Lev Sergeevich Termen - Kirkirar Soviet, injiniyan lantarki da makadi. Mahaliccin wannan abin - kayan kiɗa na lantarki.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Lev Termen, wanda za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin Lev Termen.
Tarihin rayuwar Lev Termen
An haifi Lev Theremin a ranar 15 ga Agusta (28), 1896 a St. Petersburg. Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan shahararren lauya Sergei Emilievich da matarsa Evgenia Antonovna.
Iyalin Theremin sun kasance daga dangi masu martaba tare da asalin Faransa.
Yara da samari
Tun suna yara, iyaye sun yi ƙoƙari su koya wa Leo ƙaunar kiɗa da ilimomi iri-iri. A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, yaron yana karatun wasa da cello.
Abin birgewa ne cewa akwai dakin binciken kimiyyar lissafi a cikin gidan Theremin, kuma bayan wani lokaci ɗan ƙaramin kallo ya bayyana a cikin gidan.
Bayan lokaci, Lev ya fara karatu a makarantar motsa jiki ta maza, inda ya sami manyan maki a duk fannoni. Tuni a makarantar firamare, ya nuna matukar sha'awar ilimin lissafi. A matsayinshi na dalibi na aji 4, a sauƙaƙe ya nuna "rawanin kamannin Tesla."
Yana dan shekara 18, Lev Theremin ya kammala karatun sakandare da lambar azurfa.
A cikin 1916, saurayin ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Kwalejin St. Petersburg, ajin cello. A lokaci guda, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Petrograd a Sashin Kimiyyar lissafi da Lissafi.
A shekara ta biyu ta karatu a jami'a, an kira Lev zuwa sabis. Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na 1917 ya same shi a cikin matsayin ƙaramin jami'i na ƙungiyar bataliyar tsaro.
Bayan juyin juya halin, an sanya Termen zuwa dakin binciken rediyo na sojan Moscow.
Ayyukan kimiyya
Tun yana ɗan shekara 23, Lev ya ɗauki matsayin shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Fasaha a cikin Petrograd. Ya tsunduma cikin auna karfin wutar lantarki a matsi daban-daban da yanayin zafi.
A cikin 1920, wani lamari mai mahimmanci ya faru a cikin tarihin Lev Termen, wanda a nan gaba zai kawo masa girma. Matashin mai kirkirar ya tsara Thereminvox, kayan kida na lantarki.
Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, an gabatar da abubuwan da sauran abubuwan kirkirar na Lev Sergeevich a wani baje koli a cikin Kremlin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce lokacin da Lenin ya saba da ka'idar aikin kayan aiki, ya yi kokarin kunna "Skylark" na Glinka a kai.
Lev Theremin shine marubucin na'urori da yawa, gami da tsarin atomatik daban-daban, ƙararrawa da tsarin talabijin - "Far Vision".
A cikin 1927 an gayyaci masanin kimiyyar Rasha zuwa baje kolin kade-kade na kasa da kasa a Jamus. Nasarorinsa sun ba da sha'awa sosai kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya ba shi daraja a duniya.
Bayan haka Termin ya kasance tare da gayyatar aiwatarwa a biranen Turai da yawa. Ana kiran wurin da "waƙar igiyar ruwa ta ruwa", wanda ya shafi kowane yanki na sarari.
Kayan aikin ya baiwa masu sauraro mamaki da tambarinsa, wanda a lokaci guda yayi kama da iska, kirtani har ma da sautunan mutane.
Lokacin Amurka
A cikin 1928 Lev Theremin ya tafi Amurka, inda ba da daɗewa ba ya karɓi takaddama don abin da kuma tsarin marubuta na tsaro. Ya sayar da haƙƙin kayan aikin wutar lantarki ga RCA.
Daga baya, mai kirkirar ya kafa kamfanonin Teletouch da Theremin Studio, suna yin hayar wani gida mai hawa 6 da ke New York. Wannan ya ba da izinin ƙirƙirar ofisoshin kasuwancin Soviet a cikin Amurka, inda jami'an leken asirin Rasha za su iya aiki.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1931-1938. Hakanan ya kirkiro tsarin kararrawa na gidan wakafi na Sing Sing da Alcatraz.
