Cinema ta Soviet ta kasance cikakkiyar duniya a cikin kanta. Babbar masana'antar kowace shekara tana samar da daruruwan fina-finai daban-daban, wanda ke jan hankalin ɗaruruwan miliyoyin masu kallo. Ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta zuwan silima a lokacin da na yanzu. Wani shahararren fim na zamani, kodai ya kasance babban kasuwa mafi girma sau uku, lamari ne kawai kuma kawai a cikin duniyar silima. Fim ɗin Soviet mai nasara ya zama taron ƙasa baki ɗaya. A shekarar 1973, fim din "Ivan Vasilyevich ya canza sana'arsa", wanda mutane miliyan 60 suka kalla a cikin shekara daya. A cikin wannan shekarar, wani abin tarihi ya faru - an hana Yenisei ta hanyar madatsar ruwa. Tambayar abin da ya faru a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutane baya buƙatar amsa ...
A cikin duniyar sinima, mutane masu ban mamaki sun haɗu, waɗanda zasu iya tayar da sha'awar mai kallo. Wannan asalin, tabbas, ba'a iyakance shi ga tsarin fim ɗin ba. Bugu da ƙari, sau da yawa yana waje da firam ɗin firam ɗin cewa sha'awar ta fi tsananin rikici fiye da yadda aka rubuta a cikin rubutun. Idan da gaske suna sonta, to don haka ya tafi da buroshin hakori daga ɗayan, ya bar wannan goga da wani kuma ya tafi ya kwana a otal ɗin ta ukun. Idan sun sha, to kusan a zahiri sun mutu. Idan sun rantse, to ba za a iya fitar da fim ba, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi aiki a kansa shekara guda. An rubuta daruruwan kundin bayanai game da wannan, wanda a wani lokacin zaka iya samun zest na ainihi.
1. Labarun da wannan ko wancan ɗan wasan ya shiga cikin sana'a kwatsam ba sabon abu bane. Amma wani abu ne idan dama ta taimaka wa mutum ya sami farin jini da shahara, kuma wani lokacin idan dama ta yi aiki a kansa. A farkon wayewar aiki na Margarita Terekhova, dukansu sun isa. Bayan da ta bar sashen kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi na Jami'ar Asiya ta Tsakiya, yarinyar ta zo Moscow kuma ta kusan shiga VGIK da tashi. Kusan - saboda bayan hirar har yanzu ba a kai ta ga kirkirar finafinai ba. Margarita, wacce ta riga ta sami wuri a gidan kwanan dalibai, tana shirin komawa gida Tashkent. Koyaya, wani ya saci kuɗi da aka ware don tikitin dawowa daga matsayinta na dare. Studentsalibai masu tausayi sun ba ta aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin shirin fim ɗin ƙari. A can ne Terekhova ya ji labarin bazata cewa darekta Yuri Zavadsky (ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mossovet) yana tattara matasa zuwa sutudiyorsa. Irin waɗannan saitin ba su da yawa, kuma Terekhova ya yanke shawarar gwadawa. A hirar, ta fara mamakin kowa da kowa game da batun Natalia daga littafin "Quiet Flows the Don", bayan haka Zavadsky ya nemi yin wani abu da ya fi natsuwa. Wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance, da alama, yana da ban sha'awa sosai, don Vera Maretskaya ta farka, kuma Valentina Talyzina ta yanke shawarar cewa Terekhova ya kasance mai hazaka ne ko kuma mahaukaci. Margarita a nitse ta karanta baitocin Mikhail Koltsov, kuma an karɓe ta zuwa sutudiyo.
