Diogenes

Diogenes na Sinop - Wani malamin falsafa na Girka, dalibi na Antisthenes, wanda ya kafa makarantar Cynic. Diogenes ne suka rayu a cikin ganga kuma, suna tafiya da rana tare da fitila, suna neman "mutum mai gaskiya." A matsayinsa na mai yawan zagi, ya rena dukkan al'adu da al'adu, sannan kuma ya raina kowane irin kayan alatu.

Tarihin Diogenes ya cika da aphorisms da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa daga rayuwa.

Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Diogenes.

Tarihin Diogenes

An haifi Diogenes a wajajen 412 BC. a cikin garin Sinop. Masana tarihi basu san komai game da yarintarsa da ƙuruciyarsa ba.

Abin da muka sani game da tarihin rayuwar mai tunani ya yi daidai da wani babi na littafin "A kan rayuwa, koyarwa da maganganun mashahuran masana falsafa", wanda mai suna Diogenes Laertius ya wallafa.

Diogenes na Sinope ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin mai canjin kudi da cinikin bashi mai suna Hickesius. A tsawon lokaci, an kame shugaban gidan saboda jabun kuɗi.

Abin mamaki ne cewa suma suna son sanya Diogenes a cikin gidan yari, amma saurayin ya sami damar tserewa daga Sinop. Bayan kwanaki masu yawa na yawo, ya ƙare zuwa Delphi.

A can ne Diogenes ya tambayi baka abin da za a yi a gaba da abin da za a yi. Amsar oracle, kamar yadda aka saba koyaushe, abu ne da yake a bayyane kuma ya yi sauti kamar haka: "Shiga cikin sake duba kimar."

Koyaya, a wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Diogenes bai kula da shawarar da aka ba shi ba, yana ci gaba da tafiya.

Falsafar Diogenes

A lokacin da yake yawo, Diogenes ya isa Atina, inda ya ji jawabin falsafa Antisthenes a babban dandalin garin. Abin da Antisthenes ya fada ya ba da mamaki ga mutumin.

A sakamakon haka, Diogenes ya yanke shawarar zama mai bin koyarwar falsafar Athen.

Tun da ba shi da kuɗi, ba zai iya yin hayar daki ba, balle ya sayi gida. Bayan ɗan tattaunawa, Diogenes ya ɗauki tsauraran matakai.

Mai koyan aikin ya yi gidansa a cikin babban ganga mai yumbu, wanda ya tono a kusa da dandalin garin. Wannan shine ya haifar da kalmar "Diogenes ganga".

Yana da kyau a lura cewa Antisthenes ya yi matukar damuwa da kasancewar baƙon abin haushi. Da zarar ma ya doke shi da sanda don ya bar shi, amma wannan bai taimaka ba.

Sannan Antisthenes bai ma iya tunanin cewa Diogenes ne zai zama mafi kyawun wakilin makarantar Cynic ba.

Falsafar Diogenes ta ginu ne akan zuhudu. Ya kasance baƙon ga duk wani fa'idodi wanda mutanen da ke kusa da shi suke ɗoki.

Masanin ya ja hankali zuwa haɗin kai tare da yanayi, yana watsi da dokoki, jami'ai da shugabannin addinai. Ya kira kansa ɗan ƙasa - ɗan ƙasa na duniya.

Bayan mutuwar Antisthenes, halayen Atinawa game da Diogenes ya kara lalacewa kuma akwai dalilai na hakan. Mutanen garin sun dauka mahaukaci ne.

Diogenes na iya yin al'aura a cikin wurin taron jama'a, su tsaya tsirara a cikin wanka kuma suyi wasu ayyukan da basu dace ba.

Koyaya, kowace rana shahararren mahaukacin masanin falsafa yana ta ƙaruwa. A sakamakon haka, Alexander the Great da kansa ya so ya yi magana da shi.

Plutarch ya ce Alexander ya daɗe yana jiran Diogenes da kansa ya zo wurinsa don ya nuna girmamawarsa, amma ya kwantar da hankalinsa a gida. Sannan an tilasta wa kwamandan ya ziyarci mai ilimin falsafar da kansa.

Alexander the Great ya sami Diogenes yana rawar ƙasa da rana. Kusa da shi, ya ce:

- Nine babban Tsar Alexander!

- Kuma Ni, - na amsa wa mai hikima, - kare Diogenes. Duk wanda ya jefa yanki - Na yi wasa, wanda bai yi - na yi haushi, duk wanda ya kasance mugu - na ciji.

“Shin kana jin tsoro na?” Alexander ya tambaya.

- Kuma menene ku, mai kyau ko mugunta? Falsafa ya tambaya.

"Yayi kyau," in ji shi.

- Kuma wa ke tsoron alkhairi? - kammala Diogenes.

Irin waɗannan amsoshin sun firgita shi, daga baya ana zargin babban kwamandan ya faɗi haka:

"Idan ban kasance Alexander ba, zan so in zama Diogenes."

Falsafa ya sha shiga muhawara mai zafi tare da Plato. Koyaya, ya kuma yi karo da wasu mashahuran masu tunani, gami da Anaximenes na Lampsax da Aristippus.

Da zarar mutanen gari sun ga Diogenes da rana yana tafiya a cikin filin gari da fitila a hannunsa. A lokaci guda, "mahaukacin" masanin falsafar lokaci-lokaci yana ihu da kalmar: "Ina neman mutum."

Ta wannan hanyar, mutumin ya nuna halinsa ga jama'a. Sau da yawa ya soki mutanen Atina, yana bayyana ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da su.

Da zarar, lokacin da Diogenes ya fara raba zurfin tunani tare da masu wucewa-daidai kan kasuwa, ba wanda ya kula da jawabinsa. Sannan ya yi kuwwa sosai kamar tsuntsu, bayan haka mutane da yawa nan da nan suka taru a kusa da shi.

Mai hikimar ya ce cikin damuwa: "Wannan shi ne matakin ci gaban ku, bayan duk lokacin da na fadi maganganu masu hikima, sai su yi biris da ni, amma lokacin da na yi kuka kamar zakara, kowa ya fara saurare na da sha'awa."

A jajibirin yaƙi tsakanin Helenawa da sarkin Makidoniya Philip 2, Diogenes ya tashi zuwa gabar tekun Aegina. Koyaya, yayin tafiyar, 'yan fashin teku sun kame jirgin wadanda ko dai suka kashe fasinjojin ko kuma suka kama su fursuna.

Bayan ya zama fursuna, ba da daɗewa ba aka sayar da Diogenes ga Corinan Xeanides. Mamallakin malamin falsafar ya hore shi da ya ilmantar da 'ya' yansa. Ya kamata a yarda cewa masanin falsafar malami ne mai kyau.

Diogenes ba kawai ya raba iliminsa ga yara ba, har ma ya koya musu hawa da jifa. Kari kan haka, ya cusa musu kauna ta motsa jiki.

Mabiya koyarwar Diogenes, sun ba da masaniyar don fanshe shi daga bautar, amma ya ƙi. Ya bayyana cewa ko da a wannan yanayin ne zai iya kasancewa - "ubangidan ubangidansa."

Rayuwar mutum

Diogenes yana da mummunan ra'ayi game da rayuwar iyali da gwamnati. A bainar jama'a ya ce yara da matan na kowa ne, kuma babu wata iyaka tsakanin kasashe.

A lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa, Diogenes ya rubuta ayyukan falsafa 14 da bala'i da yawa.