Kurt Friedrich Gödel (1906-1978) - Austrian logician, lissafi kuma falsafar lissafi. Ya zama sananne sosai bayan ya tabbatar da rashin cikakkiyar ka'idoji, wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga ra'ayin kafuwar lissafi. Ya kasance ɗayan manyan masanan na ƙarni na 20.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Gödel, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa game da Kurt Gödel.
Tarihin rayuwar Gödel
An haifi Kurt Gödel a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1906 a garin Brunn na Austro-Hungary (yanzu Brno, Czech Republic). Ya girma a cikin dangin shugaban masana'antar saka, Rudolf Gödel. Yana da wani ɗan’uwa wanda sunan mahaifinsa.
Yara da samari
Tun yana ƙarami, Gödel ya bambanta da kunya, keɓewa, hypochondria da yawan zargi. Ya sha cusa wa kansa camfe-camfe iri-iri, daga cikinsu kuma ya sha wahala har zuwa ƙarshen zamaninsa.
Misali, koda a cikin yanayi mai zafi, Kurt ya ci gaba da sanya dumi da atamfa, saboda ba shi da tushe ya yi imanin cewa yana da raunin zuciya.
A makaranta, Gödel ya nuna ƙwarewar iya koyan harsuna. Baya ga Jamusawa na asali, ya sami damar iya Turanci da Faransanci.
Bayan karbar takardar shaidar, Kurt ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Vienna. Anan ya karanci kimiyyar lissafi tsawon shekara 2, daga nan ya koma lissafi.
Tun daga 1926, mutumin ya kasance memba na Vienna Philosophical Circle of Neopositivists, inda ya nuna babbar sha'awar ilimin lissafi da ka'idar hujja. Shekaru 4 bayan haka, ya kare littafin nasa a kan taken "Akan cikar lissafi mai ma'ana", ya fara koyarwa a jami'ar gidansa.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A farkon karnin da ya gabata, masanin kimiyya David Hilbert ya tashi haikan wajen daidaita ilimin lissafi. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya tabbatar da daidaito da cikakkiyar ma'anar lissafin lambobin ƙasa.
A ƙarshen 1930, an shirya babban taro a Konigsberg, wanda ya sami halartar mashahuran masana lissafi. A can, Kurt Gödel ya gabatar da ka'idoji 2 na rashin cikakke wanda ya nuna cewa ra'ayin Hilbert ya lalace.
A cikin jawabin nasa, Kurt ya ce ga kowane zaɓi na axioms na lissafi, akwai ka'idojin da ba za a iya tabbatar ko musanta su ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi da Hilbert ya bayar ba, kuma tabbaci mai sauƙi na daidaito na lissafi ba zai yiwu ba.
Hujjojin Gödel ya zama abin birgewa, sakamakon haka ya sami karbuwa a duniya cikin dare ɗaya. Bayan wannan, ra'ayoyin David Hilbert, wanda shima ya fahimci cancantar Kurt, an sake duba shi.
Gödel ya kasance masani ne kuma masanin falsafar kimiyya. A cikin 1931 ya tsara kuma ya tabbatar da rashin cikakkun ka'idojin.
Bayan fewan shekaru kaɗan, Kurt ya sami babban sakamako mai alaƙa da tunanin Cantor. Ya yi nasara wajen tabbatar da cewa ƙin yarda da ci gaba da ci gaba ba shi da tabbaci a cikin daidaitattun ka'idojin tsarin ka'idar. Kari akan haka, ya bayar da gagarumar gudummawa wajen ci gaban ilimin kimiya da tsarin ka'idoji.
A cikin 1940, masanin ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka, inda ya sami sauƙi a cikin Cibiyar Princeton ta Nazarin Ingantawa. Bayan shekara 13, ya zama farfesa.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar, Kurt Gödel ya riga ya sami fasfo na Amurka. Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne yayin hirar, ya yi kokarin tabbatar da hankali cewa kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka ba shi da tabbacin cewa ba za a ba da izinin kama-karya ba, amma nan da nan aka dakatar da shi cikin dabara.
Gödel shine marubucin ayyukan da yawa akan ilimin lissafi daban-daban da ilimin lissafi. Ya wallafa takarda game da dangantakar gaba daya, inda ya gabatar da wata hanya don warware lissafin Einstein.
Kurt ya ba da shawarar cewa tafiyar lokaci a cikin sararin samaniya na iya zama madaidaiciya (ma'aunin Gödel), wanda a ka'ida ba ya ware yiwuwar tafiya lokaci.
Kurt ya tattauna da Einstein har tsawon rayuwarsa. Masana kimiyya sunyi magana na dogon lokaci game da kimiyyar lissafi, siyasa da falsafa. Yawancin ayyukan Gödel akan ka'idar dangantakar sakamakon sakamakon tattaunawar ne.
Shekaru 12 bayan mutuwar Gödel, an buga tarin littattafan da ba a buga ba. Ya tayar da tambayoyin falsafa, tarihi, kimiyya da tiyoloji.
Rayuwar mutum
A jajibirin yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945), an bar Kurt Gödel ba tare da aiki ba, saboda saboda hade Austria da Jamus, jami’ar ta sami manyan sauye-sauye.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka kira ɗan masanin mai shekaru 32 don aiki, sakamakon haka ya yanke shawarar ƙaura cikin gaggawa.
A wancan lokacin, Kurt yana soyayya da wani mai rawa mai suna Adele Porkert, wanda ya aura a shekarar 1938. Babu yara a cikin wannan auren.
Ko da kafin bikin, Gödel ya sha wahala daga matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa. Sau da yawa yakan damu da wani abu mara dalili, ya nuna mummunan zato, kuma ya sha wahala daga raunin damuwa.
Kurt Gödel ya damu game da guba. Adele ya taimaka masa ya jimre da matsalolin halayyar mutum. Ta kwantar da lissafi da cokali ta bashi lokacin da yake kwance a gajiye a gadon sa.
Bayan ya koma Amurka, Gödel ya kasance cikin damuwa da tunanin cewa zai iya cutar da shi ta iskar ƙona asirin. A sakamakon haka, ya rabu da firiji da radiator. Damuwar sa da iska mai kyau da damuwa game da firinji ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwarsa.
Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa
Shekaru da yawa kafin mutuwarsa, yanayin Gödel ya ƙara ta'azzara. Ya sha wahala daga mafarki kuma ya kasance ba amintuwa da likitoci da abokan aiki.
A cikin 1976, rashin lafiyar Gödel ya ta'azzara sosai har ya fara adawa da matarsa kuma. Yana shan magani lokaci-lokaci a asibitoci, amma wannan bai ba da sakamako mai kyau ba.
A wannan lokacin, lafiyar Adele ma ta tabarbare, wanda a dalilin haka aka kwantar da ita a asibiti. Kurt ya gaji da tunani da jiki. Shekara guda kafin rasuwarsa, ya auna ƙasa da kilogiram 30.
Kurt Gödel ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1978 a Princeton yana da shekara 71. Mutuwar tasa ta samo asali ne daga "rashin abinci mai gina jiki da gajiya" wanda ya haifar da "rikicewar hali."
Hotunan Gödel