2. Jarumi Pavel Kadochnikov, bayan daukar fim din "The Exploit of the Scout", yana da takarda ta musamman, wacce a yanzu za a kira ta "duk-hanyar wucewa". JV Stalin yana son fim ɗin da wasan Kadochnikov sosai har ya kira hoton Kadochnikov na ainihin Chekist. Jagoran ya tambayi jarumin me daɗin da zai iya yi don nuna godiya ga irin wannan wasan. Cikin raha Kadochnikov ya nemi rubuta kalmomin game da ainihin Chekist akan takarda. Stalin ya tuntsire da dariya bai amsa ba, amma 'yan kwanaki bayan haka an ba Kadochnikov takarda a kan wasiƙar Kremlin wacce Stalin da KE Voroshilov suka sanya hannu. A cewar wannan daftarin aiki, an ba Kadochnikov taken babban mai girmamawa na dukkan rassa na Sojojin Soviet. Ya yaba wa ɗan wasan kwaikwayon, ya yi amfani da wannan takaddun ne kawai a cikin mafi munin yanayi. Misali, lokacin da a watan Yunin 1977 a Kalinin (yanzu Tver) an sake daukar wasu sassan fim din "Siberiade", Kadochnikov, Natalya Andreichenko da Alexander Pankratov-Cherny sun yi wasan tsirara suna wanka tare da waƙoƙi masu ƙarfi a tsakiyar gari, 'yan sanda sun fitar da su daga cikin ruwan. Rikicin zai iya zama ba labari, amma Kadochnikov ya gabatar da ajiyar ajiyar akan lokaci.
Pavel Kadochnikov shekaru 30 kafin faruwar lamarin tare da yin wanka tsirara a Kalinin
3. A shekarar 1960, an fitar da kashin farko na fim din "Tashin Matattu" na Mikhail Schweitzer a kan sifofin tarayyar Soviet. Babban rawa a ciki shine Tamara Semina, wanda yayin daukar fim din bai kai shekaru 22 da haihuwa ba. Duk fim din da fitacciyar jarumar sun sami babbar nasara ba kawai a cikin USSR ba. Semina ta sami lambobin yabo ga fitacciyar 'yar fim a bukukuwa a Locarno, Switzerland da Mar del Plata, Argentina. A Ajantina, Semina ce ta gabatar da hoton. Ta yi mamakin kulawar mutanen Kudancin Amurka, waɗanda a zahiri suke ɗauke da ita a hannunsu. A shekarar 1962, an gabatar da fim na biyu, wanda shi ma ya shahara sosai. A wannan karon Semina ba ta iya zuwa Ajantina - ta shagalta da yin fim. Vasily Livanov, memba daga cikin wakilan, ta tuno cewa an tilasta wa ma’aikatan fim din “Tashin matattu” su riƙa amsa tambayoyin koyaushe game da ainihin abin da Semina ba ta so a cikin Ajantina har ba ta zo tare da sauran ’yan fim ba.
Tamara Semina a cikin fim din "Tashin matattu"
4. Matsayin Stirlitz a cikin jerin "Lokacin Bakwai Goma sha Bakwai" zai iya zama da kyau Archil Gomiashvili ya buga shi. A lokacin da ake yin fim din, ya yi kawancen soyayya tare da daraktan fim din Tatyana Lioznova. Duk da haka, Ostap Bender na gaba ya kasance mai kuzari, kuma an yarda Vyacheslav Tikhonov mai tunani da hankali don rawar. Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin yin fim "Moments ..." Ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo Leonid Bronevoy da Yuri Vizbor, yin fim azaba ce ta gaske - tsawaita dogon lokaci mai ma'ana kuma buƙatar barin fasalin ya zama sabon abu a gare su. A matsayin mai kula da jaririn rediyo Kat, sabbin jarirai da yawa sun yi aiki a lokaci guda, waɗanda aka kawo su daga asibiti kuma aka ɗauke su kamar dai suna ɗauke da bel. Yara za su iya yin fim na awanni biyu kawai tare da hutu don abinci, kuma ba a iya dakatar da aikin fim ɗin ba. Tabon baranda wanda aka hudawa jaririn a ciki, tabbas, a cikin sutudiyo ne, wanda ya haskaka da abubuwan haskakawa. Saboda haka, actorsan wasan kwaikwayo kaɗan ba sa son yin kuka, amma, akasin haka, sun yi wasa ko sun yi barci. An rubuta kuka daga baya a asibiti. A ƙarshe, an ƙara tarihin yaƙi a fim yayin gyara. Sojoji, da suka kalli fim ɗin da aka gama, sun fusata - ya zama cewa an ci nasarar yaƙin ne kawai saboda jami'an leken asiri. Lioznova ya kara rahoton Sovinformburo a fim din.
A cikin fim din "Lokacin Goma sha Bakwai" Leonid Bronevoy ya kasance yana "fadowa" daga fasalin - ya saba da fadada filin wasan kwaikwayo.