Sanannen ɗan baiwa na Rasha ya bazu ko'ina cikin Amurka. Yawancin mashahurai sun yi ɗokin sanin shi, gami da Charlie Chaplin da Albert Einstein. Bugu da kari, ya kasance yana da kusanci da hamshakin mai kudi John Rockefeller da Shugaban Amurka na gaba Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Danniya da aiki ga KGB
A cikin 1938 Lev Termen an sake kiranta zuwa USSR. Kasa da shekara guda daga baya, aka kama shi kuma aka tilasta masa ya furta cewa yana da hannu a kisan Sergei Kirov.
A sakamakon haka, an yanke wa Termen hukuncin shekara 8 a sansanoni a cikin ma'adinan zinariya. Da farko, ya yi aiki a Magadan, yana yin aikin mai kula da gine-gine.
Ba da daɗewa ba, tunanin da ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyi na Lev Sergeevich ya ja hankalin masu kula da sansanin, waɗanda suka yanke shawarar tura fursunan zuwa ofishin tsara zanen Tupolev TsKB-29.
Theremin yayi aiki a nan kimanin shekaru 8. Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne cewa mataimakinsa shi ne Sergei Korolev da kansa, wanda a nan gaba zai zama sanannen mai ƙirƙirar fasahar sararin samaniya.
A wancan lokacin, tarihin Theremin da Korolev suna aiki akan haɓaka jiragen sama masu sarrafa rediyo.
Lev Sergeevich shine marubucin sabon tsarin sauraren sauti "Buran", wanda ke karanta bayanai ta hanyar hasken infrared na vibration na gilashi a cikin tagogin dakin sauraro.
Bugu da kari, masanin kimiyya ya kirkiro wani tsarin sauraren sauti - Zlatoust endovibrator. Bai buƙaci iko ba, tunda yana dogara ne akan ƙimar ƙarfin-ƙarfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce "Zlatoust" ya sami nasarar aiki a majalisar ministocin Amurka na tsawon shekaru 7. An saka na'urar a cikin wani katako wanda aka rataye a ɗayan bangon ofishin jakadancin.
An gano endovirator ne kawai a cikin 1952, yayin da Amurkawa ba su iya gano yadda yake aiki har tsawon shekaru da yawa ba.
A cikin 1947, an gyara injiniyan, amma ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin ayyukan rufewa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin NKVD.
Arin shekaru
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1964-1967. Lev Termen yayi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Conservatory na Moscow, yana ƙirƙirar sabbin kayan aikin wutar lantarki.
Da zarar, Ba'amurke mai sukar Harold Schonberg, wanda ya zo gidan kula, ya ga Theremin a wurin.
Bayan isowarsa Amurka, mai sukar ya gaya wa manema labarai game da wata ganawa da wani mai kirkirar Rasha wanda ke da matsayi mara kyau. Ba da daɗewa ba wannan labarin ya bayyana a shafukan The New York Times, wanda ya haifar da guguwar fushi tsakanin shugabannin Soviet.
A sakamakon haka, aka rufe situdiyon masanin, kuma aka lalata duk kayan aikinsa da gatari.
Dangane da babban ƙoƙari, Theremin ya sami damar samun aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow. A can ya gabatar da laccoci, sannan kuma ya nuna wasansa ga masu sauraro.
A wannan lokacin, Lev Sergeevich ya ci gaba da gudanar da binciken kimiyya a asirce.
A watan Maris na 1991, masanin kimiyya mai shekaru 95 ya ba da sanarwar sha'awar shiga CPSU. Ya bayyana wannan da kalma mai zuwa: "Na yi wa Lenin alkawari."
A shekara mai zuwa, wasu gungun masu kutse sun lalata dakin gwaje-gwaje na Theremin, suka lalata duk kayan aikinsa kuma suka saci ɓangarorin alamun. Yana da kyau a lura cewa 'yan sanda ba su taba gano masu laifin ba.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta Theremin yarinya ce mai suna Ekaterina Konstantinovna. A wannan auren, ma'auratan ba su da yara.
Bayan haka, Lev Sergeevich ya auri Lavinia Williams, wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai rawa a rawar ballan Negro. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ba a haifi ɗa ko ɗaya ba.
Mata ta uku ta mai kirkirar ita ce Maria Gushchina, wacce ta haifi mijinta 2 'yan mata - Natalia da Elena.
Mutuwa
Lev Sergeevich Termen ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1993 yana da shekara 97. Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, ya kasance mai kuzari har ma ya yi ba'a cewa ba ya mutuwa.
Don tabbatar da wannan, masanin ya ba da shawarar karanta sunan mahaifinsa ta wata hanyar: "Theremin - ba ya mutuwa."
Hotuna ta Lev Termen
