Henry Ford (1863-1947) - Ba'amurke ɗan masana'antu, mai mallakar masana'antar kera motoci a duniya, mai ƙirƙira, marubucin lasisin mallakar Amurka 161.
Tare da taken "mota ne ga kowa", kamfanin Ford ya samar da motoci mafi arha a farkon zamanin kera motoci.
Kamfanin Ford shine na farko da yayi amfani da belin dako na masana'antu don kera motoci cikin layi. Kamfanin Mota na Ford ya ci gaba da kasancewa a yau.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Henry Ford, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Ford.
Tarihin Henry Ford
An haifi Henry Ford ne a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1863, a cikin dangin baƙi na Irish waɗanda ke zaune a gona kusa da Detroit.
Baya ga Henry, an haifi wasu 'yan mata biyu a gidan William Ford da Marie Lithogoth - Jane da Margaret, da yara maza uku: John, William da Robert.
Yara da samari
Iyayen masana'antar masana'antar nan gaba manoma ne masu wadata. Koyaya, dole ne su yi ƙoƙari sosai don noman ƙasar.
Henry ba ya son zama manomi saboda ya yi imanin cewa mutum yana kashe kuzari sosai wajen kula da gida fiye da yadda yake karɓar 'ya'yan itace daga aikinsa. Tun yana yaro, yana karatu ne kawai a makarantar coci, wanda shine dalilin da yasa rubutun sa ya zama gurgu sosai kuma bashi da ilimin gargajiya sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a nan gaba, lokacin da Ford ya riga ya kasance mai kera motoci, ba zai iya ƙulla yarjejeniya da ƙwarewa ba. Koyaya, yayi imani cewa babban abu ga mutum ba karatu bane, amma iya tunani.
A cikin shekaru 12, bala'i na farko ya faru a tarihin rayuwar Henry Ford - ya rasa mahaifiyarsa. Bayan haka, a karo na farko a rayuwarsa, ya ga locomobile, wanda ke motsa ta hanyar injin tururi.
Motar ta kawo matashin cikin farin ciki mara misaltuwa, bayan haka yana da sha'awar haɗa rayuwarsa da fasaha. Koyaya, mahaifin yana sukar mafarkin ɗan nasa saboda yana son ya zama manomi.
Lokacin da Ford yake da shekaru 16, ya yanke shawarar gudu daga gida. Ya tashi zuwa Detroit, inda ya zama mai koyan sana'ar koyon aikin injiniya. Bayan shekaru 4, mutumin ya koma gida. Da rana ya taimaki iyayensa da aikin gida, kuma da daddare ya kirkiro wani abu.
Ganin irin kokarin da mahaifinsa ya yi don ganin aikin ya cika, Henry ya yanke shawarar sauƙaƙa aikinsa. Da kansa ya gina mashin mai.
Ba da daɗewa ba, sauran manoma da yawa sun so samun irin wannan dabara. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa kamfanin Ford ya sayar da haƙƙin mallaka ga Thomas Edison, kuma daga baya ya fara aiki da kamfanin shahararren mai ƙirar.
Kasuwanci
Henry Ford ya yi aiki da Edison daga 1891 zuwa 1899. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya ci gaba da shiga cikin ƙirar fasaha. Ya kudiri niyyar kirkirar motar da zata yiwa talakawan Amurka kudi.
A cikin 1893 Henry ya tara motarsa ta farko. Saboda Edison yana sukar masana'antar kera motoci, Ford ya yanke shawarar barin kamfanin sa. Daga baya ya fara hada kai da Kamfanin Mota na Detroit, amma bai dade a nan ba.
Matashin injiniyan ya nemi yaɗa motar tasa, sakamakon hakan ya fara hawa tituna da bayyana a wuraren taruwar jama'a. Koyaya, da yawa kawai sun yi masa ba'a, suna kiran shi "mallaki" daga Titin Begley.
Koyaya, Henry Ford bai yi kasala ba kuma ya ci gaba da neman hanyoyin aiwatar da ra'ayinsa. A cikin 1902 ya shiga cikin tsere, bayan ya sami nasarar isa tseren ƙarshe da sauri fiye da zakaran Amurka mai ci. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, mai kirkirar ba ya son cin gasar sosai, sai dai ya tallata motarsa, wanda ya samu nasarar hakan.
A shekara mai zuwa, Ford ya buɗe kamfaninsa, Ford Motor, inda ya fara kera motocin kamfanin Ford A. Har yanzu yana son ƙirƙirar mota mai amintacce kuma mai arha.