5. Darakta Alexander Mitta, wanda ya dauki fim din "Labarin Yadda Tsar Peter Yayi Aure," a bayyane ya san game da kiyayyar da ta taso tsakanin Vladimir Vysotsky da Irina Pechernikova, wadanda suka yi wa Louise De Cavaignac wasa. Duk da haka, Mitta ya saka a cikin fim ɗin wani taron ganawa mai ban sha'awa na masoya, inda suke gudu zuwa ga junan su a matakala, sa'annan su kasance cikin sha'awar gado. Zai yiwu daraktan ya so ya sassaka tartsatsin kerawa daga 'yan wasan daidai daidai da asalin mummunan dangantaka. Shekaru uku kafin yin fim, Pechernikova da Vysotsky sun kasance cikin sha'awa ba tare da hira da kyamarar ba. Koyaya, alaƙar su ta kasance tun daga yanzu, don sanya shi a hankali, mai sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, Irina ta karya ƙafarta kafin yin fim. Mis-en-scene ya canza: yanzu jarumin Vysotsky dole ne ya ɗauki ƙaunataccensa sama da matakala zuwa gado. A can aka shafa musu ruwan shafawa (daukar hoto sau hudu) (Vysotsky ta taka rawa mai bakin gashi), kuma sakamakon hakan lamarin bai sanya ta cikin fim din ba.
Vladimir Vysotsky a cikin fim ɗin "Labarin Yadda Tsar Peter Arap Ya Yi Aure"
6. Babu ɗayan fim ɗin fim ɗin Soviet guda uku da suka ci Oscar da ya zama zakaran ofishi a cikin USSR. Fim din "Dersu Uzala" a shekarar 1975 ya dauki matsayi na 11. Mutane miliyan 20.4 ne suka kalla. Wanda ya yi nasara a gasar dambe a wannan shekarar shi ne fim ɗin Meziko na Meziko, wanda ya sami mutane miliyan 91.4. Koyaya, da marubutan da wuya su dogara da nasarar “Dersu Uzala” a tsakanin jama'a - jigon da jinsin sun kasance takamaimai. Amma fina-finan "Yaki da Salama" da "Moscow Bata Yarda da Hawaye ba" gaskiya ba sa'a da abokan fafatawa. "Yaƙe-yaƙe da Salama" a cikin 1965 sun tattara masu kallo miliyan 58 kuma suna kan gaba da duk fina-finan Soviet, amma sun sha kashi ga wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka "Akwai 'yan mata kawai a cikin jazz" tare da Marilyn Monroe. Zanen "Moscow Bata Gaskanta da Hawaye ba" a 1980 kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na biyu, ya sha kashi a hannun babban mayaƙin Soviet na farko "Pirates na ƙarni na XX".
7. Fim din "Zaluncin Soyayya", wanda aka fito da shi a fuska a shekarar 1984, ya samu karbuwa sosai daga wurin masu kallo, amma ba ya son masu sukar fim din. Ga tauraron dan wasan, wanda ya hada da Nikita Mikhalkov, Andrei Myagkov, Alisa Freindlich da sauran 'yan wasan, baƙar magana game da sukar ba ta da zafi. Amma matashiyar Larisa Guzeeva, wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta mata, ta jimre da sukar sosai. Bayan “Muguwar Soyayya”, ta yi ƙoƙari ta taka rawa daban-daban, kamar tana tabbatar da cewa ba za ta iya ɗaukar hoto ba kawai ga mace mai raunin rauni. Guzeeva tayi fice sosai, amma duka fina-finai da rawar basuyi nasara ba. A sakamakon haka, "Zaluncin Soyayya" ya kasance shine kawai babbar nasara a cikin aikinta.
