Sunan Alexander the Great ya daɗe da zama sananne a cikin maganganun tattaunawa game da fasahar yaƙi. Mai mulkin Macedonia, wanda ya sami nasarar cinye kusan rabin duniyar da aka sani a lokacin cikin shekaru, an yarda da shi a matsayin babban shugaban soja a tarihin ɗan adam. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, Alexander ya yi amfani da ƙarfin sojojinsa, musamman sojojin ƙafa, kuma ya nemi ya ƙyale sojojin abokan gaba su yi amfani da fa'idodin su. Musamman, a Indiya, mutanen Macedonia sun sami nasarar yaƙi da giwayen da ba a taɓa ganinsu ba a fagen daga. Yana da ragaggen jiragen ruwa, ya ci karfin teku, ya hana su tashar jirgin ruwa.
Nasarar Alexander a ginin ƙasa, a gefe guda, abin tambaya ne sosai. Ya ci ƙasashe da yaƙi, ya kafa biranen kuma ya nemi tsara duniya baki ɗaya bisa ga tsarin Hellenic, amma babbar ƙasar da ya kafa ta zama ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ta faɗi kusan bayan mutuwar sarki. Koyaya, masana tarihi suna ɗaukar gudummawar Alexander ga yaduwar al'adun Helenawa da mahimmanci.
1. Wanda aka haifa a gaba mai nasara na duniya an haifeshi a wannan ranar 356 BC. BC, lokacin da Herostratus ya sanya wuta a haikalin Artemis. Tsoffin mashahuran PR sun fassara daidaito daidai: saboda neman haihuwa, allahiya ba ta iya ceton haikalin da aka gina don girmamawa ba.
2. Dangane da tatsuniyoyi kuma asalin tarihin kotu, an ɗauki Alexander kusan rafi ne kai tsaye na gumakan Girka. An sanar da shi koyaushe game da wannan tun lokacin yarinta. Gaskiyar cewa Girkawa da kansu sun ɗauki Macedonia ƙasa ce ta baƙi, ba shakka, bai yi magana da sarki na gaba ba.
3. Saurayi Alexander ya kasance mai tsananin kishin nasarorin soja na mahaifinsa. Ya ji tsoron kada Filibus II ya cinye duniya duka ba tare da ya bar wa magajin komai ba.
4. Tuni yana ƙarami, Alexander ya sami nasarar jagorantar dakaru, tare da murƙushe boren ƙabilun da aka ci da yaƙi. Uba, zuwa yaƙi na gaba, da zuciya mai sauƙi ya bar shi a matsayin mai mulki.
5. Philip IV ya mutu kwarai da gaske yayin wani lokacin na sanyaya wa ɗan nasa rai. Uba mai suna Alexander ya gamu da ajalinsa ta hanyar mai tsaron kansa a daidai lokacin da alakar Philip da dansa ta kasance mara kyau, kuma har ma sarki na tunanin wani magaji.
6. Sojojin sun yi shelar Tsar Alexander, tun da ana iya fassara ma'anar mulkin sarauta da yardar kaina. Sabuwar tsar ta kawar da duk mai yuwuwar adawa ta hanyar gicciye, adda, da kuma, kamar yadda masana tarihi ke rubutawa da kyau, "tilasta kashe kansa." A cikin waɗannan damuwar, mahaifiyar Alexander, Olympias, mataimakiyar mataimakiyar Alexander ce.
7. Da ya hau mulki, Alexander ya soke duk haraji. Bashin kasafin kudi a wancan lokacin ya kai talanti 500 (kimanin tan 13 na azurfa).
8. Baya ga bukatar cin ganima ta hanyar yake-yake, Alexander ya kasance yana da sha'awar kafa sabbin yankuna, wadanda ya kamata su mallake shi ta hanyar duk masu adawa da wadanda basu yarda da manufofinsa ba.
9. Sojojin Alexander sun ci yankuna da yawa daga Misira zuwa Indiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya cikin kusan shekaru 10.
10. Ba daidai ba, girman ikon makiyi ya taimaki Alexander the Great don kayar da Daular Fasiya mai ƙarfi: bayan nasarar farko ta Makedoniya, hakimai - sarakunan wasu sassan Farisa - sun gwammace su miƙa wa Alexander ba tare da faɗa ba.
11. Diplomasiyya ma ta ba da gudummawa ga nasarorin soja na Alexander. Sau da yawa ya bar makiya na baya-bayan nan a matsayin masu mulki, ya bar musu dukiya. Hakanan bai ba da gudummawa ga ingancin faɗa na sojojin adawa ba.
12. A lokaci guda kuma, Sarkin na Makedoniya ya kasance mai tsananin jin kai ga 'yan uwansa kabilu da ake zargi da kulla makirci ko cin amana. Ya aiwatar da rashin tausayi har ma da mutane na kusa.
13. Akasin duk kundin tsarin mulkin soja, Alexander da kansa ya ruga da yaƙi. Wannan yunƙurin ya jawo masa raunuka da yawa. Don haka, a cikin 325 a Indiya, ya ji rauni mai tsanani tare da kibiya a cikin kirji.
14. Babban burin nasarar Alexander shine Ganges - bisa ga ra'ayoyin mutanen Girkawa na da, duk duniya ta gama can. Kwamandan ya kasa zuwa wurinsa saboda gajiyawar sojojinsa da kuma gunaguni da ya fara a ciki.
15. A shekara ta 324, aka shirya gagarumin bikin aure, wanda aka tsara don karfafa jihar Alexander ta hanyar aurar da talakawansa da mutanen Farisa. Alexander ya auri wakilai biyu na masu martaba kai tsaye kuma ya auri ƙarin ma'aurata 10,000.
16. A ƙarshe, Alexander ya hau kan rake na sarki Fasiya Darius. Yankin da ya tara ya yi yawa. Bayan mutuwar mai mulkin, ya faɗi kusan kusan saurin walƙiya.
17. Ba a tabbatar da hakikanin abin da ya sa Alexander ya mutu ba. Dangane da kwatancin daban-daban, zai iya mutuwa daga guba, zazzabin cizon sauro, ko wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa. Babban shugaban sojoji na zamanin d was a an kone shi da rai daga rashin lafiya a cikin kwanaki 10 a cikin Yuni 323 BC. e. Ya kasance kawai 32 shekaru.
18. Baya ga sanannen Alexandria na Masar, Alexander ya kafa wasu garuruwa da yawa da suna iri daya. Wasu tsoffin masana tarihi sun kirga fiye da dozin Iskandariya.
19. Akwai bayanai masu karo da juna game da luwadi irin na Alexander. A cewar ɗayansu, babban janar ba zai kasance baƙon ba ga wannan al'adar ta Hellenic. Wasu kafofin sun ba da rahoton cewa ya yi fushi lokacin da aka ba shi ya ba yara maza don jin daɗin gado.
20. Alexander ya kasance mai yawan sautuwa a mahangar addininsa. Game da imanin mutanen da aka ci da yaƙi, don haka ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar soja. Sai kawai a ƙarshen rayuwarsa ya fara tsarkake kansa, wanda hakan bai yi wa sojojinsa da amintattunsa dadi ba.
