Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929 - 1974) ya ratsa sararin samaniyar al'adun Rasha a matsayin meteor. Bayan shekara ta 1958, ya kasance dalibi ne mara izini na VGIK, kuma bayan shekaru 15 kawai aka buga littattafansa a cikin miliyoyin kwafi, kuma shahararrun 'yan wasan sun yi ƙoƙarin yin fim a fina-finansa.
A cikin littattafan tunani, lokacin da ake jera ayyukan Vasily Shukshin, ana sanya sinima kusan koyaushe a wuri na farko, saboda girmamawar da masu kallo ke yi da kuma manyan lambobin yabo da ya tafi daidai don aiki da bayar da umarni. Amma Shukshin kansa ya ɗauki kansa da farko marubuci. Koda a lokacinda yakai bukatarsa a silima, lokacin da, a lokacin da aka dakata yayin daukar fim din daya, dole ne ya tashi zuwa wani fim din, ya yi mafarkin barin mahaifarsa Srostki na tsawon shekara daya kuma kawai yana yin rubutu.
Kaico, bai taba yin aiki shi kaɗai ba. Kiwan lafiya, giya, lalacewa a lokacin yarinta da samartaka, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, jadawalin aiki mafi wuya bai ba da damar Shukshin ya ba da cikakkiyar damar bayyana kansa ba. Amma ko a cikin shekaru 45 da aka ba shi, ya sami damar yin abubuwa da yawa.
- A cikin 1929, an haifi ɗan fari a gidan Makar da Maria Shukshin, wanda ake kira Vasily. Iyalin sun zauna a cikin babban ƙauyen Altai na Srostki. An danne mahaifina a cikin mummunan 1930s. Bayan yakin, uwar ta yi ikirari ga Vasily cewa ta san wanda ya yi wa mijinta kazafi, amma ba ta taba bayar da sunan batagarin ba.
- Balagar Vasily ta faɗi akan shekarun yaƙi. Tabbas, yakin bai kai ga Altai ba, amma kuma dole ne su kasance cikin yunwa da shan karamin aiki. Marubucin yayi magana mai ma'ana a cikin labaransa. A ɗayansu, yara suna barci a teburin har ma a lokacin da mahaifiyarsu ta dafa wani irin kwalliya - abincin da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba.
- Shukshin, a halin yanzu, ya kasance matashi mai wahala. Yaƙe-yaƙe, hooliganism, maganganun da ba su da iyaka, kuma duk wannan a kan asalin ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar neman adalci, har ma da shekarunsa. Makwabcin nasa ya ci mutuncin sa - Vasily ya leka a kan aladen nasa ya fitar da idanun alade tare da slingshot. Ta yaya takwarorina suka samo shi, kuma babu abin da za a ce.
- Vasily tana da son karatu sosai, kuma tana karanta duk abin da ke hannun ta, misali, ƙasidun Academician Lysenko. Koyaya, wannan bai shafi aikin makaranta ba ta kowace hanya. Ya kammala karatun sa na shekara bakwai da kyar.
- Wani saurayin yayi shekara daya da rabi yana karatu a makarantar kere kere ta motoci, wacce ya barta saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba. Abin sani kawai mahaifiyarsa ta damu ƙwarai, kuma mazauna ƙauyen sun tabbatar da rashin amfanin "rashin uba" - a lokacin lokacin jana'izar mahaifinsa ta zo.
- A cikin 1946, Shukshin ya sake barin ƙauyensa. A nan akwai rata mara fahimta amma mai ban sha'awa a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. An sani cewa a 1947 ya sami aiki a Kaluga. Me Vasily yayi tsawon shekara guda kuma yaya aka ɗauke shi daga Siberia zuwa Kaluga? Wasu masu rubutun tarihin sun yi imanin cewa Shukshin ya yi hulɗa da ƙungiyar ɓarayi kuma ya bar ta da ƙyar wahala, kuma duk labarin ya zama kayan “Kalina Krasnaya”. Igor Khutsiev, wanda mahaifinsa Marlene ya dauki fim din "Fyodors Biyu" tare da Shukshin a cikin taken, ya tuna cewa ya ga zane-zane a cikin wata wuka a Finland a hannun "Uncle Vasya". Daga bisani, Shukshin ya saukar da wannan zane-zane.
- Bayan Kaluga, inda yayi aiki a matsayin mai kula a wurin gini, Vasily ya tafi Vladimir. Ya yi aiki a matsayin kanikanikan mota - duk da haka ya sami damar samun ɗan ilimi a makarantar fasaha. Ya yi aiki, a bayyane yake, da kyau, tun lokacin da ofishin shigar da sojoji ya tura shi makarantar koyan tukin jirgin sama. Amma a hanya, mutumin ya rasa duk takaddun. Abin kunya ne koma baya, kuma Shukshin ya fara sabon zagaye na yawo.
