Girgizar ƙasa tana ɗaya daga cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wasu rawar ƙasa suna da ƙarfi mai halakarwa, wanda ƙarfinsa ya yi daidai da bam ɗin nukiliya. Ba shi yiwuwa a jure girgizar da ta fara - babu kayan aikin karfin da ya dace da mutum har yanzu.
Tasirin girgizar ƙasa ya daɗa ƙaruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa kusan ba za a iya faɗi ba, ma'ana, koyaushe suna faruwa ba zato ba tsammani. An sanya himma da hanyoyi a cikin girgizar kasa - lalacewar manyan girgizar ƙasa an kiyasta cikin biliyoyin daloli, ban da asarar rayuka. Koyaya, tsawon shekaru da yawa na bincike mai zurfi, masana kimiyya basu ci gaba ba don gano yankuna masu haɗarin haɗari. Hasashen ko da ƙaruwa a cikin girgizar ƙasa, ba ma ambaton girgizar ƙasa ɗaya ba, har yanzu yawancin psychics ne da sauran masu sihiri. A cikin duniyar gaske, mutane na iya gina gine-ginen da suka dace da abubuwan girgizar ƙasa da sauri shirya ayyukan ceto.
1. A cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata, girgizar ƙasa da abin da ta haifar sun kashe fiye da mutane miliyan 13.
2. ofarfin girgizar ƙasa yana da matukar wahalar tantancewa da idon basira. Matakan maki 12, wanda Ba'amurke Charles Richter da Beno Gutenberg suka kirkira, sannan kuma sauran masana kimiyya suka inganta shi, yana da ma'ana. Mizanin ƙarfin da aka saki yayin girgizar ƙasa, abin da ake kira. maɗaukaki sun fi haƙiƙa, amma ƙarfin na iya yin daidai da tasirin girgizar ƙasa. Tushen girgizar kasa na iya kasancewa a zurfin da yawa zuwa kilomita 750, saboda haka tasirin girgizar ƙasa biyu masu girman nauyi ɗaya na iya zama daban daban. Bugu da kari, ko da a cikin wannan yanki ne na rusawa, an yi rikodin kararraki lokacin da gine-ginen da ke tsaye a kan dutse ko kasa mai kauri tare da girgizar kasa, yayin da makamantan gine-gine a wasu filayen suka rushe.
Charles Richter
3. A kasar Japan, ana rubuta kimanin girgizar kasa 7,500 a shekara. Daga farkon karni na 17 zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, an yi girgizar kasa 17 a kasar, sakamakon haka sama da mutane dubu suka mutu. 
4. Daya daga cikin girgizar kasa da ta fi barna a tarihin dan adam ta faru ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1755 a Fotigal. Rikicewa kusan guda uku sun shafe babban birnin ƙasar Lisbon daga fuskar Duniya. A wannan ranar, mabiya darikar Katolika suna yin bikin ranar tsarkaka duka, kuma da safe, lokacin da girgizar ƙasa ta faɗo, mafi yawan mazaunan suna cikin majami'u. Manya-manyan gidajen ibada ba za su iya tsayayya da yanayin ba, suna binne dubban mutane a ƙarƙashin kangonsu. Waɗanda suka yi sa'a don tsira a hankali sun gudu zuwa cikin teku. Sinadarin, kamar yana musu ba'a, ya basu kusan rabin sa'a, sannan ya rufe su da katuwar igiyar ruwa, tsayin ta ya wuce mita 12. Lamarin ya kara tabarbarewa sakamakon barkewar gobara. Gidaje 5,000 da tituna 300 suka lalace. Kimanin mutane 60,000 suka mutu.
Girgizar Lisbon. Zanen zamani
5. A shekarar 1906, girgizar kasa ta lalata San Francisco. Babu Las Vegas ko Reno a wancen lokacin, don haka San Francisco shine babban birni na Gabashin Amurka na Gabas. Girgizar ƙasa a San Francisco ta ɓarke, ta rusa gidaje ta dubbai. Wutar ba ta dade da shigowa ba. Bututun ruwan sun fashe kuma ma'aikatan kashe gobara basu cikin ruwa. Bugu da kari, garin yana dauke da babbar masana'antar iskar gas, fashewar da fashewar ta mai da titunan zuwa wuta. Wanda ba a san sunansa ba a telegraph ya kasance a wurin aikinsa kuma a cikin busasshiyar harshe da aka watsa zuwa New York tarihin lokacin bala'in, kamar yadda suke faɗa, a kan iska. Mutane 200,000 suka rasa matsuguni. Kimanin gidaje 30,000 suka rushe. Dubban rayuka ne ya kubutar da su ta hanyar tunanin Amurkawa don gina gidaje na ƙaramin yuwuwar itace - maimakon mutuwa a ƙarƙashin rubin tubalin da kankare, waɗanda abin ya shafa dole ne su sauka daga ƙarƙashin tarin allon. Yawan wadanda abin ya shafa bai wuce 700 ba.