Sakamakon haka, Henry shine farkon wanda yayi amfani da jigilar kayayyaki don kera motoci - yana kawo sauyi ga masana'antar kera motoci. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa kamfaninsa ya sami matsayi na gaba a masana'antar kera motoci. Godiya ga amfani da mai jigilar kayayyaki, taron injina ya fara faruwa sau da yawa sauri.
Gaskiyar nasarar ta zo ga Ford a cikin 1908 - tare da fara kera motar "Ford-T". Wannan samfurin an rarrabe shi ta hanya mai sauƙi, abin dogara kuma mai arha, wanda shine abin da mai ƙirƙira ke ƙoƙari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kowace shekara farashin "Ford-T" yana ci gaba da raguwa: idan a shekarar 1909 farashin mota ya kasance $ 850, to a cikin 1913 ya faɗi zuwa $ 550!
Bayan lokaci, dan kasuwar ya gina masana'antar Highland Park, inda samar da layin taron ya ci gaba harma da girma. Wannan ya kara inganta tsarin taron tare da inganta ingancin sa. Abun birgewa ne cewa idan a da can motar '' T '' ta haɗu cikin kimanin awanni 12, yanzu ƙasa da awanni 2 sun ishi ma'aikata!
Girman girma da wadata, Henry Ford ya sayi ma'adinai da ma'adinan kwal, sannan kuma ya ci gaba da gina sabbin masana'antu. A sakamakon haka, ya kirkiri daula baki daya wacce ba ta dogara da wata kungiya ba da kuma kasuwancin kasashen waje ba.
Zuwa shekarar 1914, masana'antun masana'antun sun samar da motoci miliyan 10, wanda ya kasance kaso 10% na dukkan motoci a duniya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa Ford koyaushe yana kulawa da yanayin aikin ma'aikata, kuma yana haɓaka yawan albashin ma'aikata.
Henry ya gabatar da mafi karancin mafi karancin albashi na kasar, $ 5 a rana, kuma ya gina gari na gari ma'aikata. Abin ban mamaki, $ 5 "ƙarin albashi" an yi nufin ne kawai ga waɗanda suka kashe shi da hikima. Idan wani ma'aikaci, alal misali, ya sha kuɗi a waje, nan take aka kore shi daga aikin.
Kamfanin Ford ya gabatar da hutun kwana daya a kowane mako da kuma hutu daya biya. Kodayake ma'aikata sun yi aiki tuƙuru kuma sun bi ƙa'idodin horo, kyakkyawan yanayi ya ja hankalin dubban mutane, don haka ɗan kasuwar bai taɓa neman ma'aikata ba.
A farkon 1920s, Henry Ford ya siyar da motoci fiye da duk abokan takararsa idan aka haɗu. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin motoci 10 da aka sayar a Amurka, 7 an samar da su a masana'antar sa. Abin da ya sa a wancan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa ake yi wa mutumin laƙabi da "sarkin mota".
Tun daga 1917, Amurka ta shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Farko a matsayin ɓangare na Entente. A lokacin, masana'antar Ford suna kera maskin gas, hular kwano ta soja, tankoki da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa.
A lokaci guda kuma, masanin masana'antar ya bayyana cewa ba zai samu kudi ba a kan zubar da jini, yana mai alkawarin mayar da dukkan ribar cikin kasafin kudin kasar. Wannan aikin ya sami karbuwa daga Amurkawa, wanda ya taimaka haɓaka ikonsa.
Bayan karshen yakin, saida motocin Ford-T suka fara yin kasa sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda mutane suna son nau'ikan da mai gasa, General Motors, ya samar musu. Ya kai ga cewa a cikin 1927 Henry na gab da fatarar kuɗi.
Mai kirkirar ya fahimci cewa yakamata ya kirkiri sabuwar mota wacce zata kayatar da mai siyarwar "lalacewa". Tare da ɗansa, ya gabatar da samfurin Ford-A, wanda ke da kyakkyawan ƙira da haɓaka halayen fasaha. A sakamakon haka, masana'antar kera motoci ta sake zama jagora a kasuwar motoci.
Komawa cikin 1925, Henry Ford ya buɗe kamfanin Ford Airways. Samfurin mai nasara a cikin manyan layin shine Ford Trimotor. An samar da wannan jirgin saman fasinja a cikin lokacin 1927-1933 kuma ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1989.