- A cikin garin Butovo da ke yankin Moscow, Shukshin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyon aikin zanen. Sau ɗaya a ƙarshen mako, ya tafi Moscow kuma a can ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga darektan fim Ivan Pyriev. Ganewa dan uwansa ta hanyar jawabin nasa, Pyriev ya ja shi zuwa gidansa don shan shayi. Tun da farko a cikin biranen, Vasily ya fuskanci zalunci ne kawai a kan "manoma gama gari", amma a nan shahararren daraktan ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa, kuma wani tauraron fim Marina Ladynina ta zuba shayi. Taron, ba shakka, ya shiga ran Shukshin, saboda ya kasance yana rubuta labarai na ɗan lokaci kuma yana son zama mai fasaha.
- Kamar yawancin mutane a cikin waɗannan shekarun, sojoji, a nasa yanayin, aikin sojan ruwa ya taimaka wa Shukshin ya zauna. The Chernomorets seaman ya karɓi sana'a na mai ɗaukar hoto kuma ya shirya sosai don jarabawa don kwas ɗin shekaru goma. Cutar ciki ta zama biyan kuɗi. Saboda ita, aka sallami Vasily, saboda ita, dole ne ya je asibiti har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa.
- Komawa zuwa ƙauyensa na asali, Vasily ya sami aiki a makarantar yamma kuma kusan nan da nan ya zama darekta. Shukshin yana da kyau sosai, an buga kayan aikinsa a jaridar yankin, an karɓi malamai a matsayin ɗan takarar membobin jam’iyya.
Tare da ma'aikatan makarantar
- Shukshin ya yi sabon juyi a rayuwarsa a shekarar 1954, lokacin da ya tafi Moscow don shiga Cibiyar Adabi. Bai san cewa don a yarda da shi a matsayin marubuci ba, dole ne mutum ya buga wallafe-wallafe, ko kuma aika ayyukansa zuwa ga cibiyar tun da wuri, don wuce gasar kirkira. Dangane da haka, ba su karɓi takardunsa ba.
Ba a yi nasarar almajiri ba
- Bayan ya karɓi jujjuya daga ƙofar a Cibiyar Nazarin Adabi, Shukshin ya yanke shawarar gwada sa'arsa a VGIK. A can, da alama, shi ma zai iya fuskantar gazawa, in ba don ƙarin zaɓaɓɓen zaɓi a cikin hanyar ƙirar ba. Shukshin ya rubuta shi sosai, sannan yana son Mikhail Romm, kuma ya shiga cikin makarantar a sashen bayar da umarni.
Ginin VGIK. Shukshin - zaune
- A VGIK, mutumin Siberia ya yi karatu tare da mashahuran daraktoci da 'yan wasa da yawa na gaba. Alexander Mitta ya tuna cewa Shukshin bai ma san akwai aikin darakta ba. A ganinsa, akwai isasshen sadarwa tsakanin 'yan wasan don samarwa.
- Da zaran ya ga Shukshin, wanda har yanzu bai san shi ba, a yawo a Odessa, Marlen Khutsiev ta yanke shawarar cewa mai wasan kwaikwayon zai dace da shi don babban rawar a fim ɗin "Biyu Fyodors". Har ila yau daraktan ya yi faɗa kaɗan tare da abokan aikinsa, amma Shukshin ya yi fice a cikin "Fedory", kuma cikin nasara sosai.
A cikin fim "Fyodors biyu"
- A farkon "Fedorov Biyu" mai aiwatar da babban rawar ba zai iya samu ba. Shukshin yana da sanannen rauni game da barasa, amma a wannan karon shima ya yi fadan. Khutsiev da kansa ya ceci mai wasan daga hannun policean sanda, kuma shugaban sashen ba ya son ya saki Shukshin na dogon lokaci daidai saboda shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne. Dole ne in gayyaci dan sanda zuwa wasan farko.
- A watan Agusta 1958, labarin farko na V. Shukshin, mai taken “Biyu a Siyayya”, ya fito ne a cikin Lamba 15 ta mujallar Smena. A cewar Shukshin, ya aiko da labaran nasa ne “a cikin fan” labarai daban-daban zuwa bugu daban-daban, kuma lokacin da suka dawo, kawai ya canza adireshin edita a kan ambulaf.
- Fim ɗin “Daga Lebyazhye Informage” abokan aikin Shukshin sun yi nazarin abin da ya so. Da yawa basu ji daɗin cewa Vasily ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rubutun nasa ba, ya kasance darakta kuma marubucin allo. Kuma ga 1961, fim ɗin ya kasance mai sauƙi. Kowane mutum na kusa yana neman sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa, kuma ga labarin kwamitin jam'iyyar na yanki da kuma gwagwarmaya don girbi ...
- Duk da cewa Shukshin ya riga ya zama sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ba shi da izinin zama a Moscow har zuwa ƙarshen 1962. Ya iya siyan gidansa a babban birni kawai a cikin 1965.
- A lokacin bazara na 1963, Shukshin ya zama marubuci "na gaske" - an buga littafi a ƙarƙashin babban taken "Mazaunan karkara", wanda ya haɗa da duk labaran da aka buga a baya.
