Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (1894-1987) - ɗan ƙasa kuma ɗan siyasa na Jamus, mataimakin Fuhrer a cikin NSDAP da Reichsminister.

A cikin 1941 ya yi jirgin sama shi kadai zuwa Burtaniya, yana ƙoƙarin shawo kan Birtaniyya don kulla yarjejeniya da Nazi Jamus, amma ya kasa.

Turawan ingila ne suka kame Hess suka tsare shi har zuwa karshen yakin, daga nan kuma aka mayar da shi kotun sojan kasa da kasa, wacce ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya kasance mai aminci ga Hitler da Nazism. Bayan kashe kansa, ya zama gunkin neo-Nazis, wanda ya daukaka shi zuwa matsayin shahidai.

Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa Rudolf Hess, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.

Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Hess.

Tarihin rayuwar Rudolf Hess

An haifi Rudolf Hess a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1894 a Alexandria ta Masar. Ya girma ne a gidan wani hamshakin ɗan kasuwar Bavaria Johann Fritz da matarsa Clara Münch. Baya ga Rudolph, an haifi saurayi Alfred da yarinya Margarita a cikin dangin Hess.

Yara da samari

Hessiawa suna zaune a cikin wani katafaren gida mai daraja wanda aka gina a gefen teku. Duk lokacin yarinta na nan gaba Nazi ya kasance cikin al'ummar Jamusawa ta Alexandria, sakamakon hakan shi da ɗan'uwansa da 'yar'uwarsa ba sa tattaunawa da Masarawa da sauran ƙasashe.

Shugaban dangin ya kasance mutum mai tsananin taurin kai da son sarauta wanda ke neman biyayya babu tantama. Yara sun girma cikin horo mai tsauri, suna bin takamaiman jadawalin ranar. A 1900, mahaifina ya sayi wani fili a ƙauyen Bavaria na Reicholdsgrün, inda ya gina katafaren villa mai hawa 2.

A nan Hessians sun huta kowace shekara a lokacin rani, kuma wani lokacin basa barin ƙauyen tsawon watanni shida. Lokacin da Rudolph yake kimanin shekaru 6, iyayensa suka tura shi zuwa wata makarantar Furotesta, amma daga baya mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar koyar da yaran biyu a gida.

Yana dan shekara 14, Rudolf Hess ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantar kwana ta gidan German na yara maza. Anan suka ba da kyakkyawar ilimi, kamar yadda kuma aka koyar da su a fannoni daban-daban da kuma koyar da su wasanni. A wannan lokacin, tarihin rayuwar saurayi ya banbanta da iyawarsa da keɓewarsa.

Ba da daɗewa ba Hess ya zama ɗayan ɗalibai mafi kyau. Bayan ya kammala makarantar allo, sai ya shiga makarantar kasuwanci ta Switzerland. A nan aka horar da shi kan kasuwanci, gajere da rubutu. Koyaya, a cikin wannan ma'aikata yayi karatuttuwa bisa umarnin mahaifinsa, wanda yake so ya canza masa kasuwancin zuwa gare shi, maimakon shi kadai.

Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918) ya taimaka wa Rudolph ya ’yantar da kansa daga“ kangin kasuwancin ”. Yana cikin masu sa kai na farko da suka je gaba. Kodayake mahaifin bai yarda da irin wannan shawarar na dansa ba, a wannan lokacin saurayin ya nuna jajircewa kuma bai yi watsi da imaninsa ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Hess ya gaya wa mahaifinsa wannan magana: "A yau, ba a ba da umarni ba daga 'yan kasuwa ba, amma daga sojoji." A gaban, ya nuna kansa a matsayin jarumi ɗan bindiga da jariri. Ya halarci yaƙe-yaƙe mafi wuya, akai-akai yana karɓar munanan raunuka.

A watan Oktoba 1917, Rudolf Hess ya sami karin girma zuwa Laftana, bayan haka kuma ya koma can zuwa Sojan Sama na Jamus. Ya yi aiki a cikin rundunar soja kuma an ba shi digiri na biyu na Iron Cross.

Yakin ya yi mummunan sakamako a kan jin daɗin rayuwar iyali. An kwace kasuwancin Hess Sr., wanda hakan ya bashi wahala wajen kula da matarsa da yaransa. Tsoffin mayaƙan yaƙi sun sami damar samun ilimi kyauta. A wannan dalilin, Rudolph ya shiga Jami'ar Munich a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki, inda ya zama abokai da Hermann Goering.

Ayyukan siyasa

A cikin 1919, Hess ya halarci taron ƙungiyar Thule, ƙungiyar matsafa ta Jamus da ƙungiyar siyasa. Anan an tattauna fifikon tseren Aryan akan wasu kuma an tabbatar dashi, tare da adawa da yahudawa da kishin kasa. Abin da ya ji a tarurruka ya yi tasiri sosai game da halayensa.

Bayan wani lokaci, Rudolph ya sadu da Adolf Hitler mai kwarjini, wanda ya sanya shi ba zai manta da shi ba. Mutanen nan da nan suka sami yaren gama gari a tsakaninsu.

Hess na maganganun Hess sun sami kwarin gwiwa sosai don haka ya bi diddigin sa a zahiri kuma a shirye yake ya sadaukar da kansa don shi. A watan Nuwamba 1923, 'yan Nazi sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙwace mulki, wanda ya shiga cikin tarihi a matsayin Beer Putsch.

