Bature ya zama yana da masaniya sosai da koalas shekaru 200 da suka gabata, amma a wannan lokacin kyawawan halittun kunnuwan sun sarrafa ba ma sanannun dabbobin Ostiraliya kawai ba, suka rufe ko da kangaroo, har ma da daya daga cikin shahararrun dabbobi a duk duniya. Kowane mutum a kalla sau ɗaya, amma wannan halittar ta taɓa shi kamar ɗan ƙaramin ɗan bebi mai kunnuwan Cheburashka da kallon ban sha'awa.
A dabi'a, koalas suna zaune ne kawai a Ostiraliya, kuma a cikin gidan zoo inda suka sami tushe sosai, taurari ne na gaske ba wai kawai saboda bayyanar su ba, amma kuma saboda lalacewarsu kuma a lokaci guda cikin nutsuwa. Idan akwai koalas a gidan ajiyar namun daji, zaku iya hango yiwuwar ta cewa mafi yawan baƙi, musamman kanan yara, zasu kasance kusa da shingen su.
Bayyanar koalas yana yaudara: dabba mai fushi cikin fushi yana iya afkawa mutum. Bari muyi kokarin gabatar da wasu karin bayanai game da wadannan dabbobi masu kayatarwa.
1. Turawa sun fara haduwa da koala a shekarar 1798. Daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnan mulkin mallaka na New South Wales, John Price, ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin tsaunukan Blue Mountains (suna yankin kudu maso gabashin Australiya) akwai dabba mai kama da mata, amma ba ta rayuwa a cikin ramuka, amma a bishiyoyi. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an gano ragowar koala, kuma a cikin Yulin 1803, Sydney Gazette ta buga kwatancen wani samfurin rayuwa da aka kama kwanan nan. Abin mamaki ne cewa mambobin balaguron James Cook ba su ga koalas a cikin 1770 ba. Balaguron balaguron Cook ya banbanta da kulawa ta musamman, amma a bayyane salon rayuwar koalas shi kaɗai ya hana su ganowa.
2. Koalas ba bears bane, koda yake suna kamanceceniya dasu. Ba kawai bayyanar dabba mai ban dariya ba ce ta taimaka wajen rikicewa. Burtaniya da suka fara zama a Australia sun kira dabbar "Koala bear" - "Koala bear". Daga tsoffin masu yanke hukunci da ƙananan al'ummomin Biritaniya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, yana da wuya a yi tsammanin karance-karance na yau da kullun, balle ilimin ilimin halitta. Haka ne, kuma masana kimiyya sun cimma yarjejeniya game da koala ta ajin marsupials kawai a farkon karni na gaba. Tabbas, a rayuwar yau da kullun, haɗuwa da "Koala bear" zai bayyana ga mafi yawan mutane.
3. Koala wani nau'ine ne na musamman wajan tsarin ilimin halittu. Mafi kusancin dangi na mazaunan gandun daji eucalyptus mahaifa ne, amma kuma sun yi nesa da koala ta fuskar salon rayuwa da kuma ilimin rayuwa.
4. Baya ga wuraren ajiyar yanayi da gidajen namun daji, koalas suna zaune ne kawai a Ostiraliya, kuma musamman a gabar gabashinta da kuma tsibirai dake kusa da ita. A kan misalin koala, a bayyane ya ke cewa ba a koyar da Australiya ta ƙarancin gogewar tarwatsa nau'in dabbobi a nahiyar. Bayan sun kone kansu a kan jimina, zomaye har ma da kuliyoyi, a cikin karni na ashirin suka fara himmar fara koalas. kuma ba wai kawai sun dawo da yawan wadannan marsupials ba ne a Kudancin Ostiraliya da suka ragu saboda sare dazuzzuka. An sake koal din zuwa Yankepe National Park da kuma wasu tsibirai da ke kusa da gabar arewa maso gabashin kasar. Tsarin kasa na daidaita koalas ya fadada zuwa kilomita 1,000,0002, amma zamu iya fata kawai cewa jinkirin da kyakkyawan yanayin koala zai taimaka don kauce wa matsalolin muhalli na gaba. Kodayake a tsibirin Kangaroo, inda aka shigo da koala da karfi, yawansu ya kai 30,000, wanda hakan ya wuce karfin samar da abinci a fili. Ba a yarda da shawarar harbe 2/3 na yawan jama'ar ba don lalata martabar kasar.
5. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin koala yakai cm 85, matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogiram 55. Wool ya banbanta dangane da mazaunin - launinsa ya kasance daga azurfa a arewa zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a kudu. Irin wannan ƙididdigar ta nuna cewa ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban suna zaune a arewa da kudu, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da wannan tunanin ba.
6. Abincin koalas na musamman ne. Haka kuma, ya kunshi keɓaɓɓun kayan abinci. A hankali ciyawar ciyayi ke narkewa, wanda hakan ke tilastawa dabbar bada yawancin rana ga abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin koalas ya ƙunshi ganyen eucalyptus kawai, waɗanda suke da guba ga sauran dabbobi. Sun ƙunshi sinadarin terpene da phenolic, kuma ƙananan harbi suna da wadataccen ruwa na hydrocyanic. Abin mamaki ne yadda koalas ke shan irin wannan haɗuwar wuta mai nauyin kilogram (500 g - 1 kilogiram a kowace rana) ba tare da wata illa ga lafiya ba. Bayan nazarin halittu, sai ya zama cewa a cikin kwayar halittar wadannan dabbobi akwai wasu kwayoyin halitta na musamman wadanda ke da alhakin daidai na raba guba. Waɗannan binciken guda ɗaya sun nuna cewa harsunan koala suna da ɗanɗano na musamman waɗanda za su iya tantance abin da ke danshi na ganyen eucalyptus nan take - wata mahimmiyar dukiya don shan ta. A zahiri, ta lasar ganye da sauƙi, koala ya riga ya san ko za'a iya ci. Duk da haka, koda da irin wannan damar ta musamman, koala yana da aƙalla awanni 20 a rana don abinci da narkar da abinci na gaba a cikin mafarki.
7. Gaskiyar cewa koala tana yawan bacci kuma suna iya zama akan bishiya ɗaya tsawon kwanaki hakan baya nufin kwatankwacin ƙarfin motar wannan dabba. Koalas kawai basu da inda zasu ruga. A dabi'a, makiyansu Dingo ne bisa ka'ida, amma don farmaki ya zama dole ne marsupial din ya fita zuwa wani buyayyar wuri, kuma kare ya kusanto dashi - koala na iya saurin zuwa 50 km / h a takaice mai nisa. A yayin wasannin mating, maza na iya shirya duel na jini, wanda a ciki za su nuna kaifi da saurin saurin amsawa, a wannan yanayin, ƙarƙashin hannu, ko kuma a'a, a ƙarƙashin kaɗan dogayen ƙafafu, ya fi kyau kada su haɗu da wani mutum. Hakanan, koalas suna saurin tashi daga bishiyar zuwa bishiya kuma har ma sun san yadda ake iyo. Da kyau, ikon hawan bishiya da rassa har ma sun rataya a ƙafa ɗaya na dogon lokaci sun daɗe da zama alamar waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi.
8. Yan uwa da masu cutar parasites sun fi abokan gaba na koalas hatsari. Yawancin koalas na samari da yawa suna mutuwa a cikin faɗa tare da gogaggun mutane ko kuma sakamakon faɗuwa daga bishiyoyi (kuma suna faruwa - yawancin ruwan da ke cikin jijiya a kwanyar ana bayyana shi sau da yawa ta hanyar sauƙaƙe rikicewar yayin faɗuwa daga tsawo). Yawancin koala da yawa suna fama da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da conjunctivitis, cystitis, sinusitis, da sauran cututtuka. Ko da an sami ɗan gajeren lokaci na zazzabi, koalas na iya kamuwa da cutar nimoniya ta hanci mai ƙaiƙayi. Koalas ma suna da nasu takwarorinsu na cutar kanjamau, kwayar cutar rashin kariya ta koala.
9. Nauyin kwakwalwa kashi 0.2% ne kacal na yawan nauyin koalas. Gwanin da aka tono, da girman kwanyarsu a yanzu, ya nuna cewa kwakwalwar magabatan waɗannan dabbobi sun fi girma. Koyaya, tare da sauƙaƙa abinci da ɓacewar makiya, girmanta ya zama wuce gona da iri. Yanzu kusan rabin girman ƙwanƙolin koala yana cikin ruwan ciki.