6. A jajibirin girgizar kasar, taurarin kiɗan Italiya sun isa San Francisco, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Enrico Caruso. Caruso ya fara fita cikin sauri a firgice. Wani Ba'amurke mai wayo ya sayar da shi da abokan aikinsa a keken dawakai a kan $ 300 (na farko almara Ford T motoci, wanda zai bayyana a cikin shekaru biyu, zai ci $ 825). Caruso har ma ya sami nasarar komawa otal don kayansa, kuma Italiyan sun bar garin cikin tsoro.
7. A farkon karni na 19 da na 20, garin Messina na kasar Italia ya fuskanci girgizar kasa 4 cikin shekaru 14. Hakanan akwai abin da ya faru a baya - a cikin 1783 birni ya lalace da rawar jiki. Mutane ba su yanke hukunci game da bala'in ba. Har ila yau, an gina gidaje ba tare da suminti ba, suna tsaye a kan tushe masu banƙyama, kuma suna kusa da juna. A sakamakon haka, girgizar kasar da ta auku a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1908, ba mafi karfi ba ta ma'aunin masu binciken girgizar kasa, ta kashe a kalla mutane 160,000. Franlogistois Pere masanin kimiyyar tsaunin duwatsu ya ce idan mutanen Messina suka zauna cikin tanti, babu wanda zai mutu. Wanda ya fara taimakawa Misiinawa ya zo ne matukan jirgin ruwan Rasha daga cikin squadan wasan tsakiyar ƙungiyar. Ba tare da tsoro ba sun nemi mazaunan da ke raye a cikin kango, sun ceci sama da mutane 2,000, kuma sun yi jigilar dubu zuwa asibitocin Naples. A cikin Messina, mutanen gari masu godiya sun gina abin tarihi ga masu jirgin ruwan Rasha.
Messina bayan girgizar kasa ta 1908
Sojojin ruwan Rasha a titunan Messina
8. A cikin Messina a cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 1908, wata ƙungiyar masu wasan barkwanci ta zaga, inda 'yan'uwa maza biyu suka halarci. 'Yan uwan Michele da Alfredo suna da kare. A daren 28 ga Disamba, karen ya fara haushi cike da haushi, yana tayar da otal din duka. Da farko ya fara jan masu gidan zuwa kofar otal din, sannan ya fitar da su bayan gari. Don haka kare ya ceci rayukan ‘yan’uwan. A waccan shekarun, wani tunani ya yi tasiri, yana bayanin halin rashin nutsuwa na dabbobi kafin girgizar kasa da cewa suna jin wata damuwa ta farko da mutane ba za su iya ji ba. Koyaya, bincikar karatun tashoshin girgizar ƙasa ya nuna cewa babu wata damuwa ta farko - ƙararraki ne kawai.
9. Rashin kulawa dangane da girgizar ƙasa ba za a kira shi da halin Italianasar Italiya kawai ba. A ɗaya gefen duniya, a Japan, girgizar ƙasa na faruwa, kamar yadda aka riga aka nuna, koyaushe. Babban birnin kasar, Tokyo, a farkon karni na ashirin, girgizar kasa ta lalata sau hudu. Kuma duk lokacin da Jafanawa suka sake gina garin da gidaje iri iri na sanduna da takardu. Tabbas, an gina tsakiyar gari tare da gine-ginen dutse, amma ba tare da la'akari da haɗarin girgizar ƙasa ba. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1923, birni mai yawan mutane miliyan biyu ya faɗo da jerin girgizar ƙasa da suka lalata dubunnan gidaje da gine-gine. A cikin Tokyo a wancan lokacin, ana amfani da iskar gas sosai, don haka lamarin, wanda daga baya za a kira shi "guguwar wuta", ya fara nan da nan. Dubunnan mutane sun kone kurmus a cikin gidajensu da titunan su. A cikin birni da lardin Tokyo, kimanin mutane 140,000 suka mutu. Garin Yokohama ma ya lalace sosai.
Japan, 1923
10. Daga girgizar kasa ta 1923, Jafananci sun yanke hukuncin da ya dace. A shekarar 2011, sun fuskanci girgizar kasa mafi karfi a tarihin kasarsu. Cibiyar ta kasance a cikin teku, kuma tsarin faɗakarwar ya sami damar watsa sigina na ƙararrawa. Girgizar ƙasa da tsunamis har yanzu sun girbe girbin jininsu - kusan mutane 16,000 suka mutu, amma da akwai wasu da yawa da abin ya shafa. Lalacewar tattalin arziki ya yi yawa, amma an kauce wa asarar bala'i.
