kawai bayan ƙarni biyu bayan haka.
7. Da zaran Ingila ta sami karfi, sai aka fara gwabza fada da Scotland, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1707. Baya ga hanyoyin soja na matsi, ana amfani da na siyasa. Don haka, a cikin 1292, sarkin Ingilishi, wanda ya ba da kansa don zama alƙali a cikin takaddama tsakanin 'yan takarar kujerar sarautar Scotland, ya ambaci ɗan takarar da ya yarda ya amince da matsayin sarautar Ingila a matsayin mai nasara. Sauran masu fafatawa ba su yarda ba, kuma an fara jerin tarzoma da yaƙe-yaƙe wanda ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 400. Powersasashen waje waɗanda ba sa son a ƙarfafa Ingilishi sun jefa Woods a cikin wuta (kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, ba sa so, daidai yadda ya kamata). An kuma sanya rikicin addini. 'Yan Sandan Presbyterian, Katolika, da Ingilishi Furotesta masu Farin ciki sun yanka' yan'uwan da ba su dace ba cikin Kristi. A sakamakon haka, a shekarar 1707, aka sanya hannu kan "Dokar Tarayyar", wacce ta tsayar da hadewar masarautun biyu bisa tsarin cin gashin kansu. Turawan Birtaniyya kusan nan da nan suka manta da mulkin kai, 'yan Scotland sun ɗan yi tawaye, amma halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ci gaba har zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka ba wa' yan Scots damar yin nasu majalisar.
8. Unionungiya ta ba da ƙarfi ga ci gaban Scotland. Kasar ta ci gaba da rike tsarin mulki da na shari'a, wanda ya taimaka ga ci gaban masana'antu. Scotland ta zama ɗayan yankuna masu karfin masana'antu a Turai. Lokaci guda, ƙaura daga ƙasar ya zama ambaliya - yawan amfani da injina ya 'yanta hannayen aiki, wanda ya haifar da rashin aikin yi mai yawa. 'Yan Scots sun bar, da farko, a ƙasashen waje, a cikin miliyoyin. Yanzu adadin 'yan Scots a cikin duniya yana kwatankwacin adadin mazauna Scotland daidai.
9. A gaskiya, juyin juya halin masana'antu ya fara ne da ƙirƙirar ɗan Scotsman James Watt na injin tururi. Watt ya mallaki injinsa a cikin 1775. Duk duniya ta san irin abubuwan da mutanen Scots suka kirkira kamar maganin penicillin na Alexander Fleming, gidan talabijin na injiniya na John Byrd ko kuma tarho na Alexander Bell.
James Watt
10. A cikin tushe da yawa ana kiran Arthur Conan Doyle ɗan Scotsman, amma wannan ba haka bane. Marubucin nan gaba an haife shi ne a Ingila zuwa dangin Irish, kuma a Scotland kawai yayi karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh. Wannan ƙwararren ma'aikatar ilimi ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi kyawu a Turai; Charles Darwin, James Maxwell, Robert Jung da sauran manyan masanan kimiyya sun kammala karatunsu.
Arthur Conan-Doyle a cikin shekarun karatunsa
11. Amma irin fitattun marubutan kamar Walter Scott da Robert Louis Stevenson 'yan Scots ne, dukkansu an haife su ne a Edinburgh. Irin waɗannan nan asalin na Caledonia ne suka ba da babbar gudummawa ga adabi (wannan wani suna ne na Scotland), kamar su Robert Burns, James Barry ("Peter Pan") da Irwin Welch ("Trainspotting").
Walter Scott
12. Kodayake ba'a kirkirar wuski a Scotland ba (ko dai a Ireland ko kuma a Gabas ta Tsakiya gaba daya), Wuski wuski alama ce ta mallakar ƙasa. Tuni a cikin 1505, ƙungiyar masu aski da masu tiyata a cikin Edinburgh ta karɓi mallakin ƙirarta da sayarwa. Daga baya, mabiyan Hippocrates har sun keta yarjejeniyar sanya hannu kan dokar hana sayar da wuski ga talakawa. Mun san sarai abin da irin waɗannan haramtattun ke haifarwa - sun fara samar da wuski a kusan kowane yadi, kuma ra'ayin ƙungiyar ya gaza.
13. Domin yalwata wuski a Edinburgh, an bude Cibiyar Whiskey Heritage Center a shekarar 1987. Wannan nau'in haɗin gidan kayan gargajiya ne tare da gidan giya - farashin kowane balaguro ya haɗa da ɗanɗano nau'ikan abin sha. Tarin kayan gidan kayan gargajiya kimanin nau'ikan 4,000, a cikin gidan abinci, mashaya da kanti zaka iya siyan sama da 450. Farashi ya sha bamban da ire-iren - daga 5 zuwa dubban fam na kowace kwalba. Mafi ƙarancin farashi don yawon shakatawa na ɗanɗano 4-£ 27.