10. Koalas suna yin kiwo daidai da yadda suke rayuwa. Balaga na jima'i yana faruwa a shekara ta uku ta rayuwarsu, wanda ya wuce kawai shekaru 12-13. A lokaci guda, mata suna yin aure sau ɗaya kowace shekara 1 - 2, da wuya ƙarancin ɗauke da cuba twoan biyu, yawanci ɗaya. Maza suna kiransu da ɓoye-ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen hanji da kukan halayya. Ciki yana ɗan ɗan wata ɗaya, an haifi ɗan ƙanana ƙwarai (wanda nauyinsa bai wuce gram 5 ba) kuma a farkon watanni shida yana zaune a cikin jakar uwa. Har tsawon watanni shida masu zuwa, shima bai fito daga mahaifiyarsa ba, amma tuni yana wajen jaka, yana manne da fur. A shekara daya da haihuwa, jarirai daga karshe suna samun 'yanci. a lokaci guda, mata na zuwa neman yankinsu, kuma maza na iya zama tare da mahaifiyarsu tsawon wasu shekaru.
11. Koalas na maza suna da igiyar murya ta musamman wacce ke basu damar yin sautuka masu sauti na sautuna daban-daban. Kamar mutane, muryar tana haɓaka tare da shekaru. Samari maza, masu firgita ko jikkata, suna fitar da kururuwa irin ta jariran mutane. Kukan na namiji balagagge yana da ƙaramin timbre kuma yana da bayanai. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa kururuwa na koala na iya tsoratar da masu fafatawa da kuma jawo hankalin mata. Bugu da ƙari, sautin kukan ya ƙunshi bayani (galibi ƙari) game da girman mutum.
12. Koalas sun tsira daga kisan kare dangin nasu. A farkon karni na ashirin, miliyoyin sun harbe su, saboda haka an yaba da kyakkyawan fur mai kauri. An dakatar da farauta a cikin 1927, amma yawan jama'a ba su farfaɗo ba. Daga baya, an shirya wuraren shakatawa na koala da yawa har ma da asibiti na musamman a Ostiraliya. Koyaya, saboda sauyin yanayi, lalacewar dazuzzuka daga mutane da wutar gobara, yawan koalas kullum yana raguwa.
13. Mallakar koalas na sirri haramtacce ne a duk duniya, kodayake ana iya samun wani nau'in cinikin ƙasa - 'ya'yan itacen da aka hana na da daɗi koyaushe. Amma don ganin waɗannan marsupials, ba lallai bane ya tashi zuwa Australia - akwai koala a cikin gidajen zoo da yawa a duniya. Tare da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da kulawa a cikin bauta, suna rayuwa fiye da yadda suke yi lokacin da suke kyauta, kuma suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. A lokaci guda, duk da karancin hankalinsu, suna nuna kauna mai ratsa jiki ga ma'aikatan, suna cikin nishadi ko kuma suna kamun kai kamar kananan yara.
14. A karshen karni na ashirin, kangaroo a matsayin alama ta dabba ta Ostiraliya ya tsallake kangaroo. A cikin 1975, wani bincike na Turai da Japan masu yawon bude ido da suka shiga nahiyar ya nuna cewa kashi 75% na baƙi za su so ganin koala da farko. Kudin shiga daga wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya tare da koalas an kiyasta dala biliyan 1. Hoton koala ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antar talla, ana nuna kasuwanci da tambura a duk duniya. Koalas haruffa ne a fina-finai da yawa, shirye-shiryen talabijin, majigin yara da wasannin kwamfuta.
15. Ostiraliya tana da sadaukarwa Sabis na Ceto Dabbobin Daji. Lokaci-lokaci, ma'aikatanta dole ne su taimaka wa dabbobin da suka shiga cikin haɗari ko yanayi na haɗari. A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin, 2018, ma'aikatan sabis suka yi tafiya zuwa SA Power Networks 'Maɓallin lantarki mai farin ciki a Kudancin Australia. Koala ya makale a cikin shingen aluminum, wanda a karkashinsa zai iya rarrafe cikin sauki. Masu ceto sun sami sauƙin sakin dabbar, wacce ta yi rawar jiki cikin nutsuwa. An bayyana wannan kwanciyar hankali kawai - wanda ba shi da sa'a ya riga ya yi ma'amala da mutane. A kan yatsansa akwai alamar da ke nuna cewa tuni an ceto koala din bayan wata mota ta buge ta.