Kamfanin Ford ya ba da shawarar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki tare da Tarayyar Soviet, shi ya sa aka samar da taraktan Soviet na farko na kamfanin Fordson-Putilovets (1923) a kan kamfanin motar na Fordson. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ma'aikatan motocin Ford sun ba da gudummawa ga ginin masana'antu a Moscow da Gorky.
A cikin 1931, saboda rikicin tattalin arziki, kayayyakin kamfanin Ford Motor suna cikin raguwar buƙata. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta Ford ba kawai don rufe wasu masana'antun ba, har ma don rage albashin ma'aikatan da ke aiki. Fusatattun ma'aikata sun ma yi kokarin afkawa masana'antar ta Rouge, amma 'yan sanda sun tarwatsa taron ta hanyar amfani da makamai.
Henry ya sami damar gano hanyar fita daga mawuyacin hali sake godiya ga sabon gwaninta. Ya gabatar da motar motsa jiki "Ford V 8", wanda zai iya hanzarta zuwa kilomita 130 / h. Motar ta zama sananne sosai, wanda ya ba mutumin damar komawa yawan tallan da ya gabata.
Ra'ayoyin siyasa da kin jinin yahudawa
Akwai wurare da yawa masu duhu a cikin tarihin rayuwar Henry Ford waɗanda mutanen zamaninsa suka la'anta. Don haka, a cikin 1918 ya zama mamallakin jaridar The Dearborn Independent, inda aka fara buga labaran ƙiyayya da Semitic bayan wasu shekaru.
Bayan lokaci, an tara jerin wallafe-wallafe masu yawa a kan wannan batun a cikin littafi - "Baƙin Duniya na Duniya". Kamar yadda lokaci zai nuna, ra'ayoyi da roko na Ford da ke cikin wannan aikin Nazi zasu yi amfani da su.
A cikin 1921, daruruwan sanannun Amurkawa, ciki har da shugabannin Amurka guda uku sun yi tir da littafin. A ƙarshen 1920s, Henry ya yarda da kuskurensa kuma ya ba da gafara ga jama'a a cikin jaridu.
Lokacin da 'yan Nazis suka hau karagar mulkin Jamus, karkashin jagorancin Adolf Hitler, Ford ya ba da haɗin kai tare da su, yana ba da kayan aiki. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin gidan zama na Hitler na Hitler akwai ma hoto na masana'antar kera motoci.
Ba karamin abin birgewa bane cewa lokacinda 'yan Nazi suka mamaye Faransa, kamfanin Henry Ford, wanda ya kera motoci da injunan jirgin sama, ya samu nasarar aiki a Poissy tun 1940.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da Henry Ford yake da shekaru 24, ya auri wata yarinya mai suna Clara Bryant, wanda ɗiyar wani manomi ne talakawa. Ma'aurata daga baya suna da ɗa kawai, Edsel.
Ma'auratan sun yi rayuwa mai tsawo da farin ciki tare. Bryant ta goyi bayan kuma ta yi imani da mijinta ko da lokacin da aka yi masa ba'a. Da zarar mai kirkirar ya yarda cewa zai so rayuwa wata rayuwa sai idan Klara na kusa da shi.
Yayin da Edsel Ford ya girma, ya zama shugaban Kamfanin Kamfanin Motoci na Ford, yana riƙe da wannan matsayin a lokacin tarihinsa na 1919-1943. - har zuwa rasuwarsa.
A cewar majiyoyi masu iko, Henry ya kasance Freemason. Babban Lodge na New York ya tabbatar da cewa mutumin memba ne na Lodge na Palasdinawa mai lamba 357. Daga baya ya karɓi digiri na 33 na tsarin Scotland.
Mutuwa
Bayan mutuwar ɗansa a 1943 daga cutar kansa, tsoho Henry Ford ya sake karɓar kamfanin. Koyaya, saboda tsufansa, ba shi da sauƙi a gare shi ya sarrafa irin wannan babbar daular.
A sakamakon haka, masanin masana'antar ya mika ragamar jagorancin ga jikan Henry, wanda ya yi kyakkyawan aiki na ayyukansa. Henry Ford ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1947 yana da shekara 83. Dalilin mutuwarsa shi ne zubar jini a kwakwalwa.
Bayan kansa, mai kirkirar ya bar tarihin rayuwarsa "Rayuwata, nasarorin da na samu", inda ya bayyana dalla-dalla tsarin kungiyar kwadago ta ma'aikata daidai. Ra'ayoyin da aka gabatar a cikin wannan littafin kamfanoni da kungiyoyi da yawa sun karɓi su.
Hoto na Henry Ford
