Lokacin hunturu lokaci ne mai rikici. A.S Pushkin ya yi waƙar rawan Rasha da kyau. Bugu da kari, lokacin hunturu lokaci ne na hutu masu farin ciki tun fil azal. Manya da yara suna jiran Sabuwar Shekara da ƙarshen mako da hutu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan kwanan wata da Kirsimeti tare da kusan rashin haƙuri.
A gefe guda, hunturu yana da sanyi kuma matsaloli masu alaƙa a cikin yanayin sanyi, buƙatar yin sutura da dumi da haɗin haɗi da haɗari. Rana a cikin hunturu takaitacciya ce hatta a yankin Turai na ƙasar, ba tare da ambaton manyan tsauraran wurare ba, wanda kuma ba ya daɗa wa yanayi. Idan ana yin dusar ƙanƙara, to matsalar sufuri ce. Wani narkewa zai zo - komai ya nutsar da ruwa da danshi mai dusar ƙanƙara ...
Hanya ɗaya ko wata, akwai hunturu, kodayake ta fuskoki daban-daban, wani lokacin mawuyaci, wani lokacin abin dariya.
1. Lokacin hunturu ba Disamba, Janairu da Fabrairu bane. Maimakon haka, irin wannan ma'anar ta dace, amma kawai ga yawancin Hasashen Arewa. A Yankin Kudancin Kudu, lokacin hunturu shine abinda muke tunanin watannin bazara. Mafi daidaito, zai ayyana hunturu a yanayi a matsayin tazara tsakanin bazara da kaka, ko azaman lokacin mafi sanyi na shekara.
A Brazil, dusar ƙanƙara, idan ta faru, ta kasance a cikin Yuli
2. Lokacin hunturu ba ya zuwa daga canjin nesa daga Duniya zuwa Rana. Tsarin duniya yana da dan tsawo, amma banbancin kilomita miliyan 5 tsakanin rashi da aphelion (mafi girma da kuma mafi kankantar tazara zuwa Rana) ba zai iya taka rawa ba. Amma karkatarwar 23.5 ° na doron ƙasa game da tasirin tsaye, idan muka kwatanta yanayin a tsakiyar latitude a lokacin sanyi da bazara, da ƙarfi sosai. Haskoki na rana suna faɗuwa a ƙasa a kusurwa kusa da madaidaiciya - muna da lokacin rani. Suna faɗuwa da ƙarfi - muna da hunturu. A duniyar Uranus, saboda karkatarwar axis (ya fi 97 °), akwai yanayi biyu kawai - rani da damuna, kuma suna da shekaru 42.
3. Lokacin tsananin hunturu a duniya shine na Yakut. A Yakutia, yana iya farawa a tsakiyar Satumba. Shima wuri mafi sanyi a duniya tare da ɗumbin mazaunan yana cikin Yakutia. Ana kiransa Oymyakon. A nan zafin -77.8 ° С, “ba hunturu ba” - sunan gida - yana daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, kuma yara ba sa zuwa makaranta kawai idan sanyi ya fi ƙarfi -60 ° С.
Mutane suna zaune suna aiki a Oymyakon
4. An rubuta yanayin zafi mafi ƙaranci a Duniya a Antarctica. A cikin yankin tashar pola ta Japan, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio sau ɗaya ya nuna -91.8 ° C.
5. Astronomically, hunturu a Arewacin duniya ya fara daga 22 Disamba kuma ya ƙare a kan Maris 21. Ga kayan tarihin, hunturu yana farawa a ranar 22 ga Yuni kuma ya ƙare a ranar 21 ga Satumba.
6. Yanayin damuna sun fi dangi ta fuskar sharudda fiye da masu ilimin taurari. A cikin sararin samaniya wanda Rasha take, ana ɗaukar farkon hunturu rana ce wacce matsakaicin zafin iska bai wuce 0 ° С ba. Lokacin hunturu yana ƙarewa yayin da aka ƙetare bakin ƙofa guda da baya.
7. Akwai batun "hunturu ta nukiliya" - wani yanayi mai dorewa wanda sanadin manyan fashewar makaman nukiliya. Dangane da wata ka'ida da aka kirkira a karshen karni na 20, megatons na tokar da aka dauke su zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar fashewar atomik zasu takaita kwararar hasken rana da haske. Yanayin iska zai sauka zuwa kimar zamanin Ice, wanda zai zama bala'i ga noma da namun daji gaba ɗaya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu kyakkyawan fata da fata mara kyau sun soki batun "damunar nukiliya". Wasu irin kamannin lokacin hunturu na nukiliya a cikin tunanin 'yan adam sun riga sun kasance - a cikin 1815, yayin fashewar dutsen mai suna Tambora a Indonesia, ƙura da yawa sun shiga cikin yanayi cewa shekara ta gaba a Turai da Amurka ana kiranta "shekara ba tare da rani ba". Centuriesarni biyu da suka gabata, shekaru uku masu tsananin sanyi wanda sanadiyyar fashewar dutse daga Kudancin Amurka ya haifar da yunwa da rikice-rikicen siyasa a Rasha. Manyan Matsaloli sun fara, wanda kusan ya ƙare da mutuwar jihar.