14. nationalasar Scotland ta ƙasa - haggis. Waɗannan yankakken yankakken ɗan rago ne da kayan ƙanshi, dafa shi a cikin dinkakken ciki na rago. Analogues na irin waɗannan jita-jita suna wanzuwa a kan duk ƙasashen Turai na tsohuwar USSR, amma Scots suna ɗaukar kwatankwacin tsiran-tsiran da suke yi a gida ya zama na musamman.
15. Scots (da Irish) suna da jajaye-jaja-gashi. Akwai kusan 12 - 14% daga cikinsu, wanda yayi kama da mummunan yanayi idan aka kwatanta da 1 - 2% a cikin yawan mutane da kuma 5 - 6% tsakanin mazaunan Arewacin Turai. Bayani a kimiyance game da wannan lamarin mai sauki ne - jan gashi da farar fata na taimakawa jiki don samar da bitamin D. Juya wannan bahasin ta wani bangare na daban, zamu iya bayyana cewa sauran 86 - 88% na Scots da Irish suna da kyau tare da karamin adadin wannan bitamin, kuma waɗanda ke rayuwa a zahiri 200 km zuwa arewacin Ingilishi, daga cikinsu kusan babu jaja-jaja, ba a buƙatarsa sam.
Ranar Redhead a Edinburgh
16. Edinburgh tana alfaharin samun tashar kashe gobara ta farko a duniya. Mafi yawan sanannun sanannen shine gaskiyar cewa watanni biyu bayan ƙirƙirar rukunin a cikin 1824, masu kashe gobara na Edinburgh ba su da ƙarfi a kan Babban Edinburgh Fire, wanda ya lalata gidaje 400 a cikin birnin. Gobarar ta fara ne a wani karamin bita na zane-zane. Tawagar ta isa wurin da gobarar ta tashi a kan lokaci, amma ‘yan kwana-kwana ba su iya samun ruwan famfo ba. Wutar ta bazu zuwa rabin garin, kuma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ne kawai ya taimaka don jimre shi a rana ta biyar da wutar. A cikin irin wannan yanayi a cikin 2002, gine-gine 13 a cikin tsakiyar garin na tarihi ya lalace gaba ɗaya.
17.On 24 ga Yuni, ana bikin Ranar Samun 'Yancin Scotland. A rana irin ta yau a shekarar 1314, sojojin Robert the Bruce suka yi galaba kan sojojin sarkin Ingila Edward II na biyu. Fiye da shekaru 300 na kasancewa a cikin Burtaniya ba a lissafa su.
Abin tunawa ga Robert Bruce
18. Tufafin, wanda yanzu aka gabatar dasu a matsayin tufafin theasar na mutanen Scots, basu ƙirƙira su ba. Baturen Ingila Rawlinson ne ya kirkiro siket din kilt, wanda ya nemi ya kare ma'aikatan masana'antar sa ta karafa daga zafin rana. An ƙirƙira zanen tartan mai kauri a Turai ta Tsakiya - a cikin irin waɗannan tufafi ya fi sauƙi hawa Alps. Sauran bayanai game da tufafi, kamar su gwiwa, manyan riguna ko jaka a kugu, an ƙirƙira su a baya.
19. Kiɗan Scottish, da farko, bututun jaka ne. Abin baƙin ciki, a kallon farko, karin waƙoƙi suna ba da cikakkiyar kyawun yanayin ƙasar da kuma yanayin ƙasashen Scots. Haɗe tare da ganga, bututu ko bututu na iya ƙirƙirar ƙwarewa ta musamman. Royal Royal Orchestra na Scotland ana girmama shi ba kawai a cikin ƙasar ba har ma da ƙasashen waje. Shekaru 8 direban Rasha Alexander Lazarev ya jagoranta. Kuma "Nazarat", ba shakka, ita ce mafi nasara cikin ƙungiyar dutsen Scottish.
20. soccerungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Scotland ta dauki bakunci kuma ta dauki bakuncin wasan kasa da kasa na farko a kwallon kafa na duniya. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1872, 'yan kallo 4,000 a filin wasa na Hamilton Crescent da ke Patrick sun kalli wasan Scotland da Ingila, wanda aka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Scotland, Ingila, Wales da Ireland ta Arewa sun shiga wasannin kwallon kafa na duniya a matsayin kasashe daban-daban.