Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (1900-1945) - ɗayan manyan jigogi na Reich na Uku, Jam'iyyar Nazi da Reichsfuehrer SS. Ya shiga cikin laifuffukan Nazi da yawa, kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu shirya kisan Holocaust. Kai tsaye ya shafi dukkan 'yan sanda na ciki da na ciki da kuma jami'an tsaro, gami da Gestapo.
A tsawon rayuwarsa, Himmler ya kasance da son sihiri kuma ya yada manufofin nuna wariyar launin fata na Nazis. Ya gabatar da ayyukan esoteric cikin rayuwar yau da kullun ta sojojin SS.
Himmler ne ya kafa ƙungiyoyin mutuwa, waɗanda suka aiwatar da kisan gilla na fararen hula. Wanda ke da alhakin kirkirar sansanonin maida hankali inda aka kashe miliyoyin mutane.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Himmler, wanda zamu gaya game da shi a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Heinrich Himmler.
Tarihin rayuwar Himmler
An haifi Heinrich Himmler a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1900 a Munich. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangin sauki na Katolika masu himma.
Mahaifinsa, Joseph Gebhard, malami ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Anna Maria tana da hannu wajen renon yara da gudanar da gida. Baya ga Heinrich, an haifi wasu yara maza biyu a cikin dangin Himmler - Gebhard da Ernst.
Yara da samari
Yayinda yake yaro, Henry bashi da cikakkiyar lafiya, yana fama da ciwon ciki da sauran cututtuka. A ƙuruciyarsa, ya keɓe lokaci kowace rana don wasan motsa jiki ya zama mai ƙarfi.
Lokacin da Himmler ya kusan kai shekara 10, ya fara yin littafin rubutu wanda yake tattaunawa akan addini, siyasa da kuma jima'i. A cikin 1915 ya zama ɗan makarantar Landshut. Bayan shekaru 2, an saka shi a cikin bataliyar ta ajiye.
Lokacin da Heinrich ke ci gaba da atisaye, Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918) ya ƙare, inda aka kayar da Jamus gaba ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, bai sami lokacin shiga yaƙe-yaƙe ba.
A karshen shekarar 1918, mutumin ya dawo gida, inda bayan 'yan watanni ya shiga kwaleji a fannin aikin gona. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce yana da sha'awar aikin gona har ma a cikin matsayin Reichsfuehrer, yana ba da umarnin fursunoni su yi tsire-tsire masu magani.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa, Heinrich Himmler har yanzu yana ɗaukar kansa ɗan Katolika, amma a lokaci guda yana jin ƙyamar Yahudawa. Sannan a cikin Jamusawa, kin jinin yahudawa yana ci gaba da yaduwa sosai, wanda ba zai iya farin ciki da Nazi na gaba ba.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa Himmler yana da abokai da yawa na asalin yahudawa, waɗanda yake tare da su da ladabi da ladabi. A wancan lokacin, Heinrich ya yi gwagwarmaya don gina aikin soja. Lokacin da kokarin nasa bai yi nasara ba, sai ya fara neman abota da fitattun shugabannin sojoji.
Mutumin ya sami damar sanin Ernst Rem, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa rundunar Storm Troops (SA). Himmler ya yi kallo tare da girmamawa ga Rem, wanda ya shiga cikin yaƙin duka, kuma bisa ga shawarar da ya bayar ya shiga ƙungiyar adawa da Yahudawa "Society of the Imperial Banner".
Ayyukan siyasa
A tsakiyar 1923, Heinrich ya shiga NSDAP, bayan haka ya shiga cikin sanannen Beer Putsch, lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da juyin mulki. A lokacin da yake ba da tarihin rayuwarsa, ya dukufa ya zama dan siyasa, don neman inganta yanayin lamura a kasar ta Jamus.
Koyaya, rashin nasarar Beer Putsch bai ba Himmler damar cimma nasara ba a kan Olympus na siyasa, sakamakon abin da ya sa ya koma gida wurin iyayensa. Bayan jerin gazawa, ya zama mai firgita, mai tashin hankali da keɓe kansa.
A ƙarshen 1923, Henry ya bar addinin Katolika, bayan haka ya zurfafa nazarin sihiri. Ya kuma kasance yana da sha'awar tatsuniyoyin Jamusawa da akidun Nazi.
Bayan da aka kulle Adolf Hitler, shi, yana amfani da dambarwar da ta taso, ya kasance yana kusa da daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa NSDAP, Gregor Strasser, wanda ya sanya shi sakataren farfaganda.
A sakamakon haka, Himmler bai kunyatar da shugaban nasa ba. Ya yi tafiya a duk Bavaria, inda ya nemi Jamusawa su shiga cikin Naziungiyar Nazi. Yayin da yake zagayawa cikin kasar, ya lura da halin kunci da mutane ke ciki, musamman manoma. Koyaya, mutumin ya tabbata cewa yahudawa kawai ke da alhakin barnar.