8. Akwai yaɗuwar ra'ayin cewa a cikin hunturu na shekarar 1941 sojojin Jamus za su karɓi Moscow idan ba don "Janar Frost" ba - hunturu ya yi tsanani sosai ta yadda Turawan da ba su saba da yanayin sanyi ba kuma kayan aikinsu ba za su iya yaƙi ba. Wannan lokacin hunturu hakika yana ɗaya daga cikin goma mafi tsananin akan yankin Rasha a cikin karni na CC, amma mummunan yanayin sanyi ya fara riga a cikin Janairu 1942, lokacin da aka kori Jamusawa daga Moscow. Disamba 1941, wanda mummunan harin Red Army ya faru, ya kasance mai sauƙi - ƙasa da -10 ° C yanayin zafin ya ragu cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Ba a yi musu kashedi ba game da sanyi
9. Kamar yadda aikace-aikace ya nuna, a cikin Rasha ta zamani bala'i ba mai tsauri bane, amma yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali. Huntun 2011/2012 kyakkyawan hoto ne. A watan Disamba, sakamakon ruwan da aka daskare ya zama bala'i: dubban kilomita na wayoyi da suka karye, tarin bishiyoyi da suka fadi, da kuma asarar rayukan mutane. A ƙarshen Janairu, ya ƙara zama mai tsananin sanyi, zazzabin ya tsaya cak ƙasa da -20 ° C, amma babu wani abu mai mahimmanci da ya faru a Rasha. A cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta da yanayi mai ɗumi (da kewayen Rasha duk ƙasashe masu yanayi mai ɗumi), mutane sun daskare har sun mutu a cikin mutane da yawa.
Daskarewa ruwan sama galibi ya fi hatsari sanyi
10. A lokacin hunturu 2016/2017, dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo a cikin wurare mafi ban mamaki don dusar ƙanƙara. Wasu daga tsibirin Hawaiian sun lulluɓe da kusan dusar ƙanƙara ta mita. Kafin wannan, mazaunansu na iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara tana zaune a cikin tsaunuka kawai. Dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a yankin Algeria na Sahara, Vietnam da Thailand. Bugu da ƙari, dusar ƙanƙara ta sauka a ƙasashe biyu na ƙarshe a ƙarshen Disamba, wato, a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, wanda ya haifar da sakamakon da ya dace ga aikin gona.
Dusar kankara a cikin Sahara
11. Snow ba koyaushe yake fari ba. A Amurka, wani lokacin ja dusar kankara tana faduwa - alga ce ke dauke da shi da sunan shashasha mai suna Chlamydomonas. Jan dusar kankara kamar kankana. A shekara ta 2002, launuka da yawa na dusar kankara sun faɗi a Kamchatka - iskar raƙuman ruwa da ke dubban kilomita daga zirin teku sun tayar da ƙura da yashi a cikin sararin samaniya, kuma sun yi ruwan dusar ƙanƙarar. Amma lokacin da a cikin 2007 mazauna yankin Omsk suka ga dusar ƙanƙara mai lemu, ba zai yiwu a kafa dalilin launin ba.
12. Wasannin hunturu mafi shahara shine hockey. Amma idan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata wasan hockey ya kasance yana da hurumin kasashe masu tsananin sanyin hunturu, yanzu ana wasan hockey na kankara - har ma a matakin kwararru - a cikin kasashen da ba na hunturu ba kamar su Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Morocco.
13. Fada ta farko kuma daya tilo tsakanin sojojin kasa da na ruwa ya faru a lokacin sanyi na shekarar 1795 a kan hanyar garin Den Helder na kasar Holland. Lokacin hunturu ya kasance da tsananin wahala a lokacin, kuma rundunar Dutch ta daskarewa cikin kankara. Bayan samun labarin hakan, Faransawa suka kai harin dare a kan jiragen ruwa. Bayan sun lullubi sandunan dawakai da tsummoki, sun sami nasarar zuwa kusa da jiragen. Kowane mai doki shi ma yana ɗauke da sojan ƙafa. Dakarun rundunar hussar da bataliyar sojoji sun kame jiragen yaki 14 da wasu jiragen ruwa masu rakiya.
Yakin Epic
14. Ko da karamin dusar kankara, idan aka narkar da shi, yana bada adadin ruwa mai kyau. Misali, idan a kadada 1 na fili akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri 1 cm, bayan narkewar ƙasa za a sami ruwa mai tsawon cubic 30 - rabin tankin jirgin ƙasa.
15. Kalifoniya - jihar ba rana kawai ba, amma har da dusar kankara. A cikin garin Silverlake a shekarar 1921, dusar kankara ta sauka a tsawan mita 1.93 a kowace rana.Kalifoniya ma itace ke rike da tarihin duniya na yawan dusar kankara da ta fadi a lokacin dusar kankara daya. A kan Dutsen Shesta a cikin 1959, dusar ƙanƙara mai tsawon mita 4.8 ta faɗi a cikin mako guda na ci gaba da hazo. Amurka na riƙe da bayanan rikodin hunturu biyu. A cikin garin Browning (Montana) a daren 23-24 ga Janairu, 1916, zafin ya sauka da 55.5 ° C. Kuma a Kudancin Dakota, a cikin garin Spearfish, a safiyar ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1943, nan da nan ya warke da 27 °, daga -20 ° zuwa + 7 ° С.