- Shukshin wanda ya fara zama darakta shine fim din “Irin wannan mutumin yana rayuwa”. Shukshin ya rubuta rubutun ne dangane da nasa labaran. Babban rawar da Leonid Kuravlyov ya taka, wanda tare da shi daraktan ya zama abokai a shirin fim ɗin "Lokacin da bishiyoyi suka yi girma". Sannan Shukshin ya ja hankali ga mai aiki Valery Ginzburg.
- Fim din "Irin wannan Guy yana Rayuwa" ya lashe kyautar Duk-Union Film Festival a matsayin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo da kyautar Venice a matsayin fim mafi kyau ga yara. Duk kyaututtukan biyu sun bata wa daraktan rai sosai - Shukshin bai dauki fim dinsa na ban dariya ba.
- Fim din “Akwai irin wannan mutumin” ya zama farkon wanda zai zama na farko kuma saboda dalilai masu zuwa. Wannan shine hoton Soviet na farko da suka yanke shawarar nunawa tare da tattaunawa da mutane na yau da kullun kafin suyi haya. A cikin Voronezh ne, kuma Shukshin ya fi damuwa a wannan taron fiye da kafin a nuna fim ga abokan aikinsa.
- A cikin 1965, an wallafa babban aikin adabi na Vasily Shukshin - littafin "The Lyubavins". Littafin ya fito ne daga gidan wallafe-wallafe "Marubucin Soviet". Kafin wannan, an wallafa labarin ne a cikin mas'aloli guda uku na mujallar "Hasken Siberia".
- A cikin buɗewar buɗe fim ɗin "veunƙarar veasa" za ku iya ganin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa virtuoso. Wannan mutumin gaske ne mai suna Fyodor Teletskikh. Ya shahara sosai a yankin na Altai wanda hakan ya sa aka tabbatar da zuwan sa bikin, sai aka daga ranar bikin. Kusan dukkanin fim ɗin an yi fim ɗin a wuraren asalin Shukshin a cikin Altai.
- A lokacin farko na Red Kalina, Shukshin yana cikin asibiti tare da ciwon ciki na ciki. Amma ya kasance a farkon - incognito, a cikin rigar asibiti yana ɓoye a bayan shafi. Kalina Krasnaya, ban da babban ƙaunar masu sauraro, ta karɓi Babban Kyauta na Festivalungiyar Filmungiyoyin Unionungiyoyin Unionungiyoyi.
- Alaƙar Shukshin da mata ta kasance mai rikitarwa. Da farko ya yi aure a Srostki, amma sabbin matan sun ƙi zuwa Moscow tare da abubuwan da ba su dace ba a ofishin rajista. Vasily, domin yin rajistar sabon aure tare da Victoria Sofronova, ɗiyar shahararren marubuci, ta jefar da tsohuwar fasfo ɗin ta kuma karɓi sabuwa, amma ba tare da alamar aure ba. Wannan auren ma gajere ne, amma aƙalla Victoria na da 'ya. Gaskiya ne, wannan ya faru ne lokacin da Vasily Makarovich ya riga ya auri yar wasan kwaikwayo Lydia Chashchina. Wannan ya faru a 1964. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan a cikin wannan shekarar, ƙawancen Shukshin da Lydia Fedoseeva ya ɓarke - sun fito a fim ɗaya. Don ɗan lokaci Shukshin ya rayu kamar a cikin gida biyu, amma sai ya tafi Fedoseeva. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, waɗanda daga baya suka zama' yan wasa.
Tare da Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina da 'ya'ya mata
- Vasily Shukshin ta mutu ne sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1974. Ya kasance a shirin fim din "Sunyi Yakin Ga Motherasa", wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masu fim ɗin sun rayu a jirgin ruwan kogi. Shukshin da abokinsa Georgy Burkov - ɗakunansu suna kusa - sun kwanta da wuri daren jiya. Da dare Shukshin ya farka ya farka Burkov - zuciyarsa ta yi zafi. Daga cikin magungunan, ban da validol da digon Zelenin, babu komai a cikin jirgin. Shukshin kamar yana barci, kuma washegari Burkov ya same shi ya mutu.
- Bayan mutuwar Shukshin, wasiƙun ta'aziyya 160,000 sun fito ne daga masu karanta jaridu da mujallu. An buga fiye da waƙoƙi 100 game da mutuwar Vasily Makarovich.
- Dubunnan mutane ne suka halarci jana'izar fitaccen marubuci, darakta kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 6 ga Oktoba. Da yawa sun kawo tsutsa na jan viburnum, wanda ba kawai ya rufe kabarin ba, har ma ya tashi a kan wani tsauni akan sa.
- A cikin 1967, Shukshin ya sami lambar Red Banner of Labour. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya karɓi Kyautar Jiha ta RSFSR. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Shukshin ya sami lambar yabo ta Tarayyar Soviet. Ya karɓi Lenin Prize bayan mutuwa
