Felix Lope de Vega (cikakken suna Felix Lope de Vega da Carpio; 1562-1635) - Marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Sifen, mawaƙi da marubucin marubuta, fitaccen wakilin Ageungiyar Zamani ta Spain. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya rubuta game da wasan kwaikwayo na 2000, wanda 426 suka rayu har zuwa yau, kuma game da sautunan sauti 3000.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Lope de Vega, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Felix Lope de Vega.
Tarihin rayuwar Lope de Vega
An haifi Felix Lope de Vega a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1562 a Madrid. Ya girma a cikin dangin zinare mai fasaha Felix de Vega da matarsa Francis.
Yara da samari
Mahaifin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na gaba ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don haɓaka ɗansa ta hanya mafi kyau. Bayan ya sami isassun kuɗi, ya sayi madaukakiyar take kuma ya taimaki yaron ya sami ilimi mai kyau.
Lope de Vega na tunani da ƙwarewar kirkira sun fara bayyana kanta a yarinta. A sauƙaƙe an ba shi ilimin kimiyya iri-iri, tare da nazarin harsuna. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce lokacin da yaron ya kai kimanin shekaru 10, ya iya fassara waƙar Claudian "Satar Proancin sasa" a cikin salon waƙa!
3 shekaru daga baya, Lope de Vega ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na farko "Mai Son Gaskiya". Da farko, ya kasance dalibi a kwalejin Jesuit, bayan haka ya ci gaba da karatu a jami'ar da ke Alcala.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Lope de Vega ya ƙaunaci yarinyar da ba ta rama ba. A sakamakon haka, don izgili ga dangin ƙaunataccensa waɗanda suka ƙi shi, an gabatar da saurayin a gaban shari'a. An hana shi komawa babban birnin na tsawon shekaru 10.
Duk da irin wannan mummunan hukunci, Lope ya koma Madrid don sace sabon ƙaunataccensa kuma ya aure ta a asirce. Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 26, ya zama memba na kamfen ɗin "Inmada Ba za a iya cin nasara ba", bayan shan kayen da ya yi ya zauna a Valencia.
A cikin wannan garin ne Lope de Vega ya rubuta ayyuka masu ban mamaki da yawa. A lokacin 1590-1598. ya sami damar aiki a matsayin sakatare na Marquis na Malvpik da manyan shugabanni biyu - Alba da Lemoss. A shekara ta 1609 ya sami mukamin bawa na sa kai na Inquisition, kuma shekaru 5 daga baya ya zama malami.
Adabi da wasan kwaikwayo
Dangane da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da kansa, tsawon shekarun da ya kirkiro tarihin rayuwarsa, ya sami nasarar kirkirar comedies 1,500. A lokaci guda, a halin yanzu wasan kwaikwayo 800 kawai aka sani, wanda ya ba da damar zama mai shakka game da kalmomin Lope de Vega.
Ayyukan da ba na Spanish ba na ban mamaki suna ƙunshe cikin mujalladai 21! Waɗannan sun haɗa da Dorothea, litattafai 3, waƙoƙin almara 9, gajeren labaru da yawa, labaran addini, da kuma waƙoƙin waƙoƙi da yawa. Dogaro da masu sauraro, Lope ya rubuta ayyuka a cikin salo daban-daban. Misali, don masana masu wayewa, ya yi amfani da salon malamai, kuma ga talakawa - salon jama'a.
Marubucin yana son yin gwaji, sakamakon haka bai ji tsoron karkacewa daga kafa tushen wasan kwaikwayo na Mutanen Espanya ba. A wancan lokacin, an rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo bisa ka'idojin haɗin wuri, lokaci da aiki. Lope de Vega ya bar aiki kawai, sake haɗuwa da raha da bala'i a cikin ayyukan nasa, wanda daga baya ya zama tushen wasan kwaikwayo na Mutanen Espanya.
Ayyukan tsofaffin ɗalibai sun ƙunshi batutuwa daban-daban. Abune mai ban sha'awa cewa dangane da waƙa, da farko ya juya zuwa ga tunani da ji, kuma ba tunani ba.
