Marubucin ɗan Rasha Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky mutum ne mai ban mamaki. Wannan mutumin ya haɗu da baiwar adabi da babbar ilimin zamantakewar al'umma, sannan kuma ya iya raba ra'ayi na juyin juya halin dimokiradiyya.
A lokacin Daular Rasha, Nikolai Chernyshevsky an dauke shi mashahuri, amma arangama tsakanin sa da waɗanda ke kan mulki ya ƙare da gazawa a gare shi. Tuni lokacin USSR, aikin wannan mutumin ya sami haihuwa ta biyu, kuma litattafansa sunyi yawa a sikeli.
A cikin takaddun hukuma na wancan lokacin da kuma wasiƙar da ke tsakanin 'yan sanda na sirri da jandarma, an kira Chernyshevsky "maƙiyi na ɗaya daga cikin daular Rasha."
1. Uba Nikolai Chernyshevsky ya kasance malami daga dangin serfs.
2. Har zuwa shekara 14, Nikolai Gavrilovich ya sami ilimi a gida. Mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance mai ilimi sosai, yana cikin karatun sa.
3. Abokan aiki sun kira Chernyshevsky "mai cinye littafi" saboda ya karanta su da kyau, yana hadiye nauyi masu nauyi daya bayan daya. Kishinsa da kishinsa na ilimi ba komai ya kashe shi ba.
4. Kirkirar ra'ayoyin Chernyshevsky ya rinjayi tasirin da'irar I.I. Vvedensky.
5. Nikolai Gavrilovich da kansa ya ce ayyukan Hegel suma sun yi tasiri a kansa.
6. A karo na farko, Chernyshevsky ya yi wallafe-wallafe a cikin 1853 a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa na wancan lokacin.
7. A cikin 1858, marubucin ya ci taken girmamawa na Jagoran Adabin Rashanci.
8. Ayyukan adabi na wannan mutumin ya fara ne da "St. Petersburg Vedomosti" da "Notes of the Fatherland".
9. Daga 1861, 'yan sanda sun fara sanya ido kan Nikolai Gavrilovich saboda alaƙar sa da ƙungiyar juyin juya halin asiri.
10. An gudanar da ayyukan binciken Chernyshevsky tsawon watanni 18. Don tabbatar da laifin marubucin, hukumar sai ta yi amfani da hanyoyin da suka saba wa doka - shaidar shaidun karya, takardun karya, da sauransu.
11. Chernyshevsky ya kwashe kimanin shekaru 20 a kurkuku, cikin gudun hijira da kuma cikin tsananin aiki gaba ɗaya.
12. A cikin kwanaki 678 da Chernyshevsky ya shafe a tsare, ya rubuta rubutu a cikin adadin takardun marubutan da bai gaza 200 ba.
13. Jami'in ya karɓi ruble 50 a azurfa don samin rubutun da aka samo na almara "Me za a yi?", Wanne Nikolai Chernyshevsky ya ɓace a cikin motarsa a kan Liteiny Prospekt.
14. Nikolai Gavrilovich ya ɗauki wasu al'amuran daga ayyukan marubucin Faransa Georges Sand.
15. Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky ya iya fassara juzu'i 12 cikin 15 na littafin "General History" na G. Weber a cikin Rashanci, yayin da kuma yake kokarin neman abin yi.
16. Ba tare da komai ba, Chernyshevsky ya ƙaunaci matarsa sosai. Yayin da yake gudun hijira, bai daina faranta mata rai ba. Don haka, sassaka ɗan kuɗi kaɗan daga ɗan ƙaramin abincinsa, Nikolai Gavrilovich ya sami damar adana kuɗi kuma ya saya mata gashin kwari.
17. Yayin da yake aiki a Sovremennik, wannan marubucin a cikin 1855 ya iya kare rubutun a kan taken: "Kyawawan alaƙar fasaha da gaskiya." A ciki, ya ƙaryata ƙa'idodin "fasaha mai tsabta" kuma ya tsara sabon ra'ayi - "kyakkyawa ita ce rayuwa kanta."
18. Dangin marubuci bai yarda da matarsa ba, kuma a garinsu ana yawan yin gulma da tsegumi game da rayuwar ma'aurata.
19. Daga gudun hijira, Nikolai ya aika wasika 300 ga matarsa, amma daga baya ya daina rubuta mata baki daya, saboda ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a manta da Vasilyev da wuri-wuri.
20. Ivan Fedorovich Savitsky, wanda ya kasance mai neman sauƙin karkashin ƙasa, yakan ziyarci gidan Chernyshevskys a kai a kai. Sau da yawa yakan je wurinsu ba kawai don kasuwanci ba, har ma don ƙaunatacciyar soyayya. Matar Chernyshevsky ta kasance mai fara'a ga Savitsky daga farko, kuma bayan wani lokaci soyayya ta shiga tsakaninsu.
21. Nikolai Chernyshevsky ya yi amannar cewa ya kamata iyali su sami daidaito a cikin aiki da haƙƙin mata. Wannan matsayin ya zama mai ƙarfin gaske ga waɗannan lokutan. Nikolai Gavrilovich ya ba wa matarsa cikakkiyar 'yanci ta aiki, har zuwa cin amana, yana mai cewa ita da kanta ya kamata ta zubar da nata jikin yadda take so.
22. Oneaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tarihi ga Chernyshevsky shine wanda mai sassaka V.V. ya kirkira. Lishev An buɗe abin tunawa a Leningrad akan Moskovsky Prospekt a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1947.
23. Nikolai Chernyshevsky a cikin rawar wani mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi da kuma marubuta an ambace shi a cikin maganganun F. Engels, K. Marx, A. Bebel, H. Botev da sauran masu tarihin.
24. Marubucin ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1989 saboda zubar jini na kwakwalwa.
25. Yawancin maganganunsa masu hikima daga ƙarshe sun zama marasa amfani. Waɗannan su ne kamar: "Duk wani abu mai kyau yana da amfani, duk abin da yake mugu yana da lahani", "Mugayen hanyoyi sun dace da mummunar manufa kawai, kuma masu kyau ne kawai suka dace da kyakkyawa," "ofarfin mutum dalili ne, rashin kulawa da shi yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi."