Zai yiwu Larisa Guzeeva ya kamata ya ci gaba da haɓaka wannan hoton
8. Bangaren hadahadar kudi don samar da fim a Tarayyar Soviet na iya zama batun bincike mai kayatarwa. Wataƙila irin waɗannan karatun har ma sun fi ban sha'awa fiye da labarai game da ƙawancen ƙawancen ƙaunar ƙawancen taurarin fim. Bayan haka, irin waɗannan ƙwararrun masanan kamar su "Zamani goma sha bakwai na Guguwar bazara" ko "D'Artanyan da Musketeers Uku" na iya zama a kan shiryayye saboda sabani na kuɗi kawai. "Musketeers", duk da haka, sun kwanta a kan shiryayye kusan shekara guda. Dalili kuwa shi ne sha'awar darakta ta sake rubuta rubutun. Da alama ya zama haramtacciyar hanya, kuma a bayanta ana ɓoye kuɗi, wanda yake da mahimmanci a zamanin Soviet. Marubutan rubutun ne kaɗai suka karɓi takamaiman lambobin masarauta - masarauta don maimaita fim ɗin ko kuma nunawa a talabijin. Sauran sun karɓi haƙƙinsu kuma suna jin daɗin haskakawa na ɗaukaka ko dafa a cikin tafasasshen yanayin zargi. A lokaci guda, kuɗin da 'yan wasan ke samu ya dogara da dalilai da yawa wanda yana da matukar wahalar hasashen hakan. Amma gabaɗaya magana, 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara ba su da talauci. Anan, misali, sakamakon kudi ne na daukar fim din "The Adjutant of His Excellency". Yin fim ɗin ya fara ne daga 17 ga Maris zuwa 8 ga Agusta, 1969. Bayan haka an watsar da 'yan wasan kuma an kira su ne kawai don ƙarin fim ɗin naƙasasshe ko daraktan darektan kayan. Na tsawon watanni shida na aiki, darektan fim din Yevgeny Tashkov ya karbi rubla 3,500, Yuri Solomin ya samu rubon dubu biyu da 755. Abubuwan da sauran 'yan wasan ke samu bai wuce dubu ɗaya ba (matsakaicin albashi a ƙasar ya kai kimanin 120 rubles). 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun rayu, kamar yadda suke faɗa, “akan komai a shirye”. Haɗin zuwa harbin yana aiki ne kawai - aƙalla manyan 'yan wasan na iya kasancewa ba don taka rawa a wasan kwaikwayon su ko tauraruwa a wani fim ba.
Yuri Solomin a cikin fim din "Adjutant of His Excellency"
9. Galina Polskikh ta rasa iyayenta da wuri. Mahaifin ya mutu a gaba, mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin yarinyar ba ta ma shekara 8 ba. Tsohuwar almara ta kasance tsohuwar ƙauye, wacce ta riga ta ƙaura zuwa Moscow a cikin tsufanta. Goggo ta zo da hangen nesa game da rayuwa. Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe, ta ɗauki aikin mai wasan kwaikwayo abin dogaro kuma ta rinjayi Galina ta yi wani abu mai mahimmanci. Da zarar Polskikh ya sayi tsohuwata babban (don waɗannan lokutan, ba shakka) saitin TV. Jarumar ta bukaci kakanta ya ganta a cikin Dingo Wild Dog. Kaico, har zuwa lokacin rasuwar kakata, wacce ba ta iya zuwa silima saboda rashin lafiya, ba a taba nuna fim din a talabijin ba ...
Galina Polskikh a cikin "Karen Karen Dingo" ya yi kyau
10. Sananne ga masu kallo da farko saboda rawar kyaftin din yan sanda Vladislav Slavin a Gentlemen na Fortune, Oleg Vidov shine, a bayyane yake, dan wasan fim din Rasha mafi nasara wanda ya gudu zuwa ƙasar waje. A shekara ta 1983 ya tsere zuwa cikin Yugoslavia, inda ya sadu da matarsa ta huɗu kuma ta ƙarshe a Amurka. A cikin Sabuwar Duniya, ya zama sananne, da farko, a matsayin mutumin da ya kawo mafi kyawun zane-zanen Rasha zuwa Yammaci. Bayan da ya sayi haƙƙin nunawa da buga dubban fina-finai masu rai na Soviet daga sabon kulawar Soyuzmultfilm a farashi mai sauƙi, Vidov ya sami kuɗi mai kyau akan wannan. Kodayake duk abin da ya samu, gami da kuɗaɗen karatun sakandare da na manyan makarantu a fina-finan Amurka, har yanzu ya shiga aljihun Amurkawa masanan. Tuni a cikin 1998, Vidov ya kamu da cutar kansa ta pituitary. Daga nan har zuwa mutuwarsa, Vidov ya ci gaba da yaƙin mutuwa. An sami nasarar nasarar cikin duel tare da sakamakon da aka ƙaddara a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2017, lokacin da Vidov ya mutu a Asibitin Kauyen Westlake.
"Sayi kati don kanka, takalmin bast!" Direban tasi - Oleg Vidov