Heinrich Himmler ya gudanar da cikakken bincike game da girman yawan yahudawa, Freemason da makiya siyasa na Nazi. A lokacin bazara na 1925 ya shiga Partyungiyar Ma'aikatan Jamusawa ta Socialasashen gurguzu, wanda Hitler ya sake ƙirƙira shi.
Bayan 'yan shekaru, Himmler ya shawarci Hitler da ya kafa ƙungiyar SS, wanda a ciki za a sami tsarkakakkun Aryans. Godiya da baiwa da burin Heinrich, shugaban jam'iyyar ya sanya shi Mataimakin Reichsfuehrer SS a farkon 1929.
Shugaban SS
Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan Himmler ya hau mulki, adadin mayaƙan SS ya ƙaru da kusan sau 10. Lokacin da ƙungiyar Nazi ta sami 'yanci daga theungiyar Storm, ya yanke shawarar gabatar da rigar baƙi maimakon ta launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin 1931, Heinrich ya ba da sanarwar ƙirƙirar sabis na sirri - SD, wanda Heydrich ke jagoranta. Yawancin Jamusawa da yawa sun yi fatan shiga cikin SS, amma saboda wannan dole ne su cika ƙa'idodin launin fata kuma su mallaki "halayen Nordic."
Bayan wasu shekaru, Hitler ya daga darajar shugaban SS zuwa matsayin Obergruppenführer. Hakanan, Fuehrer ya yi daidai da ra'ayin Himmler na ƙirƙirar Rukuni na Musamman (daga baya "Sabis ɗin Tsaro na Imperial").
Heinrich ya tattara babban iko, sakamakon haka ya zama ɗayan mafiya tasiri a cikin Jamus. A cikin 1933 ya gina sansanin taro na farko, Dachau, inda da farko kawai aka tura makiya na Nazi na Nazi.
A tsawon lokaci, masu aikata laifi, mutanen da ba su da gida da kuma wakilan 'yan ƙasan "sun fara zama a Dachau. A kan himmar Himmler, munanan gwaje-gwaje akan mutane sun fara anan, wanda dubun fursunoni suka mutu.
A cikin bazarar 1934, Goering ya nada Himmler ya shugabanci Gestapo, 'yan sanda na sirri. Heinrich ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen "Night of Long Knives" - mummunan kisan gillar da aka yiwa Adolf Hitler akan sojojin SA, wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1934. Yana da kyau a lura cewa Himmler ne ya yi shaidar zur game da yawan laifuffuka na masu guguwa.
'Yan Nazi sunyi hakan ne don kawar da duk wasu masu fafatawa da zasu iya samun karin karfi a cikin kasar. A lokacin bazara na 1936, Fuehrer ya nada Heinrich babban shugaban duk ayyukan 'yan sanda na Jamusawa, abin da yake so da gaske.
Yahudawa da aikin Gemini
A cikin Mayu 1940, Himmler ya tsara wasu dokoki - "Kula da sauran al'ummomin Gabas", wanda ya gabatar wa Hitler don la'akari da shi. Ta fuskoki da yawa, tare da sallamawarsa, ya zuwa yahudawa 300,000, Gypsies da kwaminisanci sun cika shekara mai zuwa.
Kashe-kashen 'yan ƙasa marasa laifi ya kasance mai girma da rashin mutuntaka cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ma'aikatan Henry ba za ta iya jurewa ba.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne lokacin da aka kira Himmler ya dakatar da kisan gillar fursunoni, ya ce wannan umarni ne na Fuhrer kuma cewa yahudawa masu daukar akidar gurguzu ne. Bayan wannan, ya ce duk wanda ke son yin watsi da irin wannan tsarkin zai iya kasancewa a wurin wadanda abin ya shafa.
A lokacin, Heinrich Himmler ya gina kusan sansanonin tattara mutane goma sha biyu, inda ake kashe dubban mutane kowace rana. Lokacin da sojojin Jamusawa suka mamaye ƙasashe daban-daban, Einsatzgruppen ya kutsa cikin ƙasashen da aka mamaye tare da hallaka yahudawa da sauran "human Adam".
A lokacin 1941-1942. kimanin fursunonin Soviet miliyan 2.8 suka mutu a sansanin. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939-1945), har zuwa kusan 'yan asalin Soviet miliyan 3.3 sun zama waɗanda ke fama da sansanonin taro, yawancinsu sun mutu ne daga hukuncin kisa da kasancewa cikin ɗakunan gas.
Baya ga halakar mutane gabadaya daga mulkin mallaka na uku, Himmler ya ci gaba da aikin gwajin likitoci kan fursunoni. Ya jagoranci aikin Gemini, yayin da likitocin Nazi suka gwada magunguna kan fursunoni.