Koyaya, an murkushe putch, kuma an kame yawancin masu shirya shi da mahalarta. A sakamakon haka, an saka Hitler da Hess a kurkukun Landsberg. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a nan ne shugaban gaba na Reich na Uku ya rubuta mafi yawan littafinsa "Gwagwarmaya ta".

Abin lura ne cewa an tsare fursunonin cikin yanayi mai sauki. Misali, zasu iya taruwa a teburin su tattauna batutuwan siyasa. A yayin tattaunawar, Rudolph ya fara sha'awar Hitler sosai. Abin mamaki ne cewa Hess ne ya rubuta surori da yawa na Gwagwarmaya, kuma ya zama editan littafin.

A cikin Janairu 1925, an saki fursunonin. Rudolph ya shawo kan Adolf ya zama sakatarensa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura, ban da aikinsa kai tsaye, Hess ya kuma kula da tsarin abincin maigidansa da al'adar sa. Masu tarihin rayuwa sun ce mafi yawan godiyarsa gare shi cewa a cikin 1933 Fuhrer ya zama shugaban ƙasa.

Lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka hau mulki, Hitler ya nada Rudolf mataimakinsa na farko. Hess ta koya wa membersan uwanta jam’iyya tsananin horo, sannan kuma ta nemi a yaki shan sigari da shaye-shaye. Ya kuma hana 'yan Nazi yin kusanci da yahudawa. Haka kuma, ya sanya waɗannan mutane cikin tsanantawa, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar dokokin launin fatar Nuremberg (1935).

Kowace shekara, Mulkin Reich na Uku ya zama ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi da tattalin arziki. Fuehrer ya bayyana buƙatar cinye sabbin yankuna, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa Nazis fara shiri don Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945).

Shugaban na Jamusanci ya ɗauki Biritaniya a matsayin ƙawance amintacciya, don haka ya ba da Biritaniya ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya: Jamus ya kamata ta sami iko a Turai, kuma Birtaniyya ta mayar da mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Yana da kyau a lura cewa 'yan Nazi sun ɗauki mazauna Burtaniya a matsayin mutanen dangin "Aryan".

Tattaunawar ta cimma matsaya, bayan haka Rudolf Hess ya yi tunanin "Ofishin Jakadancin Zaman Lafiya". A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1941, ya tashi a asirce zuwa Scotland, da nufin neman goyon bayan Turawan Ingila. Ta hanyar mataimakansa, ya nemi ya sanar da Hitler game da aikinsa bayan ya bar Jamus.

Isar sa zuwa gabar tekun yamma ta Scotland, sai ya fara neman filin sauka, wanda aka yiwa alama a taswirar. Koyaya, bai same ta ba, ya yanke shawarar fidda shi.

A yayin tsallaken leken asiri, Rudolf Hess ya buga dunduniyar sa sosai a wutsiyar jirgin, sakamakon haka ya rasa hankalin sa. Ya zo kansa bayan saukarsa, sojoji sun kewaye shi.

Lokacin da aka sanar da Fuehrer game da abin da ya faru, hakan ya ba shi haushi. Aikin rashin hankali na Hess ya sanya haɗin haɗin da aka kafa tare da ƙawayenta cikin haɗari. Cikin fushi, Hitler ya kira Rudolph mahaukaci kuma maci amana ga Jamus.

Matakin jirgin “matuka na zaman lafiya” shine ya shawo kan Churchill ya ƙulla yarjejeniya da gwamnatin ta Uku, amma ba abin da ya same ta. A sakamakon haka, ayyukan Hess ba su da amfani kwata-kwata.

Kammalawa da gwaji

Bayan an kama shi, an yi wa Rudolph tambayoyi na kimanin shekaru 4. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, fursunan ya yi kokarin kashe kansa sau uku kuma ya fara nuna alamun rashin tabin hankali. Wani abin ban sha'awa shine lokacin da aka kaishi kotu a Nuremberg, yana cikin halin rashin nutsuwa.

A watan Oktoba 1946, alƙalai suka yanke wa Hess hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, suna zarginsa da wasu manyan laifuka. Bayan shekara guda, an saka shi a kurkukun Spandau.

A cikin shekarun 60s, dangin Rudolf sun nace kan a sake shi da wuri. Sunyi jayayya cewa ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da yanayi kuma ana tsare da shi cikin mawuyacin hali.

Kotun zaben ta ki sakin Hess. Sai dai shi fursunan da kansa bai nemi a sake shi ta wannan hanyar ba, yana mai cewa: "Darajata a gare ni ta fi 'yanci na." Har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya kasance mai aminci ga Hitler kuma bai yarda da laifinsa ba.

Rayuwar mutum

A ƙarshen 1927, Rudolf Hess ya auri Ilse Prel. Yana matukar kaunar matarsa har ma ya rubuta mata waka. Koyaya, a cikin wasiƙa zuwa ga kawarta, Ilsa ta ba da rahoton cewa mijinta ba ya aiki sosai a cikin aikinsa na aure.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin wannan auren an haifi ɗa na fari, Wolf R Wolfdiger Hess shekaru 10 kawai bayan bikin auren ma'aurata. Zamanin Hess sun yi zargin cewa Nazi yan luwadi ne. Koyaya, yana da wahalar faɗi haka.

Mutuwa

Rudolf Hess ya kashe kansa a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1987 ta hanyar rataye kansa a cikin kurkuku. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yana da shekaru 93. Har zuwa shekarar 2011, gawar Nazi ta kasance a makabartar Lutheran, amma bayan hayar filin ta ƙare, ragowar Hess sun ƙone, kuma tokar ta bazu a kan teku.