Wasan kwaikwayon Lope de Vega an tsara shi ta yadda abin da ya faru wanda ke kawo cikas ga ayyukan ayyuka ya tayar da hankalin abin da aka auna, ya kawo tashin hankali na abubuwan masarufi zuwa matakin bala'i, ta yadda daga baya za a gabatar da rafin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin al'ada na doka da ɗabi'a ta Katolika.
A cikin rawan kansa, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo yakan koma ga wayo, barkwanci, karin magana da maganganu. Wani wasan barkwanci mai ban mamaki shine Kare a cikin Komin dabbobi, wanda Countess ya gano cewa tana soyayya da sakatariyar ta. Kari akan haka, a nan marubucin ya fito karara ya nuna yadda ake kwance damarar mutane daga bangarorin zamantakewa daban daban kafin sihirin soyayya.
Rayuwar mutum
A 1583, Lope de Vega ya fara alaƙa da Elena Osorio mai aure mai suna (tarihin alaƙar su ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Dorothea). Alaƙar su ta kasance na tsawon shekaru 5, amma a ƙarshe Elena ta gwammace mutum mai wadata.
Saurayin da aka yi wa laifi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar fansa a kan yarinyar ta hanyar rubuta wasu misalai na izgili waɗanda aka faɗa wa ’yar fim da iyalinta. Osorio ya kai kararsa, wanda ya yanke hukuncin korar Lope daga Madrid.
Watanni uku bayan bayyana hukuncin, marubucin ya auri wata yarinya mai suna Isabelle de Urbina. Bayan shekaru 6 da aure, Isabelle ta mutu saboda rikitarwa na haihuwa bayan haihuwa a 1594. A shekara mai zuwa, mutumin ya yanke shawarar komawa Madrid, ya bar kyawawan kaburbura 3 a Valencia - matarsa da ƙananan yara mata 2.
Bayan ya zauna a babban birni, Lope de Vega ya sadu da 'yar fim Michaela de Lujan (a cikin ayyukansa ya rera ta da sunan Camila Lucinda). Soyayyar su ba ta ƙare ba har bayan da marubucin wasan ya auri diyar wani hamshakin ɗan kasuwa mai suna Juana de Guardo.
Lope de Vega ya sami damar dakatar da duk wata magana da uwar gidansa a lokacin da ake cikin rikici na ruhaniya sosai (a cikin 1609 ya zama mai ba da shawara ga Inquisition, kuma a cikin 1614 - malamin addini). Yawan mutuwar mutanen da ke kusa da shi sun mamaye rikice-rikicen tunanin na gargajiya: dan Carlos Felix, matarsa, kuma daga baya Michaela.
Tuni a cikin tsufa, Lope ya ɗanɗana ji daɗin ƙauna a karo na ƙarshe. Wanda ya zaɓa shi ne Marta de Nevarez ɗan shekara 20, don girmamawa wanda ya rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa, kuma ya rubuta wasu comedies.
Sabbin bala'oi sun yi duhu a cikin shekarun Lope de Vega na rayuwa: Marta ta mutu a 1632, sannan aka sace 'yarsa, kuma dansa ya mutu a cikin yaƙin soja. Kuma duk da haka, duk da manyan gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, bai daina yin rubutu na kwana ɗaya ba.
Mutuwa
Shekara guda kafin rasuwarsa, Lope ya shirya waƙoƙin sa na ƙarshe, kuma waƙarsa ta ƙarshe - kwanaki 4 kafin. A cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ya yi rayuwa mai zafin rai, don haka yana ƙoƙarin gafarar zunubansa. Ya kwashe awanni a karshe, yana cikin addu’a, yana rokon gafarar Allah.
Lope de Vega ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1635 yana da shekara 72. Mutane da yawa sun zo don ciyar da tafiya ta ƙarshe ta babban marubucin.
Hoto daga Lope de Vega