Masana na zamani sunyi imanin cewa Nazis sun nemi ƙirƙirar babban mutum. Wadanda abin ya shafa a galibi yara ne wadanda ko dai suka mutu mutuwar shahada ko kuma suka kasance masu nakasa har tsawon rayuwarsu.
Ungiyar haɗin Gemini ita ce Ahnenerbe Project (1935-1945), ƙungiya ce da aka kafa don nazarin al'adu, tarihi da al'adun Jamusawa.
Ma'aikatanta sun zagaya duniya, suna ƙoƙarin gano kayayyakin tarihi na tsohuwar ikon tseren Jamusawa. An ba da kuɗin kuɗi don wannan aikin, wanda ya ba mambobinta damar samun duk abin da suke buƙata don binciken su.
A ƙarshen yaƙin, Heinrich Himmler ya yunƙura don kammala raba zaman lafiya tare da abokan hamayyarsa, ya fahimci cewa Jamus ta ƙare da gazawa. Duk da haka, bai sami wata nasara ba a cikin ƙoƙarin nasa.
A ƙarshen Afrilu 1945, Fuhrer ya kira shi maci amana kuma ya umurce shi da ya nemo Heinrich ya hallaka shi. Koyaya, a wancan lokacin, shugaban SS ya riga ya bar yankin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Jamusawa.
Rayuwar mutum
Himmler ya auri likita Margaret von Boden, wanda ke da shekaru 7 da haihuwa. Tun da yarinyar 'yar Furotesta ce, iyayen Henry suna adawa da wannan auren.
Koyaya, a lokacin rani na 1928, samarin sun yi aure. A cikin wannan auren, an haifi Gudrun yarinya (Gudrun ta mutu a cikin 2018 kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin ta tana goyon bayan mahaifinta da ra'ayoyin Nazi. Ta ba da taimako daban-daban ga tsoffin sojojin SS kuma ta halarci tarukan neo-Nazi).
Hakanan, Heinrich da Margaret suna da ɗa da aka ɗauka wanda ya yi aiki a cikin SS kuma ya kasance cikin bautar Soviet. Lokacin da aka sake shi, ya yi aikin jarida, ya mutu ba shi da ɗa.
A farkon yaƙin, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ma'aurata ta fara yin sanyi, a sakamakon hakan sun fi nuna miji da mata mai ƙauna, maimakon da gaske. Ba da daɗewa ba Himmler ya sami wata mace a cikin sakatariyar sa mai suna Hedwig Potthast.
A sakamakon wannan dangantakar, shugaban SS din yana da yara shege biyu - yaro Helge, da yarinya Nanette Dorothea.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Himmler koyaushe yana ɗaukar Bhagavad Gita tare da shi - ɗayan littattafai masu tsarki a cikin addinin Hindu. Ya dauke shi a matsayin kyakkyawan jagora ga ta'addanci da mugunta. Tare da falsafar wannan takamaiman littafin, ya ba da hujja da kuma tabbatar da kisan kiyashi.
Mutuwa
Himmler bai canza ka'idojin sa ba har ma bayan kayen Jamus. Ya nemi shugabancin kasar bayan shan kaye, amma duk kokarin da ya yi bai ba da wani sakamako ba. Bayan ƙi na ƙarshe na Reich Shugaba Doenitz, ya shiga cikin ƙasa.
Heinrich ya kawar da tabaransa, ya sanya bandeji, kuma, a cikin kayan aikin jami'in jandarma, ya nufi kan iyakar Denmark da takaddun jabu. A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1945, kusa da garin Meinstedt, da sunan Heinrich Hitzinger (mai kama da haka da kuma wanda aka harba a baya), Himmler da mutane biyu masu ra'ayi ɗaya sun tsare tsoffin fursunonin yaƙi na Soviet.
Bayan wannan, an dauki ɗayan mahimman Nazi zuwa sansanin Burtaniya don ƙarin tambayoyi. Ba da daɗewa ba, Heinrich ya faɗi ainihin wanene shi.
Yayin gwajin lafiyarsa, fursunan ya ciji wata kwaya wacce da ke bakinsa a koyaushe. Bayan minti 15, likitan ya rubuta rikodin mutuwarsa. Heinrich Himmler ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1945 yana da shekara 44.
An binne gawarsa a yankin Luneburg Heath. Har yanzu ba a san ainihin wurin binne 'yan Nazi ba. A shekara ta 2008, jaridar Jamus ta Der Spiegel ta ambaci Himmler a matsayin wanda ya tsara kisan kiyashi kuma daya daga cikin mafi munin kisan gilla a tarihin ɗan adam.
Hotunan Himmler