Japan, 2011
11. Shekarar 1960 ta kasance mafi wahala ga girgizar ƙasa. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, garin Meluz na Aljeriya “ya girgiza” - 47 sun mutu, 88 sun ji rauni. A ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, girgizar kasa ta auka wa makwabciyar Maroko - 15,000 suka mutu, 12,000 suka ji rauni, an lalata birnin Agadir, an sake gina shi a wani sabon wuri. A ranar 24 ga Afrilu, wani bala'in bala'i ya dami Iran, inda ya lakume rayukan mutane 450 na mazauna garin Lahr. Amma abubuwan da suka faru a wadannan girgizar kasa sun dusashe a ranar 21 ga Mayu, lokacin da girgizar kasa mafi karfi har zuwa yanzu a duk tarihin lura ta barke a Chile - girmanta ya kai maki 9.5.
Sakamakon girgizar kasa a Agadir. Sarkin Morocco ya ce idan da yardar Allah garin ya lalace, to da yardar mutane za a sake gina shi a wani wuri
12. A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1960, kudancin Chile ya faro da jerin tsananin girgizar kasa. Girgizar ƙasa guda uku ta fara farautar yankin, sannan kuma manyan raƙuman ruwa guda uku. Igiyar ruwa mai tsayin mita 5 ta isa Alaska. Dukan gabar tekun Pacific ta shafa. Mutane sun mutu har ma a Tsibirin Hawaiian, kodayake an gargaɗe su a kan lokaci kuma aka ƙaura zuwa can. Tsunami ya kuma mamaye Japan mai dogon lokaci, kuma da daddare - 100 sun mutu, har ma da la'akari da gargaɗin da aka samu. Wadanda lamarin ya rutsa da su kuma suna cikin Philippines. A cikin Chile, babu lokacin aikin ceto - da farko akwai barazanar ambaliyar a kan yankin da abin ya shafa, sannan kuma dutsen da ya fara aman wuta. 'Yan Chilean, 500,000 daga cikinsu sun rasa matsuguni, sun jimre ne kawai da cikakken ƙwazo da taimakon ƙasashen duniya. Kimanin mutane 3,000 zuwa 10,000 suka mutu.
A titunan wani gari na Chile bayan girgizar kasa
Girgizar girgizar Chile ta shafi kusan rabin duniyar
13. Masifu da dama masifu sun riga sun auku a cikin karni na 21. An riga an ambaci Jafananci, wani kuma ya shafi yankin Asiya. A ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2004 a cikin Tekun Indiya akwai girgizar ƙasa ta kai maki 9.1 - maki 9.3 - ɗaya daga cikin mafiya ƙarfi a tarihi. Tsunami ya afka wa dukkan gabar tekun Indiya, mutuwar har ma a Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ke da tazarar kilomita 7,000 daga cibiyar girgizar kasar. A hukumance, an yi amannar cewa mutane 230,000 ne suka mutu, amma gawarwaki da yawa ambaliyar ta lulluɓe su a cikin tekun ta hanyar igiyar mita 15 da ta faɗi gabar tekun Asiya.
14. A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2010, kimanin girgizar kasa guda biyu suka faru a tsibirin Haiti. Girman wanda yafi karfi shine maki 7. Babban birnin Port-au-Prince ya ruguje kwata-kwata. A cikin ƙasashe masu rauni na tattalin arziƙi, yawancin yawan jama'a galibi sun fi yawa ne a babban birnin ƙasar. Haiti ba banda bane. Saboda haka, yawan wadanda abin ya shafa suna da ban tsoro. Fiye da mutane 220,000 suka mutu a Port-au-Prince ba tare da tsunami ko gobara ba.
Ana amfani da 'yan Haiti don rashin ɓacewa cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Fashewa kai tsaye bayan girgizar kasa
15. Girgizar kasa mafi girma a Rasha dangane da yawan waɗanda abin ya shafa sun faru ne a shekarar 1952 a Tsibirin Kuril da kuma a 1995 a kan Sakhalin. Ba a bayar da rahoton tsunami da ya lalata garin Severo-Kurilsk a hukumance. Kimanin mutane 2,500 suka mutu a cikin garin da tsawar mita 18 ta lalata. A Sakhalin Neftegorsk, wanda shi ma an lalata 100%, mutane 2,040 suka mutu.
Neftegorsk bayan girgizar kasa ya yanke shawarar ba zai sake dawowa ba
